Cooperative Village Research Articles

Alternative-Based Breeding Schemes for Designing Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Goats in the Western Lowlands of Ethiopia

Without well-designed national animal genetic improvement schemes, achieving and monitoring genetic gains is difficult. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare designs of alternative-based breeding schemes for genetic improvement of western lowland Arab goats. In the current study, four schemes for the village-based were designed and evaluated for sustainable and operationally feasible breeding programs. The results indicated that monetary genetic gains for the central nucleus scheme were higher than the village-based schemes. Among the central nucleus-based, scheme-5 gave the highest genetic progress in monetary terms (31.27/doe/year). Scheme-1 produced high genetic improvement and was the most efficient of all other village schemes. The trait of more significant genetic gain for the six-month weight (6MW) was predicted from central nucleus scheme-5, and scheme-1 was the highest among the village schemes. The results showed that the central nucleus-based plans were fairly superior to the village-based breeding scheme in terms of annual genetic response and profit. However, the central scheme was not appreciable under smallholder breeders’ management practices since it requires high investments. Given this limitation, a cooperative village scheme linked with a central nucleus scheme is the best option for fast genetic gains and profits. Nonetheless, to upgrade the entire Arab goat flocks which are kept under small-scale farmers’ conditions, scheme-1 could be used as an alternative option.

제주해녀의 울릉도 및 독도 출어 연구

Due to the damages caused by Japan's underwater fishing industry, the fishing grounds of Jeju Island were devastated. Starting from 1895, Jeju Haenyeo (women divers) began migrating to locations such as Busan and Ulsan for fishing. During the period of Japanese colonial rule, their fishing activities extended to regions including China, Japan, and other areas. After Korea's liberation, the Haenyeo continued their fishing endeavors around Ulleungdo and Dokdo, with those fishing around Dokdo contributing to strengthening effective control over the island. It is necessary to examine the fishing practices of Jeju Haenyeo in Ulleungdo and Dokdo, as the management systems of these fishing grounds experienced significant changes before and after the Japanese colonial period.
 After Korea's liberation, Ulleungdo fishermen actively utilized the fishing grounds to diversify their catches like squid, mackerel, and Alaska pollock. They also worked to increase their income through the cooperative use of village fishing grounds. However, concerning Dokdo, it had been a territory actively sought by Japan for colonization since the 17th century, leading to ongoing intrusions and military interventions even after liberation. The situation around Dokdo began to stabilize after the establishment of the Korean Dokdo Coast Guard unit, enabling Ulleungdo fishermen to utilize the island more securely. Particularly, over about 23 years of Dokdo fishing ground development and residency efforts led by Choi Jong-Deok, fishing practices on Dokdo started to exhibit differences from those in Ulleungdo, a distinction that was also reflected in the activities of the Haenyeo.
 These changes in the management systems of Ulleungdo and Dokdo fishing grounds had an impact on the fishing practices of Jeju Haenyeo. Specialization in fishing techniques led to the evolution of fishing methods and alterations in fishing gear. These changes even influenced the terms of employment contracts for the Haenyeo. Ultimately, the cooperative village fishing practices of Jeju Haenyeo complemented the economic endeavors of both Ulleungdo fishermen and Jeju Haenyeo, contributing to income generation for both groups. Moreover, the utilization of Dokdo fishing grounds also contributed to strengthening South Korea's territorial sovereignty through effective governance.

Analysis Of Dynamic Capability Of Managers During The Covid-19 Pandemic Cooperative Village Units In The Mataraman Region, East Java


 
 
 
 Research aim : to find out and identify dynamic capabilities by KUD managers during a pandemic and the results in the form of index values are used to determine the impact on KUD in Kediri and Madiun Residents and provide information in the form of strategies that must be carried out by KUD.
 Design/Methode/Approach : The variables in this study are latent or unobserved variables, namely variables that cannot be measured directly, but are formed through indicators observed through a questionnaire. The type of data used in this research consists of primary data and secondary data. the linkert scale developed in this study consists of 7. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis using index numbers.
 Research Finding : dynamic capability, ability to acquire knowledge, ability to create knowledge, ability to combine knowledge, interpretation at 26.43 to 79.29 is in the low index category.
 Theoretical contribution/Originality : dynamic capabilities KUD in Indonesia.
 Practitionel/Policy implication : Dynamic capability has managerial implications that must be created, namely: first, KUD has very good business and non-business knowledge. Second, KUD has the ability to develop business, non-business and technology knowledge. And third, KUD has the ability to combine and or create business, non-business and technology knowledge.
 Research limitation : The research object has not been classified from the level of business size, type of business, and others so that it becomes a comparable comparison. Where research can be categorized into 3 strata, namely: large-scale KUD, medium-scale KUD and small-scale KUD. And each stratum is the focus of research because large, medium or small capabilities have different characteristics.
 
 
 
 

Pola Kemitraan Bagi Hasil Plasma Antara PT. Sago Nauli Dengan KUD Hemat Di Kecamatan Sinunukan

This article discusses the Sharia Economic Law Compilation (KHES) for the production sharing of oil palm plasma land in the village unit cooperative Sinunukan IV, Sinunukan District, Mandailing Natal District. This research is a field research with a qualitative approach, the primary data source comes from the Chairperson of the Cooperative Village Unit for Savings (KUD Hemat), the Management of KUD Hemat, and members of the plasma land owners. Then the secondary data from this research are books, journals, field documents and other sources related to this research. Data collection techniques by interviews, observation, and documentation and data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study explain that the implementation of profit sharing carried out by the Efficient Village Unit Cooperative (KUD Hemat) is to use a percentage system, namely 80% for community members as owners of oil palm plasma land, commonly referred to as SHP (Harvest Remaining). 20% for the PT, and cooperative management get 1.5% of the 20% given by the company, Muzara'ah and Mukhabarah in KHES are made in 1 CHAPTER namely in CHAPTER IX the first part of Article 255 regarding the pillars and regarding the conditions contained in article 256 -261. In KHES namely in CHAPTER IX the first part of Article 255 regarding pillars are: land owner, cultivator, cultivated land, and contract. In terms of pillars, it is appropriate both in terms of KHES (Compilation of Sharia Economic Law) and from Islamic law. However, in terms of the conditions it has not met, namely related to the land planted, that is, the land to be cultivated must be clearly known, so as not to cause disputes between the parties making the contract. This is what causes these conditions to be less than perfect because according to the observations it was found that the people who got the plasma land did not know the exact location. Based on KHES, in terms of profit sharing, it is in accordance with mukhabarah in the form of a percentage where it is appropriate (not gharar), namely in the form of 80% for community members as owners of oil palm plasma land, commonly referred to as SHP (Remaining Harvest) every month. 20% for the PT, and cooperative management gets 1.5% of the 20% given by the company.

Optimization of alternative breeding schemes for the genetic improvement of common Tigray highland sheep in northern Ethiopia

BackgroundGenetic improvement is one of the major means to enhance the productivity of livestock, and well-designed animal genetic improvement schemes are necessary to achieve genetic gains. The objective of the current study was to design an alternative breeding program to improve the productivity of common Tigray highland sheep. Two village- and two central nucleus-based breeding schemes were simulated and evaluated in terms of genetic gain, bio-economic efficiency and operational feasibility.MethodsFour breeding schemes were simulated: scheme 1, a one-tier cooperative village-based breeding scheme, scheme 2, a two-tier cooperative village breeding scheme (dispersed village-based nuclei scheme), scheme 3, a central open nucleus-based scheme with 5% nucleus size; and scheme 4, a three-tier breeding schemes (central open nucleus-based linked with multiplier units). Simulation analyses were performed using the ZPLAN computer program, which is based on a deterministic approach to estimate genetic and economic gains in the breeding programs.ResultsBetween the two village-based breeding schemes, scheme 2 showed higher genetic gain and economic efficiency in the breeding traits analysed than scheme 1. The central nuclei schemes were more efficient than the village breeding schemes. Scheme 3 was the most efficient with a genetic gain in the breeding objective of US $ 1.03 and a profit of US $ 2.73/ewe/year, but operationally it is also the most difficult to implement as it requires a big central nucleus. A central nucleus linked with the village-based nuclei would be a feasible option to overcome the operational difficulties of the conventional central nucleus schemes. If a village-based breeding program is considered it should be the first step in most low-input systems. In this case, scheme 2 is the most efficient.ConclusionsWith some support from the public sector at the outset and a strong collaboration among the stakeholders including smallholders, scheme 4 could lead to substantial genetic gains in the common Tigray highland sheep breed within its habitat that covers large areas of the Tigray region. Therefore, we recommend a long-term breeding program which should include cross-breeding, genomic selection, updated estimates of genetic and economic values for the common Tigray highland sheep breed.

Factors Associated with Rural Residents' Contract Behavior with Village Doctors in Three Counties: A Cross-Sectional Study from China.

Historically, cooperative medical insurance and village doctors are considered two powerful factors in protecting rural residents’ health. However, with the central government of China’s implementation of new economic policies in the 1980s, cooperative medical insurance collapsed and rural residents fell into poverty because of sickness. In 2009, the New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance (NRCMI) was implemented to provide healthcare for rural residents. Moreover, the National Basic Drug System was implemented in the same year to protect rural residents’ right to basic drugs. In 2013, a village doctor contract service was implemented after the publication of the Guidance on Pilot Contract Services for Rural Doctors. This contract service aimed to retain patients in rural primary healthcare systems and change private practice village doctors into general practitioners (GPs) under government management. Objectives: This study investigates the factors associated with rural residents’ contract behavior toward village doctors. Further, we explore the relationships between trust, NRCMI reimbursement rate, and drug treatment effect. We used a qualitative approach, and twenty-five village clinics were chosen from three counties as our study sites using a random sampling method. A total of 625 villagers participated in the investigation. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, t-test, and hierarchical logistic analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: The chi-squared test showed no significant difference in demographic characteristics, and the t-test showed a significant difference between signed and unsigned contract services. The results of the hierarchical logistic analysis showed that trust significantly influenced patients’ willingness to contract services, and the drug treatment effect and NRCMI reimbursement rate moderated the influence of trust. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the government should aim to strengthen trust in the doctor–patient relationship in rural areas and increase the NRCMI reimbursement rate. Moreover, health officers should perfect the contract service package by offering tailored contract services or expanding service packages.

AGENCY COST OF CREDIT ON MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS OF COOPERATIVE AND RURAL BANK TYPE

Historically, most microfinance providers are in the form of cooperatives, while some policies studies recommend shareholders ownership because it can reduce the risk of capital costs and charges opportunism manager. This study aims to analyze the factors in the cost of ownership that distinguishes MFI with the type of cooperative ownership and village banks. The study was conducted by using secondary data from the MIX (Microfinance Information Exchange) market year 2007-2013. The factors Influencing the determinants of MFI ownership costs were Analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis technique. The study found that the MFI of cooperative has advantages in operational efficiency and credit risk while village banks have advantages in the cost of customer service, cost of debt, cost of capital, social performance and financial performance.

Emergency Communal Labor and Gender in Central Province During the Mau Mau War in Kenya, 1953–1960

ABSTRACTThis article examines the Kenya Colony administration’s use of communal labor as a punitive, coercive labor practice during the Mau Mau rebellion of the 1950s. Faced with the Mau Mau rebellion, the administration transformed the preexisting communal labor system and began to use it on an unprecedented scale as a form of collective punishment against the mainly Kikuyu African civilian populations thought to be in collusion with the Mau Mau guerrillas. Communal labor, which was previously justified as a building block of development and used widely throughout the colony as cooperative village labor, now became an aspect of the punitive “rehabilitation” of the Kikuyu populace in Central Province. Although colonial officials directed Emergency communal labor against all of the African civilians living in the rural areas of Central Province thought to be in tacit support of Mau Mau, women were the corps of most of the communal labor work parties. As a result, this article examines the role of gender in the British administration’s wielding of communal labor as a punitive measure in Central Province during this time period. This window into the machinations of communal forced labor also sheds more light on the wider issue of gender and forced labor during the colonial period in Africa.

Simulated alternative breeding schemes for optimizing Begait goat improvement programs in Western Tigray, northern Ethiopia

In the absence of well-designed national animal genetic improvement schemes, achieving and monitoring genetic gains is difficult. The objective of the present study was to evaluate three alternative breeding schemes for Begait goat breed in Ethiopia. The breeding schemes were: a) government ranch breeding scheme b) commercial breeding scheme and c) cooperative village breeding scheme. The breeding schemes differed in the number of tiers (two tiers in the case of a and b, one tier in case of scheme c), flock size and selection method. The breeding schemes were compared for annual genetic and economic gains in addition to operational feasibility. Analyses were performed by using ZPLAN computer program, which uses a deterministic approach to estimate genetic and economic gains in breeding programs. The results indicated that the annual genetic and economic gains increased with increased flock size and use of Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) based selection method. The predicted genetic and economic gains were slightly higher under scheme a and b as compared to scheme c. The trait of greater economic impact was six month weight (6 MW) in all schemes. Nevertheless, scheme a seems more operationally feasible when compared to the other schemes. This is as the regional government showed high interest in the maintenance and development of Begait goat, sheep and cattle breeds. Government also planned to export meat by the end of Growth and Transformation Plane III and roadmap has been already developed for these animal breeds. Apparently, these are good opportunities which would make the development and implementation of the breeding program for Begait goat more feasible in the short-term when the public sector is involved.

Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggota Terhadap Keberhasilan Koperasi Tuke Jung

This study aims to find out: (1) Participation Members of the Tuke Jung Cooperative Village Wairterang Subdistrict of Waigete District Kabik. (2) The success of the Tuke Jung Cooperative in the Village of Werangerang in the Waigete District District of Sikka. (3) The Effect of Participation on Members on the Success of the Tuke Jung Cooperative in the Wairterang Subdistrict District of Sikka. This research uses the postfactex design with quantitative approach. Methods of collection of the letters used were questionnaires. Populations in this study were members of the Tuke Jung Cooperative. Measures were taken by 80 people with the potential sampling method. The analysis of which is used in this study is not a multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the research it can be concluded that: Participation of Tuke Jung's operative group is quite good with a criterion of 73.75% while the success of Tuke Jung's Cooperation is quite sufficient with a criterion of 61%.

Risk factors for Newcastle disease in broiler farms in Israel

Following a large outbreak of Newcastle disease (ND) in Israel, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the broilers sector. The aim of the study was to find geographical and farm related risk factors for ND. Information was available on 96% of the broiler farms in Israel. Of these, farms diagnosed with ND in the years 2010–2012 were compared with the other farms. Risk factors for ND were analyzed, using Generalized Estimating Equation models. Six variables were found to be associated with the risk for ND outbreak: a distance of less than 300m from another farm (OR=1.77, 95% CI 1.07–2.93), a distance of less than 6000m from a national border (OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.22–3.30), farm location in the Ha’amakim district (OR=2.46, 95% CI 1.32–4.61), village type: a Moshav (village) vs. Kibbutz (Cooperative village) (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.04–3.70), and carcass disposal in an uncovered bin (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.18–3.26). A distance of less than 800m from an inter-city road was found to be a protective factor (OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.98). The results of this study provide information that may be used to improve surveillance and control of ND.

Karaite Stories: Narrating Subjectivity in a Marginal Moshav

The Karaites are a Jewish group formed between the 8th and 10th centuries. Throughout their history, they lived in constant confrontation with the usually larger and stronger group of Rabbani’im (the Hebrew Karaite name for non-Karaite Jews) over the definition of Jewishness. This confrontation threatened to continue in Israel following Karaite immigration in the 1950s and 1960s. As the politically weaker of the two groups, the Karaites were forced to contend with their double status in Israel–Israeli Jews according to the Law of Return, yet questionable Jews in Rabbani eyes. This threatened not only their perceived Jewish identity but also their “Israeliness” and national belonging. This paper analyzes stories recounted by members of a Karaite moshav (a smallholder cooperative village) in Israel, which express the social position the community views as fitting and presents the teller’s portrayal of its fraught position in Israeli society. It will show that, while describing life on the moshav over the years, these stories convey ideas about belonging, Zionism and Jewishness. This reading into the stories reveals the Karaite’s version of their identity, as opposed to that of their Rabbani neighbors who challenge their Jewishness, offering a case study in the cultural construction of a marginalized identity.

지속가능한 귀촌형 공동체마을 계획을 위한 거주자의 거주후 평가

This study had its purpose to evaluate cooperative village residents' post occupancy satisfaction and need, in the aspects of living environment, social environment, maintenance & management, regional environment, and economic environment. This evaluation should give meaningful data to enhance satisfaction level in the planning and maintenance of sustainable back-to-farm villages. 60 residents residing in the 6 villages answered the questionnaire of this study, which was analysed on the frequency and mean with its median score 3.0. The results of this study were as follows. 1) In the aspect of living environment, villages were recommended to have promenade path, resting spot, bench, small sporting facilities and culture space with adequate programs. 2) In the aspect of social environment, the villages were recommended to have autonomous council and hobby groups, with improved education programs for residents' back-to-farm life. 3) In the aspect of maintenance and management, the authority was recommended to assist the manual development for the pre-planning program of operation cost, and the establishment of village's fund guide and master plan. 4) In the aspect of regional environment, it was needed to make network system between residents and local specialists in civic groups; this network would make village programs to be tied with local programs and resources. And the authority was recommended to assist the cost for the villages to share their programs and facilities with neighboring ones. 5) In the aspect of economic environment, it was recommended to provide local facilities for income increase and production-aid, the mentor system to help non-experience farmers, programs for utilization of surrounding economic resources, and programs for the job-related or other economic activities in the local base.

ANALISIS FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL :PENGHAMBAT DAN SOLUSI PERKEMBANGAN KOPERASI(STUDI PADA KOPERASI UNIT DESA DI KABUPATEN MUBA)

The location of this study in Musi Banyuasin, while the object of research is the Village Unit Cooperatives in six Districts, Cooperative Village Unit investigated the KUD Sinar Desa, KUD Pembela, KUD Sejahtera, KUD Sandes, KUD Embun Pagi, KUD Pelita, KUD Panca Kerja, KUD Tri Jaya, KUD Sumber Jaya Makmur Lestari and KUD Karya Makmur. Use research methods and research approaches diskriftif fenomenalogi approach. While the research instrument used questionnaires, interviews and surveys. This research activity has resulted in findings that the average KUD studied in healthy condition either simultaneously or partially. The results of the simultaneous study of cooperatives in the top ten there are two healthy KUD the KUD Tri Jaya and KUD Karya Makmur Jaya and cooperatives to obtain scores respectively 81.6 and 80.6. While eight other KUD in reasonably healthy condition with acquisition scores above 65 While the partial results of the calculation of the average rate earned on internal factors and external factors on each of the Cooperative are very varied. Through the above data if each of these cooperative complies with the Cooperative management, both from the internal and external side. If seen from the average achieved in the calculation of the internal factors there are four cooperatives that have Quality of human resources, as well Implement Cooperative Principle, system administration and good business. The cooperatives are cooperatives Prosperous scores 81, KUD Pelita scores 81, KUD Tri Jaya scores 81.67 and 81 scores Karya Makmur that KUD While having a score of 58.33 which is KUD Sinar Desa , the low value of the score obtained in the cooperative course is determined by the specified indicators. Based on the results of research studies and results indicators SWOT analysis can be seen that the main problem lies in the KUD only: Low Capital, Low Quality Board, Lack of Information on cooperative management, lack of capacity and skills in the field of administration and management of financial To overcome these problems takes the following steps: Capital Increase and to the board of Cooperative Management Training, Recruitment and Appointment of administrators are more selective in who has the education and work experience, improving employee training, facility improvement, especially supporters of the technology, cooperative empowerment Acceleration directionally and integrated, Synergize regional development programs with cooperative work program

The Assessment of Degree of Rural Settlers’ Satisfaction with Respect to Provision of Cooperative Village Councils’ Services – Case: Cooperative Council of Dashtesar

The Assessment of Degree of Rural Settlers’ Satisfaction with Respect to Provision of Cooperative Village Councils’ Services – Case: Cooperative Council of Dashtesar

The cooperative components of the Classic Moshav

Abstract It is time, 90 years after the establishment of the first Moshav, family farm based settlement in Israel, to examine the idea of the Moshav and its transformation over the years. This article attempts to examine the initial group of Moshav type rural settlements, established during a limited period of time from 1921 to 1950 and which is termed in this article as the Classic Moshav. This type of settlement, a particular model of a cooperative village, is also a multi-purpose cooperative association containing maximum number of cooperative functions, and is characterized by a defined geographical space. The principles of this particular settlement were defined in a period where the economic conditions were unfavourable to the pioneers who settled the Land of Israel in order to make their living from farming. Once the economic and social conditions have changed, 70 years later, the existence of these principles and their cooperative components have been questioned. The complete identity between the village and the cooperative at its base which was unique phenomenon has been redefined. The article makes an attempt to describe and to examine the changes in the model of the Classic Moshav, in its cooperative components and its uniqueness.

지속가능한 귀촌형 공동체마을 계획 및 운영지침을 위한 평가도구 적용성 분석

The purpose of this study is to develop the assessment indices on sustainable back-to-farm cooperative village, verify their effectiveness after application to the real cases, and finally decide the validity of the common applicability. The assessment indices were applied to the 12 cooperative villages, and the data were got from interviews with recorded tapes and observations. The statistical mean by SPSS 19.0 program gave the study the appraisal points, and the findings are as follows. 1) Some of typical assessment indices(living-environmental, socio-environmental, managerial-environmental, regional-environmental and economic-environmental) were found to be not adequate to apply because almost back-to-farm cooperative villages were too small and have orientation to eco-village. 2) Some assessment items in the living-environmental, socio-environmental and managerial-environmental indices were found to need adjustment along with the establishment point because longer period explained more autonomy. 3) The item 'ecomomic base and program' of economy-environmental index was found to be influenced by village making history, so that it was hard to apply it to all the villages. And the item 'income' showed limited discrimination as assessment by various factors.

Breeding programmes for smallholder sheep farming systems: II. Optimization of cooperative village breeding schemes.

A simulation study was conducted to optimize a cooperative village-based sheep breeding scheme for Menz sheep of Ethiopia. Genetic gains and profits were estimated under nine levels of farmers' participation and three scenarios of controlled breeding achieved in the breeding programme, as well as under three cooperative flock sizes, ewe to ram mating ratios and durations of ram use for breeding. Under fully controlled breeding, that is, when there is no gene flow between participating (P) and non-participating (NP) flocks, profits ranged from Birr 36.9 at 90% of participation to Birr 21.3 at 10% of participation. However, genetic progress was not affected adversely. When there was gene flow from the NP to P flocks, profits declined from Birr 28.6 to Birr -3.7 as participation declined from 90 to 10%. Under the two-way gene flow model (i.e. when P and NP flocks are herded mixed in communal grazing areas), NP flocks benefited from the genetic gain achieved in the P flocks, but the benefits declined sharply when participation declined beyond 60%. Our results indicate that a cooperative breeding group can be established with as low as 600 breeding ewes mated at a ratio of 45 ewes to one ram, and the rams being used for breeding for a period of two years. This study showed that farmer cooperation is crucial to effect genetic improvement under smallholder low-input sheep farming systems.

Feasibility of pedigree recording and genetic selection in village sheep flocks of smallholder farmers

Pedigree recording and genetic selection in village flocks of smallholder farmers have been deemed infeasible by researchers and development workers. This is mainly due to the difficulty of sire identification under uncontrolled village breeding practices. A cooperative village sheep-breeding scheme was designed to achieve controlled breeding and implemented for Menz sheep of Ethiopia in 2009. In this paper, we evaluated the reliability of pedigree recording in village flocks by comparing genetic parameters estimated from data sets collected in the cooperative village and in a nucleus flock maintained under controlled breeding. Effectiveness of selection in the cooperative village was evaluated based on trends in breeding values over generations. Heritability estimates for 6-month weight recorded in the village and the nucleus flock were very similar. There was an increasing trend over generations in average estimated breeding values for 6-month weight in the village flocks. These results have a number of implications: the pedigree recorded in the village flocks was reliable; genetic parameters, which have so far been estimated based on nucleus data sets, can be estimated based on village recording; and appreciable genetic improvement could be achieved in village sheep selection programs under low-input smallholder farming systems.

지속가능한 귀촌형 공동체마을을 위한 평가도구 개발

The purpose of this study is to establish the assessment index for sustainable back-to-farm cooperative village. The assessment index will be applied as a guideline to plan or to stimulate the cooperative village. The 1st step is to organize the assessment items from the precedent studies, and the 2nd step is to make them confirmed by the professionals by means of on-line questionnaire. The tool was SPSSwin statistical program and its outputs' mean. The final 3rd step is to take consult with professionals on the issues derived from the 2nd stage, and fix assessment index. The results are as follows. 1) The selected grand assessment items are five; living-environmental, social-environmental, managerial-environmental, regional-environmental and economic-environmental assessments. Five grand items have 26 medium assessment items and 76 small assessment items. 2) The questionnaire of professionals ranked the importance of grand assessment items as social-living-economic-managerial-regional environments. The adequacy got more than 3 points, above the mean, in all assessment items by professionals. 3) Managerial-environmental assessment was renamed to maintenance assessment. With professionals' advice, items that are hard to take quantitative measurements or to be seen as characteristics of cooperative village were either deleted or combined together; 26 medium items into 21 items and 78 small items into 52 items.