Cooperative Unit Research Articles

Optimalisasi Partisipasi Anggota Koperasi Mahasiswa Melalui Digitalisasi Layanan Serta Potensi Pengembangan Bisnisnya

The demand to transform conventional systems into ones that utilize digital platforms is inevitable. Digital transformation is crucial, especially in the customer service sector, to facilitate transactions for consumers. The opportunity to undertake digital transformation within cooperatives is wide open due to the rapid technological advancements today. The specific objective of this research is to understand how the digitalization of services conducted by student cooperatives contributes to enhancing member participation, and also to identify the potential for the development of student cooperative businesses. This research is conducted at the Student Cooperative of Economics Education in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. Informants for this study consist of cooperative advisors, management members, cooperative members, and alumni who were members of the cooperative. Data collection for this research was obtained through three methods: observation of the research location, interviews with the informants, and literature review. Data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions are the methods used to analyze the qualitative data obtained from interview results. The research findings reveal that the student cooperative management has taken initiatives to optimize member participation, such as developing the "KopmaKu" application, attempting collaboration with third-party cooperative application developers, and working towards implementing Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a payment system. Student cooperative business units have significant potential to provide benefits and opportunities for alumni. These cooperatives serve not only as places for purchasing essential items, but also as platforms for collaboration, empowerment, and connections between students and alumni. The student cooperative business units can serve as a strong bridge between students and alumni. Alumni can collaborate with students in various aspects, including the provision of products or services, training, and even funding.

Progress and challenges of gender mainstreaming in Spanish university cooperation for international development: the technical staff’s viewpoints

PurposeConsidering the critical role of higher education institutions in the advancement of the 2030 Agenda, this paper aims to analyse the incorporation of the gender perspective (Sustainable Development Goal 5) in the University Cooperation for International Development.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a qualitative methodological strategy, this paper identifies the potentialities and challenges of this perspective from the point of view of the technical staff of the cooperation units of seven Spanish universities.FindingsResults show a strong intention to incorporate gender principles, in accordance with the SDGs framework. However, the findings also point to certain divergences in the forms of understanding and implementing gender equality in practice. Finally, this paper uncovers a variety of strategies to navigate the resistances, still existing in the university community.Originality/valueSpain is orienting the legal framework of its cooperation and international relations towards the ambitious horizon of a feminist foreign policy. Universities are key actors in international development cooperation and the implementation of the SDGs. This is an issue that has received little research attention, particularly from a gender perspective.

DETERMINAN KECENDERUNGAN KECURANGAN AKUNTANSI DI KOPERASI DALAM PERSPEKTIF FRAUD HEXAGON

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of financial pressure, leadership style, effectiveness of internal control, organizational culture, position, and collusion on the tendency of accounting fraud. The population in this study were the administrators of savings and loan service cooperative units in Kuningan Regency, totaling 165 administrators. The sample in this research was 120 cooperatives administrators. The data analysis technique in this research uses Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM). The results of this research indicate that financial pressure, position, and collusion have a significant positive effect on the tendency of accounting fraud. Meanwhile, leadership, organizational culture and the effectiveness of internal control have a negative effect significant on the tendency of accounting fraud. Keywords: Financial Pressure, Organizational Culture, Position, Collusion, Leadership, Effectiveness of Internal Control, Tendency of Accounting Fraud.

Analysis of the effect of oil palm partnership pattern on the selling price and quality of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) at the level of independent farmers in Sumber Rejeki village Sungai Lilin District Musi Banyuasin Regency

The objectives of this research are: (1) To examine the partnership patterns among independent oil palm farmers in Sumber Rejeki Village. (2) To identify factors that influence the price and quality of FFB within the partnership patterns of independent oil palm farmers in Sumber Rejeki Village. (3) To assess the impact of partnership patterns on the price and quality of FFB among independent oil palm farmers in Sumber Rejeki Village. (4) To provide recommendations for a relevant partnership management model to be implemented in the partnership patterns of oil palm farmers in Sumber Rejeki Village. This research was conducted in Sumber Rejeki Village. The research methods used are survey method and purposive sampling method. The number of samples taken is 31 independent oil palm farmers from Sumber Rejeki Village. The sample was determined using the Slovin’s method. The research findings indicate that: The partnership model existing in Sumber Rejeki Village is the inti-plasma partnership. The factor that most influences the price of FFB is the quality of the seeds. The factor that most affects the quality of the FFB is the level of ripeness. The analysis has shown that there is a significant impact of the village cooperative unit, core companies, and independent farmers on the price and quality of FFB in Sumber Rejeki Village. The recommended partnership model to be implemented, based on the first priority alternative results, is the core-plasma partnership with a focus on the criteria of capital support.

The Factors that Influencing the Success of the Village Cooperative Unit (Kud) Madani Beach Fisheries in Bantan District Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province

This research was conducted in 2023 at the Pantai Madani Fisheries Cooperative, Bantan District, Bengkalis Regency with the aim of: 1) Analyzing the success of the financial performance of the Pantai Madani Fisheries Cooperative in terms of financial ratios; 2) Knowing the factors that influencing the success of the Madani Beach Fisheries Cooperative. The method used in this research is a survey method using purposive sampling as a sampling technique that will be used as respondents. The number of respondents in this research is 25 cooperative members. The research results show that the current ratio is very good because the cooperative is able to cover its short-term liabilities, the solvency ratio on DER and DAR is in good condition where the cooperative's ability to cover its debts does not affect the management of cooperative assets and capital, the profitability ratio on ROE and also ROA is not good because activity has not been maximized, NPM is not good because sales are high but cannot produce large profits, NPM is not good because sales are high but cannot produce large profits, total turnover of receivable assets is very good, meaning the utilization of the activity ratio in receivables turnover is quite good, meaning that the collection carried out on assets is optimal to generate sales. The factors that influence the success of the Pantai Madani Fisheries Cooperative are economic scale, market failure, service benefits, profit generation in the area of value obtained from these variables 479,203/month, the value obtained is the quantitative value of goods and services from fishing activities that have been executed.

Wanprestasi oleh Koperasi Simpan Pinjam: Bagaimana Dampak Hukumnya?

The development of the national economy and the changes that occur in the business environment, including the savings and loan cooperative unit, which is directed to always encourage and play an active role in increasing the income of its members in order to be able to overcome existing social inequality. Cooperatives are a joint business entity that struggles in the economic field by taking the right and steady path with the aim of freeing itself from the economic difficulties generally suffered by its members. However, in reality, this cooperative has not been maximized in controlling credit so that the ability to generate Residual Income (SHU) is still less effective and must enter the realm of court because of defaulting on its customers. Therefore, this research will analyze legal protection in the event of default by the company in this context is the Cooperative. This research is normative (legal) research. The results of this study conclude that the Cooperative Law does not specifically mention legal protection for customer funds while for customers the protection is seen in article 7 and article 8 of Government Regulation Number 33 of 1998 concerning Participation Capital in Cooperatives and the protection of customers is not regulated with certainty so that regulations are needed to resolve defaults committed by business actors of Savings and Loan Cooperatives.

Deployment Strategy of Shore-Based Cooperative Units for the Internet of Inland Vessels

Aiming at the communication network optimization problem of the Internet of Inland Vessels, this work presented a network model and deployment strategy with shore-based cooperative units as network nodes. Firstly, the system architecture and communication mode of the Internet of Inland Vessels were analyzed. The three-layer model of service, data, and transmission of ship–shore communication was established to calculate the ship–shore communication data volume of the system. Then, considering the comprehensiveness of the signal coverage of the base station, a coverage model of two-layer heterogeneous network communication was established. Furthermore, an optimization model of shore-based cooperative unit deployment was established with power consumption, cost, and data transmission rate as the objectives. The multi-objective optimization model was solved by the genetic algorithm. Finally, the proposed deployment strategy was verified through simulation cases. The simulation results showed that the proposed deployment strategy could reduce the deployment cost of shore-based cooperative units based on meeting the communication demand and deploy regional shore-based cooperative units.

Power Optimization in Wireless Sensor Network Using VLSI Technique on FPGA Platform

Nowadays, the demand for high-performance wireless sensor networks (WSN) is increasing, and its power requirement has threatened the survival of WSN. The routing methods cannot optimize power consumption. To improve the power consumption, VLSI based power optimization technology is proposed in this article. Different elements in WSN, such as sensor nodes, modulation schemes, and package data transmission, influence energy usage. Following a WSN power study, it was discovered that lowering the energy usage of sensor networks is critical in WSN. In this manuscript, a power optimization model for wireless sensor networks (POM-WSN) is proposed. The proposed system shows how to build and execute a power-saving strategy for WSNs using a customized collaborative unit with parallel processing capabilities on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and a smart power component. The customizable cooperation unit focuses on applying specialized hardware to customize Operating System speed and transfer it to a soft intel core. This device decreases the OS (Operating System) central processing unit (CPU) overhead associated with installing processor-based IoT (Internet of Things) devices. The smart power unit controls the soft CPU’s clock and physical peripherals, putting them in the right state depending on the hardware requirements of the program (tasks) being executed. Furthermore, by taking the command signal from a collaborative custom unit, it is necessary to adjust the amplitude and current. The efficiency and energy usage of the FPGA-based energy saver approach for sensor nodes are compared to the energy usage of processor-based WSN nodes implementations. Using FPGA programmable architecture, the research seeks to build effective power-saving approaches for WSNs.

Scribble-based complementary graph reasoning network for weakly supervised salient object detection

Current salient object detection (SOD) methods rely heavily on accurate pixel-level annotations. To reduce the annotation workload, some scribble-based methods have emerged. Recent works address the sparse scribble annotations by introducing auxiliary information and enhancing local features. However, the impact of long-range dependence between pixels on energy propagation and model performance has not been explored in this field. In this paper, we propose a novel complementary graph reasoning network (CGRNet), which globally infers relationships between salient regions by building graph representations. Specifically, we introduce a dual-stream cross-interactive graph reasoning pipeline to model high-level representations and incorporate efficient graph cooperation unit (GCU) to adaptively select complementary components from the representations. Additionally, considering the lack of structural information in scribble data, we design an edge-oriented module (EOM) to explicitly mine boundary semantics. Finally, we propose a dense fusion strategy (DFS) to aggregate multi-source semantics in a multi-guidance manner for obtaining complete global information. Experimental and visual results on five benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our proposed CGRNet.

Pengaruh Kemampuan dan Motivasi Kerja Pegawai terhadap Daya Saing Koperasi pada Unit Salapak di Kota Bandung

Cooperative as a form of economic organization that plays an important role in the economy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ability and work motivation of employees on the competitiveness of cooperatives. The research method used was to collect data through questionnaires which were distributed to cooperative employees involved in operational activities. This study used a quantitative method using the SPSS 23 analysis tool. The total population in the Salapak cooperative unit in the city of Bandung is 15 people. By using the saturated sample technique, the total sample is the entire population, namely 15 people. From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that simultaneously H3 is accepted, meaning that the ability and work motivation simultaneously have a positive effect on competitiveness.

Legal Certainty of Farmers' Rights in the Conversion of Use of Ill Land Into Agricultural Land

Utilization of unused land for agricultural land has an important impact on food security and community welfare. This research examines the legal certainty of farmers' rights in the context of land conversion in Indonesia. Law no. 19 of 2013 becomes a strategic framework with a focus on agricultural infrastructure, commodity prices and agricultural insurance. Farming groups have a crucial role as a forum for cooperation and production units, but agricultural land is experiencing shrinkage due to conversion. Evaluation of statutory regulations and stakeholder cooperation are needed to protect farmers' rights and ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector. This research shows the urgency of legal clarity in land ownership, the role of village government, and protecting farmers' rights. With a focus on legal certainty and farmers' rights, this research provides in-depth insights and policy recommendations to improve legal protection and achieve sustainable development goals in the agricultural sector

Land acquisition policy and practice for cooperative housing scheme in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: toward affordable housing solutions

Bahir Dar, a city in Ethiopia, is grappling with the challenges of rapid urbanization, which has made affordable housing a critical issue for its growing population. This study specifically focuses on the urban land acquisition process for cooperative housing schemes, which serve as an essential component of Bahir Dar’s affordable housing program. This atudy aimed to examine the current practices, identify the challenges faced by housing cooperatives during land acquisition and construction, and propose strategies for improvement. The primary data for this research were collected through interviews with key informants from the Bahir Dar City administration’s land management, cooperative organizer office, housing development and management office, and housing cooperative committees. Additionally, three focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted, involving 21 participants from cooperative members who had acquired residential land and from those who were waiting for allocation, including both female- and male-headed households. These discussions explored their views on the effectiveness of the cooperative housing scheme, the challenges encountered during cooperation and construction, and their recommendations for enhancement. Secondary data were also gathered through a comprehensive review of policies, regulations, research articles, reports, and relevant legal documents. The study revealed that, out of the 35,512 certified housing cooperative members since 2014, only 31,596 of them had received residential land plots. However, a relatively small fraction, i.e., less than 7,000 cooperative members, managed to partially or fully construct their homes. This indicates that the scheme has not fully achieved its intended goal and remains unaffordable for many members. The main challenges faced by cooperative members include lengthy delays in obtaining serviced land, high construction costs, and unrealistic building standards for cooperative housing units. In light of these findings, it is recommended that the Amhara National Regional State revise its housing cooperative policy to become affordable for cooperative housing members, particularly in terms of land acquisition costs and building standards.

Analysis of Community Interest in Village Cooperative Unit in Nagari Tandikek

This research was taken because the writer wanted to know why the Tandikek community's interest in KUD was decreasing. The purpose of this research is to find out the development of KUD Tandikek from the beginning until now and what causes the lack of interest of the Tandikek community in the services of KUD Tandikek. This research method is a qualitative method, the place of this research is KUD Tandikek, one research respondent is taken, namely KUD Tandikek employees. The research instruments used were field observations, interviews and documentation. The author uses data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research findings obtained by the author are KUD Tandikek, village unit cooperatives (KUD), namely cooperatives in rural areas that have an important role in rural communities, especially the agricultural sector. With the development of the business era, KUD Tandikek has decreased, this decline was caused by several factors including the lack of firmness from KUD Tandikek management in terms of savings and loans, many other institutions that match the activities of KUD Tandikek, BRI LINK is increasingly widespread in society. For this reason, a strategy is needed so that KUD Tandikek returns to life and develops in the midst of today's technological advances, one of which is to redevelop existing businesses in KUD Tandikek and improve services to the community by utilizing technological sophistication. From here the author can give the title Analysis of Community Interest in KUD in Nagari Tandikek, Patamuan.

ANALISIS TATA KELOLA DALAM PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI KELAPA SAWIT (Studi Pada Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) Makmur Rezeki di Desa Bulian Jaya Kab. Batang Hari)

Cooperatives are a people's economic movement whose all activities are based on the family principle. Governance is a structure and process in determining the direction and supervision of the company. This thesis aims to determine the governance of the Makmur Rezeki Village Unit Cooperative in its efforts to improve the welfare of oil palm smallholders, and the obstacles faced by the Makmur Rezeki Village Unit Cooperative. This research is a qualitative research, collecting data by means of interviews, observation and documentation. Informants in this study were administrators, employees and members of KUD Makmur Rezeki. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded: The Makmur Rezeki Village Unit Cooperative has made good efforts in maximizing the governance of implementation transparancy, akuntability, responsibility, indepedency, and fairness by providing good service, developing cooperatives, placing employees according to their portions, disclosing information and providing training to members. KUD Makmur Rezeki's efforts to improve the welfare of its members by buying oil palm fruit at relatively high prices, providing agricultural medicines, providing production facilities and providing a savings and loan business. The Makmur Rezeki Village Unit Cooperative has constraints in improving the welfare of cooperative members who come from within and outside the cooperative itself. KUD Makmur Rezeki should try to maximize governance by holding training and coaching for members and administrators of the Makmur Rezeki Village Cooperative Unit, holding outreach to members so they understand more about cooperatives.

Studi Identifikasi Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Kerja Karyawan Koperasi Unit Desa Beringin Jaya I

This study aims to describe the Study of the Factors Influencing Employee Motivation in Beringin Jaya I Village Cooperative Unit. The research method used is a method with a descriptive quantitative approach. The samples in this study were KUD Makmur Jaya employees in Beringin Jaya Village with a total sample of 51 people. Sampling using total sampling technique. The work motivation scale is compiled based on factors that influence work motivation according to Maslow (in Kristanti, 2019) factors that influence work motivation, namely: Physiological Needs, Need for a sense of security (Safety and Security Needs), Social needs or affiliation ( affiliation or acceptance Needs), Needs that reflect self-esteem (Esteem or Status Needs), Self-actualization needs (Self-Actualization), The highest factor that influences work motivation is the factor of the need for a sense of security giving the largest contribution, namely 81.70%., The smallest factor that is influencing work motivation is the need for self-actualization which is equal to 42.50%.

Peran Kelembagaan Petani Dalam Pengembangan Usahatani Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) Di Desa Kendenan Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang

The research aims to determine the existing institutions and the institutional role of farmers in the development of Arabica coffee farming. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling technique. The samples obtained were 14 people. The data analysis used is a qualitative data analysis method. The results showed that there were 3 farmer institutions including: Farmer Groups, Association of Farmer Groups (Gapoktan), Women Farmer Groups (KWT). The institutional role of farmers is the role of farmer groups, namely as a learning unit, as a cooperation unit, and as a production unit. Gapoktan's role is to provide capital and collectively market the results. The role of farmer women's groups, namely, as a unit of cooperation, as a learning unit and as a production unit.

Chemical Protein Unfolding - A Simple Cooperative Model.

Chemical unfolding with guanidineHCl or urea is a common method to study the conformational stability of proteins. The analysis of unfolding isotherms is usually performed with an empirical linear extrapolation method (LEM). A large positive free energy is assigned to the native protein, which is usually considered to be a minimum of the free energy. The method thus contradicts common expectations. Here, we present a multistate cooperative model that addresses specifically the binding of the denaturant to the protein and the cooperativity of the protein unfolding equilibrium. The model is based on a molecular statistical-mechanical partition function of the ensemble, but simple solutions for the calculation of the binding isotherm and the associated free energy are presented. The model is applied to 23 published unfolding isotherms of small and large proteins. For a given denaturant, the binding constant depends on temperature and pH but shows little protein specificity. Chemical unfolding is less cooperative than thermal unfolding. The cooperativity parameter σ is at least 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of thermal unfolding. The multistate cooperative model predicts zero free energy for the native protein, which becomes strongly negative beyond the midpoint concentration of unfolding. The free energy to unfold a cooperative unit corresponds exactly to the diffusive energy of the denaturant concentration gradient necessary for unfolding. The temperature dependence of unfolding isotherms yields the denaturant-induced unfolding entropy and, in turn, the unfolding enthalpy. The multistate cooperative model provides molecular insight and is as simple to apply as the LEM but avoids the conceptual difficulties of the latter.

Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Pada Pusat Koperasi Kartika Sriwijaya

The mission of this final report is to assess the health level of the Kartika Sriwijaya Cooperative Center, with reference to the Guidelines for Assessing the Health of Savings and Loan Cooperatives and Savings and Loan Cooperative Units as stipulated in Deputy Deputy for Supervision Regulation of the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia No. 06/Per/Dep.6/IV/2016. The data collection methods employed in this report include interview techniques and document collection. The data used consist of primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data taken from the financial reports of Kartika Sriwijaya Cooperative Center, including the Balance Sheet and Income Statement. The analysis results indicate that overall, the health level of the Kartika Sriwijaya Cooperative Center during the period 2020-2022 is categorized as "Sufficiently Healthy," with an average score of 69.78. In 2020-2021, the cooperative was in the "Under Supervision" category with a total score of approximately 65.45. However, in 2022, there was an improvement, leading the cooperative to achieve the "Sufficiently Healthy" predicate with a total score of 78.45.

PH Effects on the Conformations of Galacturonan in Solution: Conformational Transition and Loosening, Extension and Stiffness

Calorimetric (from both isothermal micro-calorimetry and DSC), chiro-optical, viscometric and rheological data on aqueous solutions of pectic acid and low-methoxyl pectin (LMP), published over decades from different laboratories, have been comparatively revisited. The aim was to arrive at a consistent and detailed description of the behavior of galacturonan as a function of pH, i.e., of the degree of charging (as degree of dissociation, α) of the polyanion. The previously hypothesized pH-induced transition from a 31 to a 21 helix was definitely confirmed, but it has been shown, for the first time, that the transition is always coupled with loosening/tightening effects brought about by an increase in charge. The latter property has a twofold effect: the former effect is a purely physical one (polyelectrolytic), which is always a loosening one. However, in the very low range of pH and before the beginning of the transition, an increase in charge tightens the 31 helix by strengthening an intramolecular—but inter-residue—hydrogen bond. The value of the enthalpy change of 31 → 21 transition—+0.59 kcal·mol−1—is bracketed by those provided by theoretical modeling, namely +0.3 and +0.8 kcal·mol−1; the corresponding entropy value is also positive: +1.84 cal·mole r.u.−1·K−1. The enthalpic and the entropic changes in chain loosening amount only to about 23% of the corresponding 31 → 21 changes, respectively. Much like poly(galacturonic acid), the 31 conformation of LMP also stiffens on passing from pH = 2.5 to 3.0, to then start loosening and transforming into the 21 one on passing to pH = 4.0. Lowering the pH of a salt-free aqueous solution of LMP down to 1.6 brings about a substantial chain–chain association, which is at the root of the interchain junctions stabilizing the acid pH gels, in full agreement with the rheological results. A comparison of the enthalpic data reveals that, at 85 °C, LMP in acidic pH conditions has lost its initial order by about 2.3 times more than pectic acid brought from low charging to full neutralization (at α = 1.0) at 25 °C. A proper combination of experiments (enthalpic measurements) and theory (counterion condensation polyelectrolyte theory) succeeded in demonstrating, for the first time ever, a lyotropic/Hofmeister effect of the anion perchlorate in stabilizing the more disordered form of the 21 helix of galacturonan. The viscometric results in water showed that the 31 helix is capable of forming longer rheologically cooperative units compared with the 21 helix. Extrapolation to infinite ionic strength confirmed that, once all electrostatic interactions are cancelled, the elongation of the two helical forms is practically the same. At the same time, however, they indicated that the flexibility of the two-fold helix is more than fifteen times larger than that of the three-fold one. The result is nicely corroborated by a critical revisiting of 23Na relaxation experiments.

Assembly landscape for the bacterial large ribosomal subunit

Assembly of ribosomes in bacteria is highly efficient, taking ~2-3 min, but this makes the abundance of assembly intermediates very low, which is a challenge for mechanistic understanding. Genetic perturbations of the assembly process create bottlenecks where intermediates accumulate, facilitating structural characterization. We use cryo-electron microscopy, with iterative subclassification to identify intermediates in the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit from E. coli. The analysis of the ensemble of intermediates that spans the entire biogenesis pathway for the 50 S subunit was facilitated by a dimensionality reduction and cluster picking approach using PCA-UMAP-HDBSCAN. The identity of the cooperative folding units in the RNA with associated proteins is revealed, and the hierarchy of these units reveals a complete assembly map for all RNA and protein components. The assembly generally proceeds co-transcriptionally, with some flexibility in the landscape to ensure efficiency for this central cellular process under a variety of growth conditions.