Converter For Battery Charging Applications Research Articles

An Improved Single-Switch Bridgeless SEPIC PFC Converter for Battery Charging Applications

This paper presents a new structure of an AC–DC bridgeless single-switch SEPIC converter for battery charging applications. The converter exhibits the features of power factor correction (PFC) by reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of AC input current to a considerable extent using the modified structure of the converter. The sizes of inductors are also considerably reduced in the proposed converter. The proposed single-switch converter topology makes it suitable for implementing the complex control algorithms required for battery charging. The circulating current is eliminated by introducing the blocking diodes in the proposed converter. A 200W/56 V prototype converter is synthesised to realise the proposed concept. This paper also includes a comparative study with different similar converters to verify the performance of the proposed converter.

Circulating power flow restricted operation of the isolated bi-directional dual-active bridge DC-DC converter for battery charging applications

This paper presents the Non-Circulating Power Flow (NCPF) enabled Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter controller strategy. The proposed DAB controller eliminates the non-circulating power flow for all the four conventional modulation algorithms, i.e., Single Phase Shift (SPS), Extended Phase Shift (EPS), Dual Phase Shift (DPS) and Triple Phase Shift (TPS) modulation schemes. This leads to lesser current stress and power loss across the DAB converter switches due to reduced peak inverse current. The proposed controller strategy finds various applications, such as in a Solid-State Transformer (SST) enabled microgrid, or for Electric Vehicle (EV) Energy Storage Unit (ESU: battery, supercapacitor) integrations, etc. The proposed NCPF operation reduces battery (and supercapacitor) current stress by upto 71.8 %, and improves operative environment, thus fostering its health and lifecycle. In NCPF mode, if the rating of installed switches (current and voltage ratings) remains unchanged, its power transfer capability is marginally reduced by mere 10.0 %. In addition to this, the operating range (i.e., controlling range of phase shift (Φ) and modulation index (m)) remains unaffected. This paper summarizes the DAB NCPF operation in restricted power flow mode as a function of Φ and m through 3-D and 4-D graphs. Finally, working of NCPF DAB is tested via both simulation and hardware platforms. Comparative results are shown for conventional and proposed modulation schemes on hardware platform, to showcase the elimination of circulating current in both forward and reverse DAB operating modes. It is inferred that proposed controller is worthy of real-world implementations.

Smart Efficiency Tracking for Novel Switch—LLC Converter for Battery Charging Applications

In this study, a novel smart efficiency tracking (SET) algorithm for GaN-based LLC resonant converter for quick battery charging of light electric vehicles is proposed. Conventional frequency modulation (FM) method, single pulse width modulation method (S-PWM) and discontinuous operation mode method (DOM) are used to track the converter efficiency which varies for different loading conditions during the battery charging process. First, the charging modes are explained to define the efficiency variation clearly. Then, the theoretical background of GaN-based LLC resonant converter is presented and the details of design study are given. Third, the principles of three different switching control strategies, the modeling study and the simulation results are put forward. Finally, the details of the implementation of three different switching strategies are presented for the validation of the study. Furthermore, the implementation of the design and its impact on battery charging are discussed. The proposed efficiency tracking method is validated with a 20% efficiency increase for the low loading conditions of GaN-based LLC converter.

Port-Controlled Hamiltonian Based Controller for Three-Level Ćuk PFC Converter for Battery Charging Application

This paper reveals energy shaping passivity-based control methodology for a three-level (TL) Ćuk PFC converter. The proposed control methodology is based on the dynamic model of the system along with the idea of energy shaping and damping injection. First, a dynamic model of the TL Ćuk PFC converter is developed using the port-controlled Hamiltonian formulation and the state-space averaging technique. Then, the PCH control technique is implemented in the system and the stability analysis is carried out. In order to eliminate the steady state error, a PI controller is integrated with the PCH-PBC control scheme. Further, the performances of aforesaid system are investigated for battery charging application with the help of MATLAB/Simulink. To validate the simulation study, a prototype model of TL Ćuk PFC converter with proposed controller is built using OP-5142 real-time simulator and test results are recorded. Furthermore, the power quality features of TL Ćuk PFC converter are assessed through monitoring of input current THD under different operating conditions. To assess the system performance in terms of efficiency, input p.f., input current THD, and controller parameters, the proposed controller is compared with benchmark PI controller under dynamic variations at the input voltage and the load.

Design and implementation of highly efficient UPS charging system with single stage power factor correction using SEPIC converter

With the fast expanding utilization of intensity electronic hardware, dynamic force factor adjustment (PFC) has gotten essential for some kinds of intensity supplies in the market today. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) are broadly used to convey solid and excellent capacity to basic burdens under all lattice conditions. This paper proposes a high-recurrence secluded UPS framework for low force applications. The proposed framework comprises of a solitary stage AC-DC converter, SEPIC DC-DC converter, and a battery. The single-stage AC-DC converter gives galvanic segregation, input power factor remedy, and constant conduction of both information and yields current. The low battery bank voltage is ventured up to high DC-interface voltage by utilizing a high voltage gain SEPIC converter. In this paper, UPS charging system with almost unity power factor is proposed. In conventional systems, the bridge rectifier and DC-DC converter are used in this system. Using this methodology, the power factor and harmonics are decreased. We use the bridgeless SEPIC converter for battery charging applications. This system can perform rectification and DC to DC conversion stages with improved power factor and low harmonics. Current control method (MOSFET) is used for control logic. Design of the converter is done in MATLAB and analysed the PI controller with optimized Kp, Ki using GA intelligent control method.

Resonant Converter for Battery Charging Applications With CC/CV Output Profiles

In this paper, a novel resonant circuit topology is proposed for battery charging applications. Compared with traditional implemented circuits, the proposed topology can provide constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charging profiles for different battery states automatically. Specially, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turned on of switching devices can be realized at fixed operating frequency for different charging levels, which benefits the transferring efficiency and reduces the voltage stress of the switches. In addition, simple design methodology can be derived to improve system’s practicality and reliability, avoiding complex control strategy. Experimental results obtained from a 200 W prototype system show good agreement with calculated results, validating that the proposed topology can be used for battery charging systems.

DC DC Boost Converter for Battery Charging Application

Boost converter designed to improve output voltage with the use of coupled inductor and capacitor, two switch boost converter is connected in series with parallel to supply voltage. And output of converter is consists of two diodes and two output capacitor with load resistance. Turns ratio is 1:2 in between input and output circuit, capacitor voltage will be improved through the use of coupled inductor.

Design and Analysis of a New GaN-Based AC/DC Converter for Battery Charging Application

This paper reports on the design, analysis, and characterization of a simple gallium nitride (GaN)-based ac/dc converter for battery charging applications. The proposed converter combines the merits of GaN switching transistors together with the advantages of close-to-unity power factor of a totem-pole power factor corrector, a high-frequency (HF) isolated series resonant converter, and a current doubler rectifier to reduce the copper losses of the HF transformer. The converter is designed to convert a 120 Vac input to a 48 Vdc/60 Vdc output for a 1.5 kW battery load at 65–100 kHz. Its steady-state characteristics are analyzed based on equivalent circuit and state-space models while its frequency characteristics are analyzed using MATLAB simulations. Finally, an experimental prototype is fabricated and characterized.

Improved Power Quality Switched Inductor Cuk Converter for Battery Charging Applications

Most of the two-stage converters for electric bike battery charging comprise of a boost converter for power factor correction (PFC) followed by a dc–dc converter with universal input voltage. These two-stage conversions suffer from poor efficiency and increased component count. In this paper, a single-stage switched inductor Cuk converter based PFC converter is proposed, which offers high step-down gain, low current stress, high efficiency, and reduced component count. The operational analysis and design equations for various components of the proposed converter are carried out in continuous current mode. This paper presents mathematical modeling, analysis, simulation, and experimentation on the proposed converter rated for 500 W, 48 V/10.4 A. The performance investigation of the proposed converter with respect to power quality indices like voltage total harmonic distortion (THD), current THD, and total power factor is carried out with various types of loads such as resistive load and battery load in both constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) mode. Furthermore, the dynamic performance of the proposed converter with battery charging is investigated in CV mode and CC mode with respect to the wide range of supply variations.

Simulation and Analysis of Bridgeless Dual Boost PFC with LLC Resonant Converter for Battery Charging Applications

Simulation and Analysis of Bridgeless Dual Boost PFC with LLC Resonant Converter for Battery Charging Applications

FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) controlled solar based zero voltage and zero current switching DC–DC converter for battery storage applications

The objective of the paper is to develop a solar based soft switching isolated DC–DC converter for battery charging applications. The use of conventional boost converter is likely to decrease the efficiency because of hard switching, which generates loss during the switch on/off. But soft switching technique informs well with zero-current switching by the resonant inductor at turn-on, and zero-voltage switching by the resonant capacitor at turn-off. The major drawback of switched mode power converter operation is to produce EMI due to large dv/dt and di/dt during the time of switch mode operation. Therefore, to realize high switching frequencies in converters, the switching losses and EMI emission are reduced if each controlled switch in the converter is turn-on or turn-off only when current passing through and or voltage across the switch is zero. The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) controlled DC–DC converter is used to provide zero voltage and zero current switching of all the main power devices. In this paper, the gate pulses are generated from FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) controller. This paper also describes the main operational modes of the converter as well as its simulation and Hardware results.

Closed Loop Control of Full Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for Battery Charging Application

The Basic requirements of battery chargers with switching regulators are small sized and high efficiency. High switching frequency is necessary to achieve a small size. However, the switching loss will increase as the switching frequency is increased. This condition, in turn, decreases the efficiency. To solve this problem, some kinds of soft-switching techniques need to be used to operate under high switching frequency. One simple solution to a soft-switching converter is loaded resonant converters. By adopting these topologies, either voltage or current is zero during switching transition, which largely reduce the switching loss and also increase the reliability for the battery charger. It eliminates both low- and high frequency current ripple on the battery, thus maximizing battery life without penalizing the volume of the charger. The proposed work will be LLC resonant converter with closed loop control for battery charger applications.