Climate Cooperation Research Articles

Complexity of international climate cooperation

Although there are several collective efforts to address the problem of climate change, the main initiatives, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, have not shown satisfactory results so far. The difficulty in engaging states into effective coordinated cooperative practices can be explained as a consequence of neoclassical rationality, given that the characterization of states as rationality-endowed entities bound them to situations like the Prisoners' Dilemma (PD) game and its related collective action dilemmas. There are models that provide ways to circumvent PD and foster cooperation among selfish rational agents, such as the application of strategies based on reciprocity (Tit-for-Tat) in iterated games. However, these approaches do not avoid the short-sighted neoclassical rationality that lies at the root of the problem. Thus, in order to develop more productive approaches to the development of global climate change policies, I present a characterization of the international political system as a complex adaptive system (CAS) and argue that this perspective, along with models based on evolutionary games rather than iterated games, provide a more promising approach.

Trumpism and the rejection of global climate governance

This paper explains the ideational foundations of Donald Trump’s rejection of global climate cooperation and its implications for the future of global climate governance. We argue that Trumpism’s antipathy is a fundamental normative challenge to the key ideas that underpin global climate cooperation. Here we explore two specific norm contestations: (1) Collective action versus extralegal sovereignty, and (2) Common but Differentiated Responsibility versus fairness-as-reciprocity. Trump’s aggressive norm rejections are quite novel. His rejection of climate politics in particular and his desire to return to a status quo ante in world politics, positions him as a distinct type of actor in the spectrum of norm contestation – a reactionary norm entrepreneur. We contribute an ideational explanation of Trumpism’s rejection of global climate cooperation by identifying the fundamental clash of ideas and his role as a reactionary norm entrepreneur within the broader framework of global climate governance. It offers a case study in a high-profile instance of norm contestation and its implications for the survival of the global climate change regime.

Managing networks: Cohesion and fluidity in EU climate cooperation with European neighbours

The European Union (EU) is increasingly relying on regional policy networks to govern climate change outside its borders, both in the areas of climate change adaptation and mitigation. Although the functioning of such policy networks has consequences for climate policy in participating countries, little is known about the role of such networks. This article focuses on the example of climate cooperation with the European Neighbourhood Policy region, conceptualizing the EU as a network manager. Using a novel dataset on climate networks in the European Neighbourhood Policy region for the period 2013–2017, we show that the EU uses climate networks for multiple purposes. The results suggest that the EU uses climate networks not only to mitigate the risks associated with climate change, but also to manage varying contexts in the region.

Collaborative HRM, climate for cooperation, and employee intra-organizational social ties in high-technology firms in China: A cross-level analysis.

Individual social ties have been an important source of competitive advantages for hightech firms in the knowledge economy. However, the existing cross-level studies have mainly investigated the impact of HRM systems on traditional individual attitudinal or behavioral outcomes, and few studies have examined the effect of SHRM on individual social ties. Based on the data collected from 363 knowledge employees working in 64 high-tech firms in China, we examine the cross-level relationships among collaborative HRM practices, climate for cooperation and employee intra-organizational social ties. The hierarchical linear model results show that organizational-level collaborative HRM practices have significant positive effects on the number and strength of individual-level intra-organizational social ties, and the climate for cooperation mediates the positive cross-level relationship between collaborative HRM and individual intra-organizational social ties. This study makes three contributions to the literature. First, with a cross-level model, this study helps us better understand how collaborative HRM acts as an approach to manage individuals' social capital formation. Second, this study makes contribution to the social network literature by showing how organizational contextual factors (HRM practices and organizational climate) affect employee individual social ties. Third, based on the AMO model, this paper developed a more clear construct and a three-dimension measurement of the collaborative HRM.

Manajemen Supervisi Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru pada SMP Islam Terpadu Permata Gemilang BSD Kota Tangerang Selatan


 Talking about education cannot be separated from the term quality. The quality indicator itself can be measured by supervision activities that can be carried out by the principal as the head of the institution in the school he leads. The role of the school principal is being able to make breakthroughs in terms of managing teacher performance and to increase teacher professionalism. The research chosen by the author is library research or library research, namely research that utilizes library sources which is carried out by tracing and examining primary and secondary literature on books on academic supervision, the role of the school principal, building a climate of cooperation and other scientific essays. The success of school principals and school committees in improving teacher performance is very dependent on management supervision which includes the stages of preparation, implementation, evaluation and follow-up. The ability of school principals to build a climate of good cooperation with school committees will make it easier for their institutions to achieve common policies and goals in terms of controlling the quality of education in their institutions on an ongoing basis. This article aims to describe the management of school principals' academic supervision and to analyze the role of school principals and school committees in improving teacher performance.
 Keywords: academic supervision management, teacher performance

Exploring U.S.–China climate cooperation through linked carbon markets

Emissions trading systems (ETSs) are a widely used policy tool for driving emissions reductions and serve as an avenue for international climate cooperation. Following the recent global agreement on carbon market standards at COP26, this study explores linked ETSs as an avenue for the U.S. and China to cooperate on climate action. The emissions, energy, and economic effects of linked ETSs are analyzed through the China-in-Global Energy Model (C-GEM), a multi-regional, computable general equilibrium model. Assuming the development of national economy-wide ETSs, two scenarios are developed linking China and the U.S.: 1) a bilateral U.S.–China ETS linkage 2) a multilateral ETS linkage that includes China, the U.S., and nations in Southeast Asia. Results indicate that emissions and energy consumption outcomes would be similar in the bilateral and multilateral scenarios. However, economic outcomes are more favorable in the multilateral linkage scenario. When China and the U.S. engage in bilateral ETS linkage, China predominantly benefits from additional support for domestic decarbonization while the U.S. benefits from increased GDP compared to without ETS linkage. Adding Southeast Asia to establish multilateral linkage improves GDP outcomes for all participants, reducing adverse effects on China's GDP while boosting GDP for the U.S. and Southeast Asia. For policymakers considering the design and implementation of international ETSs, this study presents updated modeling on the effects of ETS linkage on each country as well as the economic benefits of expanding participation to additional regions.

Ten reasons why research collaborations succeed—a random forest approach

The state of research in the Science of Team Science is characterised by a wide range of findings on how successful research collaboration should be structured. However, it remains unclear how the multitude of findings can be put into a hierarchical order with regard to their significance for the success of cooperation. This is where the article comes in: based on the state of research, the question of which intra- and interpersonal factors are most significant for the success of a research team is investigated. In order to explore the ten most important reasons for the success of a research collaboration, a Random Forest classifier is specified that predicts the success of research collaborations on the basis of 51 input variables. The analyses presented in the paper are based on representative survey data on n = 1.417 principal investigators and spokespersons of ongoing and completed research clusters funded by the German Research Foundation. The success of a research cluster is operationalised as the extent to which it has achieved the goals that it communicated to the funding agency before it began. Highly realistic and clear research objectives are central to the success of research clusters, as are comprehensive agreement on objectives, close interconnection of the subprojects’ research work and a fair and trusting cooperation climate.

National culture and occupational safety – a comparison of worker-level factors impacting safety for Danish and Swedish construction workers

Denmark and Sweden are societally and regulatory similar countries with large differences in occupational injury rates. Denmark has consistently had twice the rate of reported injuries compared to Sweden and a 45% higher rate of fatal injuries in the construction industry. The current study aims to further investigate the perceived underlying factors responsible for the difference in injury rate between Denmark and Sweden by examining the possible impact on safety climate and safety behaviour of cooperation, perceived organizational support, organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), planning, safety motivation, and long-term orientation. The paper is based on a questionnaire study completed by 346 construction workers from 48 Swedish construction sites and 465 construction workers from 37 Danish construction sites. The results show that all six predictors were positively related with safety climate and/or safety behaviour in both countries. However, the level of the predictors was generally higher in Sweden, and there was a stronger positive relationship with the outcomes in Sweden than Denmark. Specifically, the valuation of cooperation and OCB, planning and long-term orientation were more dominant in Sweden. These differences illuminate some of the possible factors underlying the difference in injury rate between the Danish and Swedish construction industry.

Sino‐American competition and the future of climate cooperation

AbstractClimate change is often thought of as an issue that only cooperation can address. But growing tensions between the world's two largest emitters, the United States and China, demand that scholars contribute to a new understanding of how climate change, geopolitics, and international relations intersect. A better understanding of how competition might affect climate action by individual states, and more rigorous assessment of whether it might be helpful rather than harmful, is needed.This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework

От чего зависит психологическое благополучие российских подростков: анализ результатов PISA 2018

Last decades have been marked by a decline in the psychological well-being of adolescents around the world. Both environmental, family and school factors, as well as personal factors contribute to the maintenance of well-being, and from the standpoint of modern psychological theories of well-being, positive relationships with significant others play a leading role. However, these factors are rarely explored in the system; moreover, the specific contribution of environmental factors varies from culture to culture. This article aims to assess the role of the system of environmental and personality-motivational variables as predictors of the psychological well-being of Russian adolescents. The material of the study was the data collected within the framework of the PISA 2018 project on a representative sample of Russian teenagers (N=7608). We studied the role of three groups of variables reflecting the quality of a teenager's relationship with 1) parents (parental support), 2) teachers (perception of informative feedback from teachers), 3) school society (the value of cooperation and climate of cooperation and exposure to bullying). It was assumed that the variables characterizing the quality of the three types of relationships with significant others would contribute both independently and mediated by personal and motivational variables to well-being. Gender and family SES were considered as control variables. The results of structural equation modeling confirmed the hypotheses, demonstrating a significant contribution to the well-being of not only relationships with parents and peers, but also teachers, both directly and indirectly by variables reflecting the ability to set productive goals, cope with difficulties and feel comfortable at school. The results are discussed from the standpoint of the self-determination theory, which asserts the importance of satisfying basic psychological needs in relationships with significant others for the psychological well-being. Universal and cross-cultural aspects of the findings of the study are discussed, as well as its limitations.

Mapping Climate Themes From 2008-2021—An Analysis of Business News Using Topic Models

India and other developing economies are receiving more attention in the context of climate change due to their rapid rates of economic expansion and large populations. In terms of absolute emissions, India surpassed China and the U.S. in 2018 to become the third-largest emitter. Solving this wicked problem calls for climate action across the stakeholder spectrum involving governments, business communities, and citizens. While extant literature has focused significantly on the role of governments and individual perceptions, the business sector needs to be more represented. In this study, we consider business news media as a platform that reflects the industry engagement in climate change and as a source of information on climate change for business decision-makers. Hence, understanding the topic and themes in the nexus of climate and business is important to evaluate the business sector’s stance towards climate change and how it has evolved. This work explores business news related to climate change using natural language techniques. We first experiment with three topic-modeling techniques, such as LDA, NMF, and BERTopic, on the business news and two more benchmark news datasets. Our test data is derived from digital news archives of ’The Economic Times – India’s leading business news daily. We evaluate the performance based on quantitative metrics commonly used for topic models. We choose the algorithm that provides the highest precision for climate-specific information represented by the test dataset. We then apply the algorithm with the best performance, as evaluated by the experiment, to a large corpus of Indian climate news from E.T. spanning from 2008 - 2021. We present how different themes, including industry engagement, evolved over the last two decades. The results suggest that climate cooperation has the highest contribution in the corpus, with other themes on resource management, energy and business gaining traction in recent years.

The Significance of Climate Cooperation Between China and the United States

The global climate issue is becoming increasingly severe, and cooperation between China and the United States in climate management is urgent.This article first analyzes the three stages of the climate relationship of China and the United States, from the first stage when the two sides are not willing to cooperate actively to the second stage when the two sides begin to cooperate frequently in climate management, and then to the current stage when cooperation and competition coexist in the climate relationship. Then, it analyzes the differences in climate governance concepts and methods between China and the U.S. due to differences in political systems, which has led to obstacles in consociation between the two countries. Next, this article explains the importance and key significance climate cooperation from three perspectives: China, the United States, and the international community. Finally, some constructive suggestions on climate consociation between China and the United States are put forward, as well as prospects for further deepening climate relations of China and the United States in the future.

New Economic Order - Bretton Woods System After The World War II

An agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom led to the founding of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in July 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The Bretton Woods institutions were created and put into place thanks in large part to American economic leadership, which reflected the country’s dominant position in the world’s diplomacy and economy in the years following World War II. A pattern of institutionalized multilateral cooperation that has come to be one of the defining characteristics of the post-World War II international political economy was undoubtedly influenced by the climate of international cooperation that emerged at Bretton Woods and persisted for decades afterward.

Россия в американских климатических стратегиях

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the Russian Federation in American plans to combat global warming. In the context of the Soviet and Russian participation in solving environmental problems, the possibility of using the potential of interaction between Moscow and Washington, previously developed in the climate sphere, to initiate constructive relations is analyzed. It is indicated that since the beginning of the 21st century, the Russian Federation has shifted its focus in this area from reducing carbon emissions to neutralizing them, as well as adapting to changes. The administration of J. Biden criticized this approach because it sought to draw Russia into the United States’ anti-Chinese climate plans based on a general reduction in emissions. However, in the ranks of the American political class, the administration’s approach did not have full support. Within the Democratic Party, a group of centrists believed that Moscow had chosen the right climate strategy for itself, and therefore, the administration’s “separate” policy could be quite effective. Their fellow party members from the progressive camp denied the “separate” approach and talked about the possibility of serious strategic concessions to Russia for climate cooperation. In the Republican Party, “moderate realists” argued that Russia’s climate strategy has more minuses than pluses for the country, and the West should have chosen a policy of combining pressure on the Russian Federation with incentives for regional cooperation. Experts from the conservative group feared that in the context of the radical “green transit” of the Biden administration, Russia’s climate policy could give Moscow a military and geopolitical advantage. In general, most political groups in the United States are confident that Russia, although it does not agree with Western methods of combating warming, will not get off the green trajectory. It is concluded that in the previous period, a fairly solid foundation of the climate dialogue between the United States and Russia had been formed, and the beginning of the special military operation in Ukraine only preserved it, but did not destroy.

Сlimate change: environmental and legal components

The author analyzes the important aspects of the reform of the international legal framework in countering climate change. Currently this issue arises as one of the most controversial in the international community. The problematic of the research explained that the existence of humanity and all life on the planet was under threat. The research work analyzes the prospects of practical improvement of international climate cooperation mechanism and describes the main aspects of the effectiveness the international legal instrumental and institutional climate mechanism. The key task of the research work is to analyze the theoretical and legal rules for the functioning of international legal mechanism in combating climate change.

Перспективы декарбонизации мировой экономики в контексте реализации Парижского климатического соглашения ООН

The UN Paris Climate Agreement requires unprecedented efforts to prevent global warming above 1,5-2°C. Despite geopolitical, economic and other disruptions, cooperation in climate sphere is one of the key directions of international interaction among the world leading economies. Many countries adopted decarbonization strategies and carbon neutrality targets by 2050-2070. The economic analysis the decarbonization scenarios showed that zero-carbon technologies in energy, industries and other sectors can play a crucial role in reduction of carbon emissions worldwide. Achievement of Paris Agreement goals can be more efficient if the mechanisms of international climate cooperation, carbon pricing and regulation would be broadly applied.

Framing climate strategy of the oil industry of China: A tailored approach to ecological modernization

China has announced its ambitious targets of attaining a carbon peak before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. Although China is a developing country, its oil sector plays a key role in carbon emissions and thus has a responsibility toward climate change. It is very important to understand the role of the oil industry of China in climate governance. This raises the following question: how have oil companies in China framed and tailored their climate strategies? By employing the concept of ecological modernization as a theoretical framework, this study observes the driving forces of climate policies, low-carbon energy, advanced technologies, and market mechanisms by collecting and analyzing reports published by three oil companies. The main findings are that state-owned oil companies in China have adopted the ideas and institutions of national climate strategies, low-carbon energy systems, and emerging financial and market tools. The analysis of the reports reveals that the main motives for the climate strategies of the companies are China’s administrative system, international climate cooperation, the transformation of the energy mix, and emerging market mechanisms.

How School Climate Affects the Development of the Social and Emotional Skills of Underprivileged-Background Students-An Empirical Study Based on the SSES2019 Data.

Background: Promoting the development of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students is an integral part of educational and social equity. To date, there has been a lack of relevant research in this field. Aims: This study investigated the impacts of cooperative school climate and competitive school climate on the development of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students. Sample: This study used the data of Chinese underprivileged-background students (N = 1739) from the Study on Social and Emotional Skills conducted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD-SSES2019). Methods: This study selected the ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis method and the quantile regression (QR) analysis method. Results: The ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis results showed that cooperative school climates promoted the development of various dimensions of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students, while competitive school climates had significant negative impacts on the collaboration and emotional regulation of underprivileged-background students and had no significant impact on the other three major domains, namely engagement with others, open-mindedness, and task performance. A quantile regression analysis further explored the heterogeneity in the impacts of cooperative school climate and competitive school climate on the development of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students through quantile regression and found that the impacts of a competitive school climate on underprivileged-background students with different levels of social and emotional skills were homogeneous, while the impacts of a competitive school climate on underprivileged-background students with different levels of social and emotional skills were heterogeneous. Conclusions: These findings provide a greater insight into the roles of school cooperative climate and school competitive climate in the development process of the social and emotional skills of underprivileged-background students.

Climate security reversed: the implications of alternative security policies for global warming

ABSTRACT Policymakers and scholars have in recent years paid increasing attention to the climate–security nexus. However, discussions have been overwhelmingly focused on the security implications of climate change, neglecting the question of the climate implications of alternative approaches to security. On closer inspection, security policies can impact global warming in at least four ways. First, security apparatuses produce direct greenhouse gas emissions. Second, security policies can condition domestic decarbonisation efforts by competing, to a greater or lesser extent, with green transition efforts for public investment. Some policies will also be more likely than others to foster climate-friendly technological spill-overs. Third, security policies can affect spending priorities in other states, thus shaping decarbonisation efforts overseas. Finally, security competition can influence the wider climate for environmental cooperation. Accordingly, when assessing alternative security policies, observers should factor in known climate costs as well as the potential for creating negative externalities vis-à-vis decarbonisation efforts.

The Evolution of Climate Change Reporting in Business Media: Longitudinal Analysis of a Business Newspaper

The agenda-setting and attitude-forming role of media has been proven and endorsed over time. Media has played an instrumental role in the way the issue of climate change is perceived by various stakeholders in society. Although studies on media coverage of climate issues have been gaining prominence in recent years, there is a gap when we consider the Global South. Moreover, although the business sector is a critical stakeholder in climate change policy and action, studies that focus on how business media projects and highlights climate change are relatively sparse. This vacuum is even more pronounced in developing countries. This research is an attempt to address this gap. We have conducted a longitudinal analysis of climate change reporting in a leading Indian business newspaper, using automated content analysis. Results provide us with valuable insights about how climate frames and climate themes have evolved over time in business media. Our findings suggest that while climate cooperation is a prominent topic in business media, however, it has been declining in recent years. On the other hand, the share of domestic news covering sector specific issues is increasing, mirroring India’s change in stance. The insights derived will help in building consensus across stakeholders involving business decision-makers, media houses, policy makers, and civil society.