Cooperative State Research Articles

Cooperation between the Russian Federation and Vietnam in the XXI Centuriy: SWOT Analysis of Features, Problems and Development Prospects

The paper presents research and analytical assessment of the important factors, problems and prospects of cooperation between Russia and Vietnam. The Asian region currently plays an important role in international relations due to its economic, political and demographic characteristics. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam One of the countries in the region that attracts attention from foreign business institutions. While making the analysis of the development of Russian-Vietnamese political and economic relations, the authors come to the conclusion that, despite the existing effective partnership in a number of sectors, the current state of economic cooperation between the two countries does not correspond to the level of political dialogue. The further development of economic relations not only corresponds to the national interests and strategic goals of Vietnam and Russia, but can positively impact the development of the region.

The Particularities of Russian-Chinese Economic Cooperation at the Present Stage: Scientists and Society’s Opinions

Introduction. In the context of the transformation of the international relations system and the world's movement towards a multipolar structure, Russian-Chinese relations have received a new impetus for development. The confrontation with the Western countries has opened a window of opportunity for deepening economic cooperation between the two countries. Despite the growth in trade turnover recorded in 2023, there remain areas of partnership with significant potential. At the same time, one of the main problems facing Russian-Chinese cooperation at the present stage is the shortage of competent personnel and the low level of knowledge of Russians and Chinese about each other.The article presents the results of sociological surveys conducted among Chinese students and specialists, which revealed their attitude towards cooperation with Russia. The surveys showed that young Chinese are interested in the development of Russian-Chinese relations, especially in the field of infrastructure projects. The study, conducted by MGIMO with the support of the CITIC Foundation, Beijing Normal University and China’s University of International Relations, identified the most promising areas for cooperation between the two countries.The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state and prospects of bilateral economic cooperation in some areas based on the results of sociological surveys of Chinese citizens of various age groups. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, such methods of scientific knowledge as analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy, induction, deduction, forecasting were used; sociological surveys were conducted. Foreign and Russian scientific articles, statistical data, and media publications devoted to various aspects of the development of bilateral projects between Russia and China were used as research materials.Research results. The analysis of the data obtained revealed that the majority of respondents consider infrastructure sectors to be the most promising for cooperation between the two countries, and public-private partnership (PPP) is perceived as an effective mechanism for implementing Russian-Chinese infrastructure projects.Discussion and conclusion. The study showed that in the face of Western pressure on Russia and China, the two countries should deepen economic cooperation. The transformation of the world order and the growing influence of developing countries create favorable conditions for increasing cooperation. Chinese youth are interested in joint projects in the fields of infrastructure, transport, energy, manufacturing, agriculture, science, and tourism. The key role in the success of such cooperation is played by the training of qualified personnel. It is necessary to develop not only trade and economic ties, but also cultural, social, scientific and educational relations.

Cooperative co-evolution deep echo state network for time series prediction

Abstract The deep echo state network demonstrates strong predictive performance in time series tasks, but inter-layer weight optimization and reservoir structure design are still challenging tasks. To address this, we propose the cooperative co-evolutionary deep echo state network (CCEDESN). Firstly, inspired by the hierarchical structure of the brain, we introduce a modular hierarchical design. Each layer of the reservoir contains multiple sub-reservoirs, with central neurons in each sub-reservoir interacting with those in other sub-reservoirs to enhance information processing. Secondly, an advanced cooperative co-evolutionary algorithm is proposed to simultaneously optimize the layer connection weights and hyperparameters of the deep echo state network. We evaluate the CCEDESN model on the Mackey-Glass system, sunspot data, and Apple stock opening prices. The experimental results show that the CCEDESN model achieves superior prediction accuracy compared to other models.

A scoping literature review on influencing factors in live-streaming spectatorship experience

Live-streaming is a popular phenomenon. It attracts both content creators and spectators, visible in new live-streaming platforms appearing and existing social platforms adding live-streaming features. The relevant body of games and human–computer interaction oriented literature has grown considerably. However, the research is highly diverse and multidisciplinary, and reviews on live-streaming research are missing. In this article, we explore the current research on influencing factors in live-streaming, to identify the state of the field and inform future research. A scoping review was conducted to map the currently researched topics and factors, to find emerging or understudied topics, and to analyze the state of multidisciplinary and multicultural cooperation. Two iterations of a literature search and a citation-based literature mapping were used to collect 348 peer-reviewed entries. Identified and classified themes were analyzed along with visualizations of the local citation network, concept co-occurrence, and an inter-country citation graph. As a result, the main actors, genres, and issues in live-streaming, the frequency with which they are researched, and their trends over time were identified and described. Games and esports dominate research; topics recently gaining interest are e-commerce, mental health, collaboration and teaching using streams, and promoting tourism using streams. The body of literature is well connected; scientific disciplines and research groups seem to be aware of each other. For future research, we recommend exploring non-gaming genres and hybrid events and pursuing interdisciplinary collaboration.

The Union State of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation: integration cooperation in the field of international information security

The author examines in detail such aspects as the international information security of the Union State of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. It is separately noted that special attention is being paid to issues of legal support for information security today in the light of modern geopolitical processes and their impact on all spheres of life. He draws attention to the fact that one of the tasks of modern society is the search for universal solutions to information security issues. One of the key roles in this issue is played by the Russian Federation, which initiates international conventions on information protection and ensuring international information security.Today, the formation of a common information space and the maintenance of international information security is one of the most important stages in the implementation and achievement of the main objectives of the Union State. These tasks are due to the fact that in the modern information and digital world, the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation are increasing international cooperation in the field of legal information security in regional and bilateral formats. The methodological basis of this research is a system of modern general scientific and private law methods. The study of the formation, development, place and role of the legal provision of information security of the Union State of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus was conducted using the following general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, abstraction and modeling, generalization, description, etc. The main conclusions of this study are that the analysis of the basic provisions of interstate regulations allowed us to determine that the common goal in the integration association is to formulate common rules of conduct for states in the information space in order to legally ensure information security in the face of new challenges, threats and risks through international cooperation of the member states of the Union State. At the same time, based on the analysis of international documents and theoretical positions of the science of international and information law, we believe that in the future it is necessary to ensure on an ongoing basis the theoretical, legal, scientific and methodological orientation of the development and implementation of unified approaches to the legislation of the two member states of the Union State regulating the sphere of international information security.

Convergences and Divergences in the Burden of Disease in Older People Across The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries

BackgroundThe Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member states are heterogeneous in their social, economic, and health conditions. Aimsa) to analyze age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) and age-specific disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate among older people in countries by age groups (65–74 years and 75+ years) and sex, and b) to estimate the association between age-specific DALY rate with Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and with Healthcare Access and Quality Index (HAQI). MethodsSecondary analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. The ASMR and the age-specific DALY rate were reported for the years 1990, 2005, and 2019. Correlation between age-specific DALY rate with SDI and HAQI was estimated. ResultsThere were differences in the level and change in ASMR and the age-specific DALY rates among OECD countries. Overall, men had a higher rate for both age groups in both indicators. Although the rates have been reduced between 1990 and 2019, some countries stand out for continuing to have higher rates than countries with better socioeconomic levels. The disease burden profile also differed between adults aged 65–74 years and those aged 75+ years. In almost all cases, there was a negative and statistically significant correlation between the age-specific DALY rate with SDI and HAQI. ConclusionsThe burden of mortality and DALY in OECD countries is convergent because they have decreased over time in all countries but diverge in the magnitude and speed of change.

International Legal Regime of Lunar Orbits: Will There Be Enough Space for Everybody?

INTRODUCTION. The exploration and use of the Moon, including its natural resources, is a priority in the space research activities of many participants. This is evidenced by the adoption of lunar space programmes at the national level, the preparation and launch of spacecrafts to the Moon and its surface, and discussions of future international legal regulation in international intergovernmental and nongovernmental organisations. It is important to ensure communication with the spacecraft through the use of lunar orbits in carrying out such lunar activities. In order to understand this process, it is necessary to examine the scientific and technical, as well as regulatory aspects that are interrelated, including the international legal regime for lunar orbits.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The materials used in the research and for writing cover fundamental works of Soviet/Russian scientists in the field of international space law, as well as research works and analyses devoted to CIS-lunar space and orbits around the Moon. The assessment of the existing international legal regime on lunar orbits requires the application of not only formal-legal and comparative-legal research methods inherent in legal sciences, but also general scientific methods, such as analysis and synthesis, to understand the specific scientific and technical nature of the issue under consideration. An important place in the article was taken by the study of the conceptual definitions, namely such terms as “a Moon orbit”, “lunar orbit”, “CIS-lunar space”, “frozen orbit’”, “haloorbit”, “shielded zone of the Moon”, etc.RESEARCH RESULTS. The lunar orbit refers to various trajectories of natural or artificial objects around the Moon. Orbits around the Moon are distinguished by the altitudes of migration, aposecretion and inclination. Separately distinguish ‘frozen’ orbits and haloorbits, which are characterized by special properties in terms of space objects placed on them. Spacecrafts use different radio-frequency spectrum in all types of lunar orbits. Most of the orbits around the Moon are unstable. The international legal status and regime of lunar orbits are regulated by documents of the International Telecommunication Union, among which there are a number of documents dealing with the issue of radio astronomy in the shielded zone of the Moon. The fundamental provisions of international space law also apply to the activity on use and exploration of CIS-lunar space and its orbits.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The following conclusions were obtained from the study. By 2027, the international community within the ITU will have to solve a number of issues related to the use of CISlunar space and orbits around the Moon, including radio astronomy, the use of repeater satellites, and the radio-frequency spectrum. Additionally, a system for coordinated lunar time is discussed. Disorderly use of lunar orbits may lead to the problem of space debris. An increase in the number of objects sent to the Moon may cause difficulties in astronomical research and limit the number of stable orbits for all interested participants. International cooperation of States and other interested participants in lunar activities within the framework of international organizations will contribute to solving the outlined problems.

Chinese-Russian Cooperation in the Arctic at the Present Stage

The study is aimed at studying the works of Chinese authors on the issues of Russian-Chinese cooperation.Aim. To analyze the main areas of cooperation between China and Russia in the Arctic as interpreted by Chinese authors.Tasks. To identify the current state and forecasts of Chinese-Russian Arctic cooperation, considered in the works of Chinese scientists, and compare them with the national interests of Russia.Methods. To determine the specifics of the Chinese understanding of cooperation in the Arctic, historiographic and geopolitical approaches were used, focused on the adoption and implementation of political and managerial decisions, achieving specific managerial results. Using the historiographic approach, the transformation of Chinese-Russian relations, the dynamics and problems in the interaction of the two countries are analyzed.Results. A comprehensive study reflects the specifics and shows the prospects for strategic cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation. An analysis is given on current issues of Chinese-Russian cooperation in the Arctic region based on a study of the works of Chinese scientists. The existing problems in Chinese-Russian relations are identified and analyzed, and proposals for their resolution are defined. A prospective analysis of the development of Chinese-Russian relations in the Arctic is made based on the works of Chinese researchers.Conclusions. The People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation are important partners in the development of the Arctic. This partnership is built on the basis of comprehensive strategic interaction between the countries. The two countries need to further deepen their Arctic cooperation. It is necessary to overcome the difficulties for the stable and sustainable development of the Arctic. Cooperation between China and Russia in the Arctic will continue to develop on the basis of a strategic partnership between the countries. At the same time, Russia considers the Northern Sea Route as a competitive national transport artery with the possibility of its international use for transportation between Europe and Asia. To this end, the Russian Federation gives priority attention, in particular, to the issues of neutralizing the course of unfriendly states to militarize the region and limit Russia’s ability to exercise its sovereign rights in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to establishing mutually beneficial cooperation with non-Arctic states that pursue a constructive policy towards Russia and are interested in implementing international activities in the Arctic, including the infrastructural development of the Northern Sea Route.

Market Diversification Strategies for Enhancing Competitiveness of Indian Marketing Cooperatives: Lessons from Gujarat State Cooperative Marketing Federation Ltd. (GUJCOMASOL)

Market Diversification Strategies for Enhancing Competitiveness of Indian Marketing Cooperatives: Lessons from Gujarat State Cooperative Marketing Federation Ltd. (GUJCOMASOL)

Simultaneous intracranial recordings of interacting brains reveal neurocognitive dynamics of human cooperation.

Cooperative interactions profoundly shape individual and collective behaviors of social animals. Successful cooperation requires coordinated efforts by cooperators toward collective goals. However, the underlying behavioral dynamics and neuronal mechanisms within and between cooperating brains remain largely unknown. We recorded intracranial electrophysiological signals from human pairs engaged in a cooperation game. We show that teammate coordination and goal pursuit make distinct contributions to the behavioral cooperation dynamics. Increases and decreases in high-gamma activity in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and amygdala distinguish between establishing and maintaining cooperation and forecast transitions between these two states. High-gamma activity from distinct neuronal populations encodes teammate coordination and goal pursuit motives, with populations of TPJ neurons preferentially tracking dominant motives of different cooperation states. Across cooperating brains, high-gamma activity in the TPJ and amygdala synchronizes in a state-dependent manner that predicts how well cooperators coordinate. These findings provide fine-grained understandings of human cooperation dynamics as a state-dependent process with distinctive neurocognitive profiles of each state.

Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Sedation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report

AbstractThis case report presents the innovative use of intranasal dexmedetomidine (IN-DEX) for sedation in an 82-year-old female patient undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The patient, with a history of chronic atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, and chronic kidney failure, presented with sudden left-sided weakness. IN-DEX was administered to manage her agitation, achieving stable sedation without respiratory depression, facilitating EVT, and preserving the patient's cooperative state for accurate neurological assessments. The procedure was completed successfully, with stable vital parameters and no complications. This report highlights IN-DEX's potential as a noninvasive, effective sedative alternative in emergency neurological settings, emphasizing its advantages in maintaining respiratory function and reducing stress responses in AIS patients. Further studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore the broader applicability of IN-DEX in AIS management.

Energy exchange optimization among multiple geolocated microgrids: A coalition formation approach for cost reduction

This paper describes a hierarchical energy management system for multiple geolocated microgrids, with the aim of minimizing operational costs and maximizing individual benefits. To achieve this goal, a coalition formation algorithm is developed to optimize energy exchanges between geolocated microgrids, leading to a significant reduction in costs. At the local level (first layer), optimization is performed using mixed-integer linear programming, while at the central level, the optimization is carried out through the coalition formation algorithm. The formation of coalitions among geolocated microgrids has demonstrated substantial benefits. For instance, coalitions showed the highest percentage reductions in losses (52.63% to 71.53%) in the cooperative state compared to the non-cooperative state, indicating significant cost savings. In contrast, lower percentage reductions in losses (12.08% to 16.10%) were observed, yet they still benefited from reduced operational costs. Throughout the day, the cooperative method consistently proved to be more effective than the non-cooperative method. The effectiveness of coalitions in reducing losses and operational costs is demonstrated, emphasizing the importance of flexible approaches in addressing challenges such as geolocation and variable weather conditions. This study contributes to the advancement of distributed energy systems, supporting the transition to more sustainable and resilient systems.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF STATE COOPERATIVE BANKS IN INDIA (2012-13 TO 2022-23): TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES

This article examines the financial performance and growth trajectory of State Cooperative Banks (SCBs) in India from 2012-13 to 2022-23, focusing on key indicators such as deposits, loans, borrowings, investments, and working capital. The study highlights the significant growth in these areas, driven by increased member engagement and trust. However, opportunities for further improvement remain, particularly in the areas of deposit mobilization, loan management, and investment diversification. SCBs can capitalize on these opportunities by introducing targeted savings products for rural populations, expanding digital banking services, implementing advanced risk management practices, and optimizing working capital. The study also emphasizes the need for SCBs to expand their network into underserved rural areas, leveraging technology for financial inclusion. By addressing these growth opportunities and challenges, SCBs can enhance their operational efficiency, financial stability, and contribution to rural development.

Integrating Activity-based Costing with Continuous Enhancement: A Strategic Approach to Operational Efficiency and Cost Management

The main objective of this research is to show how integrating activity-based costing (ABC) with continuous improvement processes can enhance cost management and operational efficiency. The development of automated firms and global firms has necessitated a shift in principles and measurement accuracy. The principles and concepts have been modified based on economic theory, moving from stable continuous improvement to continuous enhancement, or Kaizen enhancement. The accuracy of the proposed costing system has improved by using modified activity-based costing. The current research has focused on multi-variation in explanatory variables, including the costing system and the degree of enhancement. The suggested costing system should include the modified version of activity-based costing and the new form of continuous enhancement system. The concept of an intelligent supply chain has led to the idea of a cooperative game between all parties in the firm/chain. Intelligent automated systems are closed-loop systems where all members are partners, aiming to maximize global benefits. Resilient considerations indicate different attempts to measure and estimate the multi-effects of externalities and other external effects. This work has closed-to-open excess quantitative models, achieving the cooperative state between different partners. Findings show that ABC helps manufacturing and service sectors identify non-value-adding activities, optimize resource allocation, and reduce costs by providing detailed insights into the true cost of operations. Its integration with continuous improvement strategies amplifies these benefits, enabling businesses to streamline processes, improve efficiency, and enhance profitability. ABC is a valuable tool for identifying non-value-adding activities and optimizing resource allocation. By providing a more accurate understanding of how resources are consumed, ABC can help organizations improve their efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction.

Az Europol-együttműködés tapasztalatai

Aim: The aim of the article is to present the practical experience of cooperation between Europol, which plays a key role in international criminal cooperation, and Hungary. Methodology: The author collected knowledge about the operation of Europol and its investigative support services by studying the available EU legislation, and by working as the Head of the Hungarian Liaison Bureau at Europol, as well as by carrying out the tasks of the former expert in the cyber-attacks priority and the deputy national EMPACT coordinator. Findings: Europol’s system of cooperation with the Member States and operational and strategic partners provides the law enforcement agencies of the countries concerned with an opportunity that no other agency, institution or organisation can offer. In addition to supporting specific investigations, the institutional system also provides countries with IT, strategic and financial support. Value: The article aims to provide a practical and comprehensive overview of the state of cooperation with Europol, to give a deeper insight into the day-to-day work of the law enforcement and judicial authorities and to provide the interested reader with contextualized insights into the steps and processes involved.

Experience of the Europol cooperation

Aim: The aim of the article is to present the practical experience of cooperation between Europol, which plays a key role in international criminal cooperation, and Hungary. Methodology: The author collected knowledge about the operation of Europol and its investigative support services by studying the available EU legislation, and by working as the Head of the Hungarian Liaison Bureau at Europol, as well as by carrying out the tasks of the former expert in the cyber-attacks priority and the deputy national EMPACT coordinator. Findings: Europol’s system of cooperation with the Member States and operational and strategic partners provides the law enforcement agencies of the countries concerned with an opportunity that no other agency, institution or organisation can offer. In addition to supporting specific investigations, the institutional system also provides countries with IT, strategic and financial support. Value: The article aims to provide a practical and comprehensive overview of the state of cooperation with Europol, to give a deeper insight into the day-to-day work of the law enforcement and judicial authorities and to provide the interested reader with contextualised insights into the steps and processes involved.

The reach of state power in a globalized world – some lessons for the EU and the Western Balkans

Globalization trends have significantly influenced the role and importance of state power, though certainly not to the extent that one could argue globalization has rendered states obsolete or unnecessary. Many of today’s global challenges, such as terrorism, climate change, the migrant crisis, and others, are impossible to address within national frameworks, necessitating the cooperation of sovereign states as the ‘appropriate measure’ in responding to these and similar global issues.Starting from the fact that the components of state power persist even in an increasingly interactive and globalized world and that the past decades have witnessed attempts to balance state power among the often disproportionate member states of the European Union, this paper posits the hypothesis that the Western Balkan states lack the independent capacity to build institutions modeled after those of EU member states. Consequently, this region serves as a striking example of a neglected area with missed opportunities for clear integration into the EU.Furthermore, the paper analyzes, in light of knowledge on variability and development, identity and diversity, opposition and contradiction, the circumstances that have led to a series of missed opportunities for progress in this volatile region, as well as the internal problems within the Union that affect the Western Balkan countries on their European path.

Integration of legal databases in the context of EU accession aspirations

It is determined that the process of cooperation within the framework of the European Union has increased the need for identification and exchange of legal information coming from regional and national authorities at the European level. This need is partially met by digitally accessible legal information and the widespread use of the Internet. However, the exchange of legal information is largely limited by the differences that exist in different national legal systems, as well as the differences in their technical systems used to store and display the law on their respective websites. This hinders interaction between the information systems of national and European institutions, despite the increase in the availability of documents in electronic format. At the same time, the interconnection of national and international legal information from various sources and their presentation in the form of linked data of legal knowledge will undoubtedly improve the process of searching for legal information, expanding the possibilities of inquiries that are not currently possible. Moreover, in an increasingly digital society, where the number of cross-border civil and criminal proceedings is rapidly increasing, and given the complex diversity of different legal systems in the EU Member States, the simplification and facilitation of cross-border judicial cooperation is essential to ensure effective access of citizens and businesses to justice. At the same time, the system of identification and metadata should be well known to citizens and specialists in the field of law. In addition, to increase the chances of finding case law that is supported by an identifier and metadata, these court decisions should be searchable - by identifier and a minimal set of metadata - through a common interface. The exchange of digital evidence in the EU is also an important aspect. Currently, countries cooperate using private international law in cross-border criminal cases and exchange digital evidence based on these tools. The choice of tool depends on the countries involved and the type of information required.

Unique Features of the EAEU Interregional and Crossborder Cooperation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main distinctive features of interregional and cross-border cooperation at the current stage of integration in the EAEU. It is shown that today the development of interregional and cross-border cooperation in the association is considered to be one of the priorities that contribute to deepening and ensuring the dynamism of integration processes. The intensification of initiatives at the intergovernmental level in this field dates back to the 2020s. However, up to the present, despite quite a deep degree of economic integration of the EAEU members, the sphere of interregional and cross-border cooperation remains insufficiently institutionalized and is of recommendatory nature. The association lacks multilateral agreements and cooperation mechanisms aimed at developing interaction specifically at the regional level. The main emphasis in the analysis is made on the fact that the current state of interregional and cross-border cooperation is asymmetrical, which is revealed in the following aspects – unequal degree of importance of cross-border cooperation for the participating countries, heterogeneity of the scale and nature of interregional cooperation, unequal level of autonomy of regions in the member states, divergence in applied formats of interaction, significant regional divergence in socio-economic development. It is concluded that in order to overcome such asymmetry and fragmentation, it is essential to have flexible multilateral mechanisms as well as financial and information institutions, the activities of which will contribute to the development of horizontal ties and economic connectivity at the regional level

Analysis of Regional Economic Cooperation in Asia and Policy Options for China

Recent years have witnessed a robust growth momentum in regional economic cooperation in Asia, marking it as an indispensable component of global economic development. With the acceleration of globalization and the deepening of regional integration, cooperation among Asian nations in areas such as trade, investment, and infrastructure has progressively intensified. Particularly under China's impetus, the signing of free trade agreements such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) signifies a new phase in Asia's regional economic cooperation. As the world's second-largest economy, China, with its vast market and vigorous economic growth, plays an increasingly pivotal role in regional economic collaboration. China's policy choices not only influence the sustainable development of its own economy but also have a profound impact on the entire economic landscape of Asia. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the current state, mechanisms, and characteristics of regional economic cooperation in Asia, along with an analysis of China's policy choices in this process, holds significant theoretical and practical importance.