제주해녀의 울릉도 및 독도 출어 연구

Abstract

Due to the damages caused by Japan's underwater fishing industry, the fishing grounds of Jeju Island were devastated. Starting from 1895, Jeju Haenyeo (women divers) began migrating to locations such as Busan and Ulsan for fishing. During the period of Japanese colonial rule, their fishing activities extended to regions including China, Japan, and other areas. After Korea's liberation, the Haenyeo continued their fishing endeavors around Ulleungdo and Dokdo, with those fishing around Dokdo contributing to strengthening effective control over the island. It is necessary to examine the fishing practices of Jeju Haenyeo in Ulleungdo and Dokdo, as the management systems of these fishing grounds experienced significant changes before and after the Japanese colonial period.
 After Korea's liberation, Ulleungdo fishermen actively utilized the fishing grounds to diversify their catches like squid, mackerel, and Alaska pollock. They also worked to increase their income through the cooperative use of village fishing grounds. However, concerning Dokdo, it had been a territory actively sought by Japan for colonization since the 17th century, leading to ongoing intrusions and military interventions even after liberation. The situation around Dokdo began to stabilize after the establishment of the Korean Dokdo Coast Guard unit, enabling Ulleungdo fishermen to utilize the island more securely. Particularly, over about 23 years of Dokdo fishing ground development and residency efforts led by Choi Jong-Deok, fishing practices on Dokdo started to exhibit differences from those in Ulleungdo, a distinction that was also reflected in the activities of the Haenyeo.
 These changes in the management systems of Ulleungdo and Dokdo fishing grounds had an impact on the fishing practices of Jeju Haenyeo. Specialization in fishing techniques led to the evolution of fishing methods and alterations in fishing gear. These changes even influenced the terms of employment contracts for the Haenyeo. Ultimately, the cooperative village fishing practices of Jeju Haenyeo complemented the economic endeavors of both Ulleungdo fishermen and Jeju Haenyeo, contributing to income generation for both groups. Moreover, the utilization of Dokdo fishing grounds also contributed to strengthening South Korea's territorial sovereignty through effective governance.