Cooperative Principle Research Articles

The Principle of Cooperation in Service Communication Conversations

This research aims to (1) describe the form of compliance and language function of the principle of cooperation in service communication conversations at the Muhammadiyah University of Malang Library, 2) describe violations and factors that influence the principle of cooperation in service communication conversations at the Muhammadiyah University of Malang Library. This type of research method is qualitative with a case study research approach. The research data is about the principles of cooperation in service communication conversations at the Muhammadiyah University of Malang Library. The data source comes from primary data sources in the form of dialogue text fragments in recorded service communication conversations that occurred between students and library staff at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The data collection technique was carried out using the note-taking method. Then, the data analysis technique is carried out by analyzing the data by reducing the data, presenting the data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research analysis show (1) there are four forms of compliance with the maxims of cooperation principles, which include the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relevance, and the maxim of manner. There are two language functions found in compliance with these maxims, including assertive and directive language functions. The function of assertive language, namely stating, is found in the maxim of quantity and the maxim of quality, while the function of directive language, namely commanding, is found in the maxim of relevance and the maxim of manner, (2) there are two forms of violation of the maxim of the principle of cooperation which include the maxim of quantity and the maxim of relevance. There are also factors that influence the occurrence of violations of these maxims. Violations that occur in the maxim of quantity are influenced by situational factors and conditions that are being experienced. Meanwhile, violations of the maxim of relevance are influenced by the lack of known information.

A Study of Verbal Humor in Man with a Plan from the Perspective of Cooperative Principle

Man with a Plan, starring Golden Globe winner Matt LeBlanc, is a distinct representative of American sitcoms. The language in the play is close to real life and extremely humorous. There are a large number of conversational fragments in all kinds of situations that defy the maxim of the cooperative principle and create unexpected humorous effects. This paper attempts to adopt the cooperative principle theory of Grice to analyze the speech phenomenon that violates the cooperative principle in the dramas and figure out the production mechanism of verbal humor and its particularized conversational implicature from the quantity, quality, relation and manner maxims respectively.

Exploring the Communicative Dynamics of Emily Dickinson's "Hope" is the thing with feathers through the Lens of the Cooperative Principle

This research aims to analyses Emily Dickinson's poem "Hope" is the thing with the feathers using the cooperative principle as a conceptual framework. The study employs a qualitative approach to analyse the language and rhetorical attributes of the poems, revealing layers of significance and potential interpretations. Paul Grice's cooperation principle and its associated maxims provide the theoretical framework for this study, emphasizing the importance of lucidity, pertinence, and significance in effective communication. The research enhances our understanding of Dickinson's lyrical brilliance and exploration of universal issues, including the concept of hope, by situating the results within her extensive body of work. It also highlights the reciprocal effect of Dickinson's works and the progression of ideas over time. By analysing the use of symbolism and metaphor in Dickinson's poetry, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the concept of hope and how these literary devices enhance its exploration and expression.

Main Character Analysis in “Great Expectations” Based on Cooperative Principle Theory

“Great Expectations” is one of representative novels written by the British writer Charles Dickens. It shows the growth of the protagonist Pip. Compared with Dickens’s other works, predecessors have done less research on “Great Expectations” and mainly focused on the theme and personalities. However, few studies analyze the personalities of the main characters in “Great Expectations” from the perspective of pragmatics through conversations in the novel. This thesis attempts to use Cooperative Principle to explore the four main characters of Pip, Estella, Joe, and Havisham. The study finds that the use of the four maxims of Cooperative Principle can effectively grasp the pragmatic strategies of the main characters in Great Expectations, revealing the different personalities of the main characters in this novel, and help readers understand and appreciate “Great Expectations” better.

WHY EFFECTIVE INTERGOVERNMENTAL GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS ARE IMPORTANT BEYOND 2024

The relevance of local governments is frequently defended based on municipalities’ novel contribution towards the promotion of democratisation and also the intensification of community participation in decision-making due to its close proximity to its citizens. However, the departing premise hereto is also that the realisation of a democratic and accountable government likewise depends on the degree of functionality of every municipal council. Volatility in governance structures like councils can therefore adversely compromise democratic and accountable governance, for example in cases of hung councils. In recent years, local coalition governments have been seen more frequently, partly due to the number of hang councils in South Africa. This can indirectly be attributed to the decline of support of the current ruling party in the Republic and, equally, the inability of other parties to obtain a clear majority during local government elections (Netswera & Khumalo 2022:1). This article investigates the effectiveness of national and provincial mechanisms strengthening an accountable and democratic local government Premier, Gauteng and Others v Democratic Alliance and Others matter. Through the doctrinal legal research, the authors used an analysis of primary sources on South African local government legislation and the impact the Premier, Gauteng and Others v Democratic Alliance and Others; All Tshwane Councillors who are Members of the Economic Freedom Fighters and Another v Democratic Alliance and Others; African National Congress v Democratic Alliance and Others (CCT 82/20; CCT 91/20) [2021] ZACC 34; 2021 (12) BCLR 1406 (CC); 2022 (1) SA 16 (CC) (4 October 2021) case have on hung councils. The research benefitted from secondary sources such as research reports, publications, journal articles and books. It follows that successful coalition councils are founded on the principles of cooperation and trust. Therefore, interventions as solitary intergovernmental mechanisms cannot remedy accountability and governance failures in municipalities, caused by coalition fallouts. Still, when a break between coalition partners ensues, accountable governance suffers because of the resulting volatility caused by the political standoff. The intergovernmental governance mechanisms, in isolation, are ineffective in sustaining and ensuring an accountable and democratic local government. Whereas, coalitions governments are the primary cause of volatility and dysfunctionality in municipalities, it remains the responsibility of coalitions to step up and execute their constitutional obligations as responsible executive actors in the local government area, to ensure accountable governance. In the absence thereof, coalitions must be held liable for the failure to execute their constitutional responsibilities

Primary schools: Spaces for children’s social and emotional learning

Primary schools are crucial for children’s academic and social development, and in recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on incorporating socio-emotional development into the curriculum. Positive peet interactions and experiences at school, a key element of children’s social lives, facilitate their positive social and psychological development. Linked to peer relationships within school settings are core skills such as emotion regulation and prosociality. Emotion regulation plays a crucial role in shaping social connections, well-being, relationship satisfaction, and mental health, significantly affecting emotional expression, behaviour, and the quality of social interactions. Prosociality is seen to personally benefit children, by improving their mental health and wellbeing, and it also provides children with the skills needed to establish or develop communities based on principles of cooperation and belonging. In this commentary, our goal is to delve into current research on socio-emotional learning and interactional experiences within schoot settings, focusing on how emotion regulation and pro-social behaviour influence children’s experiences at school. We recommend that schools need to enhance the overall wellbeing and social development of children by fostering positive school environments, encouraging healthy peer relationships, and offering opportunities for the development of socio-emotional regulation skills, as well as prosocial behaviour.

Principles for cooperation in legal services of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

The development of interregional legal service cooperation in the SCO is an important measure within the SCO to align with the strategy of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union and serve economic and trade exchanges. Legal service cooperation involves the transfer of judicial sovereignty, and on the basis of respecting the sovereignty of member states, political mutual trust should be enhanced through consultation, co-construction and sharing, and cooperation should be gradually promoted to higher quality and deeper development, and finally an equal, open and win-win cooperation order should be established.

The Spanish Model of State Decentralization – Principles of Functioning of Self-local Government

The article examines the specificities of local self-government in Spain. The Constitution of Spain established a system of division of powers between the state and autonomous communities and specifies the content of two types of autonomy: territorial and local, each of which has a different legal nature. In Spain, an optimal balance between centralization and decentralization has been achieved, which depends on the order in which competences are distributed between the central government, the regions and the local government bodies, the scope of its competences and the principles of cooperation with the state and regional authorities.

LUBA PEOPLE AND POLITENESS IN THEIR EVERYDAY SPEECHES

I totally agree with Ayad Hameed Mahmood (2018), as he states that in the last few decades, communicative competence has received special attention in the field of language teaching and learning. Politeness has become one of the most active areas of research in language use by increasing interest in Grice’s (1975) cooperative principles (Chen, 2007). Studies from Brown and Levinson (1987) and Scollon and Scollon (1995) have aroused increasing attention in the study of politeness. The present article shed light on the way Luba people, one of numerous tribes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, use politeness in their daily speeches. The aim is to provide Ciluba speakers with some literatures concerning their language as far as politeness is concerned, and the non-speakers of ciluba with some basic linguistic elements of that language, in case they happen to learn it. African continent is generally characterized by strong respect between its people. Bound to their culture, Africans feel much respect for members of their community (Ngondombo 2021). Luba areas, as part of African society, are characterized by their notoriousness as far as politeness is concerned. Lots of examples can be given to support this point of view of an old Congolese. For instance, to behave politely, a man cannot talk face to face with his mother-inlaw, or when addressing an old man the young boy or girl cannot stare at him in the eyes. Ladies must kneel when they serve men. It is impolite for a woman to pass between men, for instance. If they are asked to eat in the same plate with adults, young people must wait until the elder should start eating first, etc.

Pragmatic Analysis of the Translation and Discourse of Surat-Al-Fatiha: A Gracian Approach

The Study in hands is inspired to study the language of the Holy Quran and its translation to understand the meanings that have been incorporated in the translation of the original text. The researcher took the translation of Jhon Arthur Arberry as a sample for the analysis. It also tries to identify the pragmatic meaning that is lost in the translation. The research adopts a qualitative approach in the analysis of data and discusses different elements under the given methodology. The Study utilizes “pragmatic discourse analysis” and takes Grice’s cooperative principles as a tool for the analysis of source text and target text. The application of the principles has made it easy to draw the connection between the verses of the chapter and their translations. It is observed that the source text is following the principles in totality and no violation or flouting has been observed. Nonetheless, the translation renders the loss of meaning and falls short to convey the meaning as efficiently as the source text of the Holy book. The research also validates that the study of context is necessary for the understanding of implicature.

Flouting Grice’s Maxims in a Jordanian TV Talk Show

This study investigates flouting Grice’s maxims in Sawt Al-Mamlakah, a Jordanian TV talk show. Itaims at identifying the types, functions, and frequency of these flouted maxims. Using descriptive qualitative research, the data were analysed within Grice’s (1975) conversational maxims.The study findings reveal that all four maxims were flouted, with quantity being the most flouted, followed by relation, manner, and quality, respectively. Strategies for flouting included evading questions, providing lengthy or irrelevant responses, and sometimes creating a fun atmosphere. Communication breakdowns were not common though they were observed in a few instances. Flouting appeared context-dependent, serving various purposes like collaboration, elaboration, maintaining social relationships, politeness, image protection, expressing agreement or disagreement, satisfaction or dissatisfaction, refraining from sharing sensitive information, and emphasizing points. The study recommends further research on the same show over other periods of time and onmaxim flouting in other Arab talk shows. Keywords: Grice’s maxims, Flouting, Cooperative principle, Implicatures, TV talk show

The Preventive Role of Combating Corruption in the Business World in Light of International Legislation

Interest in combating corruption crimes in the business world has increased recently, as it is considered one of the most important risks that threaten the stability of the global economic, security and political system. Combating the phenomenon of corruption in the business world requires integrated efforts not only at the national level but also at the international and regional levels. Accordingly, countries have entered into international agreements and participated in international and regional organizations and conferences to determine the causes and motives of this phenomenon and to know the means to address it. As well as to benefit from the standards established and established by international efforts, and this is represented by ratifying them in its internal law to achieve the principle of international cooperation and coexistence between these legal systems to confront the problems brought by the phenomenon of corruption, to strengthen the will of the state with the will of the international community in order for efforts and positions to be unified in a way that leads to strengthening the preventive role and internationalization. The solutions to confront this phenomenon and ensure the implementation of the rulings issued to confront it. As a result, the international community realized that corruption in the business world is an international phenomenon that crosses borders and affects all countries negatively and in all fields. Therefore, the parties of this society and all its governmental and non-governmental international and regional institutions took the initiative to activate the preventive role as well as Confront and eliminating this phenomenon through the important roles taken by these parties

Культурная деятельность Европейского Союза: программный подход

The European Union was created primarily on an economic basis, not on the principles of cultural cooperation. Cultural policy has been developed in the EU gradually, for quite a long time. As the emphasis in the activities of the European Union shifted from purely economic interests to political and socio-cultural spheres, the need for the formation of a European identity began to increase. In this regard, there is a need for the formation of a single cultural space, and hence a cultural policy that contributes to the achievement of pan-European goals. Culture should have become one of the factors contributing to the unification of people not only at the political and economic level, but also at the level of consciousness: citizens of different EU member states should, in theory, perceive themselves as a whole, as representatives of one territory with common cultural values. The first Cultural Activity Plan was adopted by the European Commission in early 1977. By the mid-1980s, when satellite radio broadcasting became widespread, conditions were created for a «common market for television broadcasting», and after a series of political and public debates, the directive «Television without Borders» was adopted in 1989. The European Commission was also engaged in the protection of cultural and historical heritage, the provision of creative scholarships, support for literary translation, and individual cultural events. All this was financed by the European Social Fund, the European Regional Development Fund, etc.

Information security: international legal aspects of its provision

The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the globalization of the information space, which arises in connection with the intensive development of information technologies, which implies the need to develop new approaches to ensuring information security. Based on the principles of sovereign equality and international cooperation, States interact with each other in the common interest (including in the legal field), develop basic principles and norms on which the legal foundation for the legal provision of international information security is based. The author states that the importance of implementing coordinated measures by participants in international legal interaction in this area is due to the fact that if information security is an integral part of national security, then international information security is an immanent element of international security, without which it is impossible to build a system of secure interstate cooperation in modern realities. The author applied the method of theoretical analysis in the process of research, the conclusions are based on a formally logical method. The main conclusion of the author of the study is the following position: the goals of maintaining the state of security of the global information space may be unattainable without proper cooperation (in particular, organizational and legal in nature) in solving problems related to ensuring international information security at several levels of interaction: bilateral, regional, global. The high level of interdependence of countries and the need to ensure the principle of indivisibility of security form the global need to find compromises and common approaches in ensuring international information security. The definition of a single conceptual framework that does not allow ambiguity, contradictions and terminological uncertainty, as well as the basic principles that are the legal foundation of the legal regulation of international information security, should be implemented by developing a single international treaty. This conclusion is due to the ineffectiveness of the norms of "soft law" and international morality based on the principles of voluntary fulfillment of obligations implemented in the process of interstate interaction.

Формирование ценностей в международном праве: историко-правовой анализ

At present, in the transitional period of the evolution of the international legal system, it becomes more relevant than ever to turn to historical and legal studies of various aspects of the formation of international law, to search for political and legal constants, evolutionary regularities, legal traditions and, of course, legal values formed at previous stages, because it is they who keep the results of past legal activity and allow understanding and reforming the current legal systems, determining the conceptual vectors of development. Legal values, among other things, have a direct normative form. First of all, these are principles of law as basic principles reflecting the general format of legal regulation in a particular legal system at a particular stage of its development. Principles allow building a legal system in accordance with the (ideal) attitudes of society, their nonrecognition or ignoring leads to various kinds of conflict situations in society. Principles of law are designed to fulfil the axiological function, which consists in the fact that they include the understanding of values in law, in the legal system, legislate the basis of the legal ideal. International law, as well as national law, can certainly be considered as an object of value relation from the standpoint of the categories of good and evil, true and untrue, permissible or prohibited, just and unjust. International law as an independent legal system has been recognised since the 19th century, at the same time, as a result of the intensification of international relations, international law was actively developed. In parallel, the corresponding international legal values began to be formed, including those reflected in the principles of international law, which in this period have not yet been legally formalised, however, on the basis of the analysis of international legal relations can be formulated. In the author's opinion, such principles include the principle of co-operation, the principle of settling disputes by peaceful means, the prohibition of trade in Negroes, and the legal status of diplomatic representatives and consular agents. These principles are directly related to the international legal values that were in the process of formation. In the course of the conducted research it was established that in the XIX century, the period of active formation of international law, including the formation and formalisation of international legal values took place. Despite the fact that the considered legal values and relevant principles back in the XIX century, we cannot but note that they have their direct significance for modern international law. Moreover, international legal values are in direct relationship with the legal values of individual states and influence national legal systems and their values.

Податковий закон у контексті податкового законодавства Німеччини

The study of the structural-compositional, lexical-semantic and communicative-pragmatic characteristics of the texts of the tax laws of the Federal Republic of Germany made it expedient to first present the results of the study of their compositional structure. This was facilitated by two factors: 1) any addressee to whom instructional texts are directed, in particular the reader of tax texts, pays primary attention to the appearance of the works (their vertical and horizontal structure) in order to determine those fragments that are of immediate interest for achieving a specific goals; 2) structural elements are easier to define than semantic ones, often inaccessible at the surface level. The collegial author tries to create such a text of the tax law that it would be part of the cultural «potential» of the addressee, would reflect and document institutionally fixed forms of communication, and would also prevent the emergence of serious legal problems. The creation of any text is directly related to the realization of the author's intention using pragmatic means, that is, a collegial author, creating texts of tax laws, takes into account the communication situation and consciously chooses language and speech means to convey the necessary information to the collective addressee, ensures the semantic and communicative unity of the text, members it compositionally, directs information to a certain type of addressee. The intention of the addressee/author is aimed not only at the correct construction of the text, but also at ensuring its understanding by the addressee/recipient. Texts of tax legislation are characterized by communicative and pragmatic features due to the observance/violation of cooperative maxims of quantity, relevance, quality and method of use/ style, realization of the collegial author's intention, cooperative macro-strategy, strategies, tactics, linguopragmatic techniques of impersonalization, mitigation and nominalization.

Reconciling truthfulness and relevance as epistemic and decision-theoretic utility.

People use language to influence others' beliefs and actions. Yet models of communication have diverged along these lines, formalizing the speaker's objective in terms of either the listener's beliefs or actions. We argue that this divergence lies at the root of a longstanding controversy over the Gricean maxims of truthfulness and relevance. We first bridge the divide by introducing a speaker model which considers both the listener's beliefs (epistemic utility) and their actions (decision-theoretic utility). We show that formalizing truthfulness as an epistemic utility and relevance as a decision-theoretic utility reconciles the tension between them, readily explaining puzzles such as context-dependent standards of truthfulness. We then test a set of novel predictions generated by our model. We introduce a new signaling game which decouples utterances' truthfulness and relevance, then use it to conduct a pair of experiments. Our first experiment demonstrates that participants jointly maximize epistemic and decision-theoretic utility, rather than either alone. Our second experiment shows that when the two conflict, participants make a graded tradeoff rather than prioritizing one over the other. These results demonstrate that human communication cannot be reduced to influencing beliefs or actions alone. Taken together, our work provides a new foundation for grounding rational communication not only in what we believe, but in what those beliefs lead us to do. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

基于合作原则分析电影《弱点》中的会话含义

基于合作原则分析电影《弱点》中的会话含义

A Study of Humor from the Perspective of Cooperative Principles—Taking “Super Sketch Show” as an Example

A Study of Humor from the Perspective of Cooperative Principles—Taking “Super Sketch Show” as an Example

Listening Material Analysis and Teaching Suggestions for Senior High School Entrance Examination under the Background of Cooperation Principle

Listening Material Analysis and Teaching Suggestions for Senior High School Entrance Examination under the Background of Cooperation Principle