Cooperative Operations Research Articles

Youth perceptions of, and willingness to join Irish dairy cooperatives and their governance

Given the aging population of Irish dairy farmers, the future success of dairy cooperatives cannot be guaranteed without meaningful youth membership or share ownership. This study aimed to determine the factors that influenced the decision to own shares, the willingness of young people to purchase shares, and to join boards in Irish dairy cooperatives. The sample size consisted of 255 randomly selected young people below 40 years from Ireland. The binary logit regression model was used to run three regressions. The findings revealed that the majority of the young people were willing to join the cooperative and its board. The young people perceived cooperatives as adding value to farmers’ livelihoods and considered farmer control, fair price on products, and good governance as the key cooperative attributes. Factors such as age and involvement in cooperatives had a positive impact or were more likely to influence current share ownership. Involvement or exposure to cooperative operations and having parents in cooperatives increased the likelihood of young people’s willingness to buy shares in the future. The perceived openness of agricultural boards, being a graduate, and interest in attending board information sessions, increased the likelihood of young people’s willingness to join the board. • Young people value farmer control, fair price and good governance. • Age, family shares and cooperative exposure influence youth interest in share ownership. • Education, board openness and information sessions influence youth interest to join the board.

Intelligent scheduling method for multi-machine cooperative operation based on NSGA-III and improved ant colony algorithm

Aiming at the problems of over-reliance on traditional manual harvest operation experience and lack of dispatching planning scheme under the environment of insufficient grain trucks in agricultural harvest scenario. A multi-objective combined optimization intelligent scheduling model of harvesters and grain transport vehicles was established to save agricultural machinery resources, and improve the overall efficiency of harvesters and transport vehicles, to meet the constraints of plot location, task number, operation time window, and path planning. The model was solved by an intelligent search algorithm, and an intelligent scheduling method of command multi-machine cooperative operation based on NSGA-III and an improved ant colony algorithm was proposed. When the harvester is full loaded, there is non harvest area on one side of the grain unloading cylinder, there the grain truck can not reach and unload cooperatively. To solve this problem, the prediction method of early unloading point was designed and further improved by determining the workload constraints and time constraints. When solving the model, the reference point setting in NSGA-III can ensure the diversity of the population. And then the ant colony algorithm that sets the detour vertex instead of the grid map is used to solve the optimal command call time and the optimal unloading position, and then the dynamic time window and the local dynamic obstacle avoidance path of the transport machine are divided. Finally, the designed model can output an accurate scheduling planning scheme with deployment information. It can be seen from the simulation test that the scheduling model established, and the solution algorithm designed in this research can obtain many groups of good optimization results. Moreover, it can make the unproductive waiting time of harvester 0, and minimize the transfer distance and number of grain transporters. This method can be combined closely with the practical application of unmanned farms, which lays a theoretical foundation for improving the efficiency of multi-machine cooperative operations.

Ratio of Liquidity, Profitability and Activity to the Remaining Profit of Cooperatives in Sidoarjo Regency

This research aims analyze the effect of liquidity ratio, profitability, and activity on the amount of the remaining operating results of cooperatives in Sidoarjo Regency in 2019-2020. This research uses secondary data. This research method uses quantitative, the population in this study is 720 active cooperatives in Sidoarjo Regency and 21 cooperatives during 2019-2020 period which are used as research samples. The sample selection in this research was taken with the type of probability sampling with a simple random sampling method. Data collection techniques using documentation. The data analysis technique used SPSS version 26. The results in this research indicate that the liquidity ratio partially affects the amount of the remaining operating results of cooperatives, the profitability ratio partially has no effect on the amount of the remaining operating results of cooperatives, and the activity ratio partially has no effect on the amount of the remaining results of cooperative operations.

An Electronic Company Employees’ Multi-Purpose Cooperative: Analysis of Cooperative’s Financial Performance During the Pandemic for Fy 2019 – 2021

This study aims to evaluate the audited financial statements of the Electronic Company Employees' Multi-Purpose Cooperative.The findings and results serveas the basis for recommendations on how to raise the cooperative's financial performance.This study aims to provide potential courses of action and approaches that could help in improving cooperative financial operations for the years 2019 to 2021 using Financial Statement Performance Analysis as its main tool. In order to calculate the financial ratios and provide a comparative financial statement for the Electronic Company Employees' Multi-Purpose Cooperative, this study used documentary analysis as a technique. For the purpose of analyzing the Employees' Multi-Purpose Cooperative's business operations, the researcher gathered the documents from the data mined there. The results of the study are expected to aid Cooperative in improving.To ascertain such, the proponents established Employees’ Multi-Purpose Cooperative performance using the financial statement analysis; comparative statement of financial position, comparative statement of comprehensive income (Horizontal and Vertical Analysis), and statement of cash flow analysis. The ratios that evaluate profitability and performance that were utilized are as follows (1) Operating Profit Margin (2) Current Ratio (3) Debt Ratio and (4) Debt to Equity Ratio (5) Return On Assets and (6) Return On Equity.The following conclusions were reached after studying the financial statement in comparison analysis: The current assets are slightly up by 6%, especially the loans and accounts receivable from 2019 to 2020 and 0.88% for 2020 to 2021. Since the cooperative is a lending and savings business, member loans, capital accumulation, deposits, and other investments of the assets account for the majority of the cooperative's earnings. It was said that for the first two (2) months of coverage, the multinational Electronic Company, where the member-owners of the cooperative work, was in lockdown and pre-pandemic circumstances. Due to the Electronic Company's "No Work, No Pay" policy, there were no collections during that time period. As a result, throughout that time there are stagnant assets and fewer obligations. It is a result of decreasing member savings, rising non-performing loans, restricted debt recovery, and withdrawals from membership. This also has an impact on the restricted cash-in and cash-out, which raises the amount of cash and cash equivalent by roughly 50.95% for year 2020~2021, but results in low loan releases because the borrowers have already taken full advantage of all available loans, thus the situation becomes stationary. Total liabilities for the cooperative went up by 9% from 2019 to 2020 and went down by 2.44% from 2020 to 2021. As it is not earning at the time of the epidemic but will instead pay the necessary earned interest, this strengthens the cooperative's claim that it has duties, notably to the deposit liabilities. However, the cooperative has sufficient cash on hand to cover its short-term debts and obligations. The result of its profitability ratios such as Operating Profit Margin and Return on Assets was mostly considered as good, which means the cooperative can pay itsobligations to the members anytime. It is also determined that the cooperative services had a better debt ratio, which means that the liabilities are lower compared with the assets. Anytime the depositor withdraws their deposits it can immediately be released and pay offmembers’ obligations and it means that the cooperative is ata low-risk level, based on the comparative financial statements, the cooperative is able to generate profits from its operations. The following recommendations were offered as a result that the profitability ratios explaining that the business was less well utilizing its assets.Outside of its current operations, the cooperative is encouraged to make investments for the benefit of its members. Management of hotel operations, joint transportation ventures, gas station linking to vehicle loans as captured market by members who own vehicles or cars, medical care, health insurance, mortuary services, apartment and boarding houses where many of the workers in Lapu-Lapu come from outside Cebu are examples of joint ventures made with other existing cooperatives. In the Visayas region, specifically in the Philippines, Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City, and Cebu, it is also possible to have housing loan or real estate as a developer for the members and extend to the community level because the area needs a basic and affordable shelter and turns into their own assets for them to safely keep their individual living.

Significances and Implications to Members' Socioeconomic Aspects of Pavia Administrator, Faculty, and Staff Multipurpose Cooperative (PAFSMPC) Services and Operations Amidst Pandemic

Significances and Implications to Members' Socioeconomic Aspects of Pavia Administrator, Faculty, and Staff Multipurpose Cooperative (PAFSMPC) Services and Operations Amidst Pandemic

Pendampingan Kewirausahaan dalam Tema: “NGIPIK Sebagai Kelurahan Kampung Berdaya”, melalui Pengembangan Koperasi Srikandi Berbakti (Kelurahan Ngipik, Kecamatan Gresik)

The rapid development of industry triggers a reality that every region must have independence. Therefore, efforts to improve welfare continue to be carried out. One of the activities that can be done is entrepreneurship and cooperatives. The support of village officials and companies can also support the realization of regional independence. However, the reality on the ground as experienced by Kelurahan Ngipik, Kecamatan Gresik with products branded “Rosella Telaga Ngipik” and Cooperative Srikandi Berbakti” is actually different. There are weaknesses and imperfections in the implementation of business and cooperative operations. Motivation and skills that are not yet strong enough to be built in human resources can hinder the achievement of welfare. Lecture community methods, such as: demonstrations and discussions can improve the ability of business managers and cooperative administrators. Community activities went smoothly, namely: community service participants were able to understand entrepreneurship and digital marketing issue.

Management Practices of Cooperatives: Roadmap Towards Improved Performance and Sustainability

The pandemic has demonstrated the cooperatives’ preparation, preparedness, and ability to respond to the needs of their members and the community. The study aimed to assess the level of management practices observed by the cooperatives and to identify constraints faced in their operations before and during the pandemic. A quantitative research method was used. Interviews were performed in person and over-the-phone. Survey questionnaires were developed and put through a pilot test. Moreover, a Google form link was provided to respondents who wished to respond online. Minitab, a statistical tool, was used to aid with all data analysis. It has been discovered that cooperatives can significantly enhance their financial performance by properly managing their working capital, capital structure, and capital budgeting. Non-financial management techniques were also significant to cooperatives’ development. This work, in particular, provides vital information for comprehending the intricacies of many topics connected to cooperative operations.

Deep-Sea Underwater Cooperative Operation of Manned/Unmanned Submersible and Surface Vehicles for Different Application Scenarios

In this paper, we propose three cooperative operational modes of manned and unmanned submersibles for a range of different deep-sea application scenarios. For large-scale exploration, a lander or an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) is paired with one or more autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), while the liberated research vessel R/V can transport the manned submersible to another area for diving operations. When manned submersibles and AUVs perform small-scale accurate measurements, the research vessel R/V supports both submersible types for diving operations and has a positioning and communication time allocation mechanism for cooperative operations. Through the analysis of the operating efficiency of different modes, we found that the cooperative operational mode based on the pure research vessel R/V is suitable for local small-scale accurate detection, and the cooperative operational mode based on the USV/lander system is suitable for large-scale and long-distance underwater operations.

A Study of Fire Drone Extinguishing System in High-Rise Buildings

Firefighting in high-rise buildings remains a difficult problem in the world because fire extinguishing equipment and tactics have many deficiencies in dealing with such building fires, especially for buildings higher than 50 m. In the present study, the LY100 fire extinguishing system is taken as an example to introduce the application of the fire drone in the fire control of high-rise buildings. The LY100 fire extinguishing system mainly contains the twin-rotor drone, high-pressure liquid fire extinguishing equipment, pressure fire extinguishing equipment, associated vehicle and extinguishing agent. The LY100 system can be deployed quickly and operated flexibly. Based on such advantages, the indoor fire, exterior thermal insulation layer fire and top platform fire of high-rise building can be extinguished in a timely manner with the LY100 system. In addition, four kinds of firefighting tactics are described in this paper, including one drone operation, double drone cooperative operation, three or more drone cooperative operations, and cooperating with the lifting fire truck. Finally, the experiments are presented to verify the spraying distance of the fire drone system.

Wireless Radar Sensor Networks: Epidemiological Modeling and Optimization

To extend the conventional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to support wider applications such as intruder detection and border security monitoring, active radar sensors are introduced into WSNs to further enhance their capability, thus forming wireless radar sensor networks (WRSNs). To improve the network efficiency, the technology of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) can be applied to co-design the sensing and communication functionalities of radar sensors. Since the cooperative operations of WRSNs require effective information interaction among radar sensors, data dissemination techniques need to be investigated, which become even more critical in desolate areas without the coverage of the base stations (BSs). Therefore, in this paper, a duty cycling mechanism is applied to the network to enhance the usage of WRSNs and support data dissemination, where a storage node is deployed to store the data spreading from radar sensors and a mobile data collector is employed to collect the data from the storage node periodically. Then, the epidemic theory, as an innovative tool for modeling data dissemination, is adopted to analyze the performance of WRSNs. After epidemiological modeling, the density of radar sensors is optimized by the epidemiological analytical method to maximize the throughput of the storage node by jointly considering the functions of radar detection and communication. Simulation results validate the accuracy of analysis, which also show the efficiency of the optimization for data dissemination.

Health Security Ideas of Major Political Groups and the US Military Government during the Liberation Period (1945-1948) in Korea.

The liberation period in Korea was when creative imagination and various debates existed about plans for political, economic, and social systems. Among them was the debate over the national health security underlying the social safety net. Although the US influenced the Korean health security after liberation, major political groups on the Korean peninsula also expressed various opinions. However, previous studies have shown little interest in national health security, which operates the public health and medical care systems. To overcome these limitations, this study focuses on the ideas on national health security presented by major political groups, analyzing the reply proposal of "Jŏnpyŏng" and the health care proposal of the US military government, which has not been reviewed before. The opinions of major political groups including the right-wing Im-hyŏp and left-wing Min-chŏn diverged on national health security issue regarding insurance coverage, measures to secure financial resources, items of insurance benefits, and measures to stabilize the supply and demand of medical personnel. The claims of the US military government can be understood by "Labor Problems and Policies in Korea (Korean Subcommittee)," "Korean Labor Report (Stewart Meacham)," and "Proposed Political Platform Provisional Korean Democratic Government (Sub-commission #2)." The major political groups and the US military government agreed on the need for social protection against death, old age, disability, disease, injury, and unemployment. All of them claimed national health security, in which the roles of the private sector and the government were mixed, should be gradually introduced. The major political groups, in particular, proposed to (1) set workers as beneficiaries of insurance, (2) share financial resources jointly among the state, employers, and workers, and (3) promote the expansion of the number of doctors and medical institutions and prefer cooperative operations of the hospitals established in small administrative units. This paper argues that the ideas on national health security during the liberation period did not completely deviate from the global trend immediately after World War II when countries tried to expand the number of people covered by national health security and strengthen its coverage. Although these ideas were not fully reflected in the Constitution of 1948, it is significant in that the Constitution codified for the first time the state's responsibility for those who have no ability for living due to their health conditions.

Dynamic Posture Prediction Model in Informationized Combat Environment

The several local wars that broke out at the turn of the century have shown to the world that the rapid development of high and new technology with information technology as the core is effectively promoting the pace of world military reform, and its most essential feature is information dominance. In local wars under modern high-tech conditions, rapid response and multiarms joint and coordinated operations have become the key factors to win, which requires multiarms, multiweapon platforms, and each combat unit software to work autonomously and dynamically. This research mainly discusses the dynamic posture prediction model in the informationized combat environment. It designs the organization of command elements, related data (products and tools), competency, personnel matching checklists, and activities in joint operational planning and relies on activities to model the binding of groups, capabilities, and related data. Finally, it forms process segments through the combined design of activities and then sets the final state and background knowledge constraints on the process segments to construct the process knowledge, turning each combat unit into an agent unit, so that the combat software unit has the performance characteristics of the agent’s autonomy, reactivity, and sociality. At the same time, it has good communication performance and autonomous negotiation ability, so it can realize the autonomous connection, communication, and cooperative work among multiagent systems. During the process execution or business processing, the seat staff can input the goal and background of the activity according to the current operating environment. It relies on the background constraints of the process knowledge to quickly match the corresponding process knowledge, insert the process fragments in the process knowledge into the original process, realize the rapid and efficient decomposition of the process redefinition, and effectively ensure the orderly development of the combat command. Techniques and methods for automating integration testing of combat systems are provided. These technologies are further applied to the process of combat system integration tests to improve the efficiency of combat system integration. In addition, through the research on the integration testing technology of combat systems, the problems of low generality of integration testing software and many structural repetitive codes can also be solved and the existing integration testing technology can be further improved. In the research, the time-consuming of the script interpretation module accounts for a relatively low proportion of about 5% of the simulation. The article embodies the platform to explore the realization of multiagent-based dynamic cooperative operations, to achieve the purpose of simulating the battlefield situation, rehearsing the combat plan, and evaluating the strike effect. This study will improve the efficiency of overall combat system integration.

Nonvolatile van der Waals Heterostructure Phototransistor for Encrypted Optoelectronic Logic Circuit.

With the rising demand for information security, there has been a surge of interest in harnessing the intrinsic physical properties of device for designing a secure logic circuit. Here we provide an innovative approach to realize the secure optoelectronic logic circuit based on nonvolatile van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure phototransistors. The phototransistors comprising WSe2 and h-BN flakes exhibit electrical tunability of nonvolatile conductance under cooperative operations of electrical and light stimulus. This intriguing feature allows the phototransistor to work as a building block for the design of secure optoelectronic logic circuit in which the information encryption can be directly achieved with a designed secret key. On the basis of this approach, we assemble two phototransistors into an optoelectronic hybrid circuit and implement a functionally complete set of logic gates (i.e., NOR, XOR, and NAND) in a reconfigurable manner. Our findings highlight the potential of nonvolatile phototransistors for the development of reconfigurable secure optoelectronic circuits.

An efficient broadcasting routing protocol WAODV in mobile ad hoc networks

Information broadcasting in wireless network is a necessary building block for cooperative operations. However, the broadcasting causes increases the routing overhead. This paper brings together an array of tools of our adaptive protocol for information broadcasting in MANETs. The proposed protocol in this paper named WAODV (WAIT-AODV). This new adaptive routing discovery protocol for MANETs, lets in nodes to pick out a fantastic motion: both to retransmit receiving request route request (RREQ) messages, to discard, or to wait earlier than making any decision, which dynamically confgures the routing discovery feature to decide a gorgeous motion through the usage of neighbors’ knowledge. Simulations have been conducted to show the effectiveness of the using of techniques adaptive protocol for information broadcasting RREQ packet when integrated into ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocols for MANET (which is based on simple flooding).

Corporate Social Responsibility and Reciprocity Relations during Covid-19

This research work opens an interpretative view on corporate social responsibility (CSR) during an unexpected emergency reality and latent environmental collapse as a strategy to survive. The investigation approach follows the lines of a field analysis survey based on 288 consumers before (n=80) and during the spread of Covid-19 (n=208). The study aims to provide paradigms and interpretations of evidence-based CSR as a balanced reciprocity relationship in coping emergencies; this necessarily moved the authors to investigate the relationship transversally, examining the role of budgeting and its repercussions on well-being by hierarchical leadership. Specifically, the authors investigate the existence of possible niches of actions based on cooperative and responsible operations during emergencies.

Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems Considering Cooperative Operation with Microgrid Components

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are key components in efficiently managing the electric power supply and demand in microgrids. However, the BESSs have issues in their investment costs and operating lifetime, and thus, the optimal sizing of the BESSs is one of the crucial requirements in design and management of the microgrids. This paper presents a problem framework and its solution method that calculates the optimal size of the BESSs in a microgrid, considering their cooperative operations with the other components. The proposed framework is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem; however, based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker approach, it is regarded as a type of operation scheduling problem. As a result, the techniques developed for determining the operation schedule become applicable. In this paper, a combined algorithm of binary particle swarm optimization and quadratic programming is selected as the basis of the solution method. The validity of the authors’ proposal is verified through numerical simulations and discussion of their results.

Research on Simulation Experiment of Underwater Cluster Multi-source Information Fusion

Intelligent cluster information fusion technology is one of the key technologies to solve systematic cooperative operations in underwater manned and unmanned cooperative operations clusters. In this study, aiming at the multi-node hybrid multi-level hierarchical information fusion architecture and global optimization association algorithm based on cluster formation detection, the test scheme and evaluation method of multi-level information fusion are proposed, and the cluster information fusion simulation test system including sonar system, simulation deduction and evaluation system and multi-source information fusion system is constructed. For the first time, the system comprehensively verified the ability of multi-platform from orientation to positioning in the grouping of fusion algorithm, and proved the correctness and effectiveness of the fusion algorithm, which could greatly improve the accuracy of orientation and distance, and formed a highly credible simulation test evaluation ability. The system is extensible at the same time, and can also be applied to other simulation experiments.

Operating room scheduling considering surgeons’ preferences and cooperative operations

Operating rooms (ORs) are one of the most important facilities in any hospital, and efficient OR scheduling is necessary to optimize hospital profits as well as to provide good healthcare services. In this study, we focus on an OR scheduling problem for a Korean university hospital with 32 ORs, in which the surgeons’ preferred rooms and times are considered. Cooperative operation (CO-OP), which is a type of operation in which multiple surgeons cooperatively manage patients, is also considered. Although CO-OP is performed in many large hospitals, there appears to be no accessible literature on this subject. We propose a mathematical programming model and solution approach to solve the scheduling problem. The objective is to minimize both the number of ORs used and the overtime, while providing a satisfactory result based on surgeons' OR preferences. Experimental results on real cases demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in generating better schedules than those manually generated by a hospital manager or mathematically generated using a commercial solver.

GIS aided sustainable urban road management with a unifying queueing and neural network model

With the tide of electrifying urban transportation systems by introducing electric vehicles, the differences between fuel vehicles and electric vehicles in driving styles and strategies to achieve eco-driving have become a burden for efficient operations of urban transportation systems. Most of the previous energy management strategies have sought to achieve system optimisation at a single-vehicle or multi-vehicles level, and failed to consider the vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure effects in a global optimisation manner. Furthermore, as a typical human-in-the-loop cyber–physical system, the mobility behaviours of road users undoubtedly play a vital role in the cooperative and green operations of urban transportation systems. Yet little research has dedicated to develop means to incentivise energy-saving behaviours in transportation systems. Hence, in this paper, we propose a unifying queueing and neural network model to calculate the time and energy efficient course of actions and routes for different types of road users within an urban road network in a real time manner. The lower-level queueing model captures the interactive dynamics of road users and solves the optimal flow ratio at each intersection while the upper-level neural network model further customises desired routes for different types of road users. In addition, an incentive mechanism is proposed to encourage road users to follow the optimal actions via publishing various types of reward-gaining tasks. A case study in a designated area of Beijing shows that the use of the bi-level optimisation algorithm can reduce the average travel time by approximately 20% and decrease the energy consumption by 10% in comparison with the realistic trip data.

ANALISIS AKUNTANSI ASET TETAP PADA KOPERASI HMS

Fixed assets have an important role for the smooth running of cooperative operations. Proper policy in the treatment of fixed asset accounting is needed in maximizing that important role. Users of financial statements urgently need information in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards of Entities Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP) so that an analysis of fixed asset treatment needs to be done to ensure whether the treatment of fixed assets has been in accordance with the ETAP SAK. The data used is secondary data consisting of the financial statements (balance sheet) of THE HMS Cooperative in 2018, data on ownership of the 2018 HMS Cooperative fixed assets (list of equipment, vehicles and furniture) along with the list of depreciation of cooperative fixed assets 2018. In data analysis the methods used are qualitative and quantitative methods. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the fixed assets in the HMS Cooperative have been in accordance with SAK ETAP No. 15. In the recognition of fixed assets, cooperatives recognize the type of fixed assets by means of their acquisition, namely by cash purchase. Hms's cooperative fixed assets are depreciated using the straight line method. In termination, the HMS Co-operative has never stopped its fixed assets. HMS cooperative complies with SAK ETAP in its presentation, where fixed assets are presented in the balance sheet. However, HMS Cooperative does not disclose fixed assets because the cooperative does not make CALK