Conversion Of Paddy Fields Research Articles

Converting paddy to upland alters soil neutral sugars by influencing microbial community and life history strategy

Neutral sugars, derived from plants and microorganisms, are essential components of the labile soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, serving as crucial C and energy sources for soil microorganisms and influencing the accumulation and stability of SOC. However, the extent and mechanisms of the change of soil neutral sugars after converting paddy fields to upland, remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of converting paddy fields to upland (vegetable and jasmine fields) on soil microbial communities and neutral sugars in Fuzhou, Fujian province, subtropics China. We found that the conversion of paddy fields (anaerobic) to uplands (aerobic) significantly decreased neutral sugars and altered their composition, while increasing the relative proportion of microbial-derived sugars (e.g., galactose and mannose). Compared to paddy soil, the total neutral sugars were reduced by 20.6–51.9 %, and microbial diversity was also reduced, shifting dominant species from r-strategists to K-strategists in vegetable and jasmine field soil. These results suggest that the conversion of paddy fields to uplands is unfavorable for soil C sequestration, but potentially enhance the soil C stability. Random forest and correlation analyses indicated that the changes in soil microbial community composition and life history strategies significantly influence the concentrations and composition of neutral sugars in soils. Overall, these findings underscore the critical roles of microbial diversity and life strategies in shaping soil C dynamics, suggesting that the agriculture practices that promote microbial diversity and support K-strategists may enhance soil C stability and sequestration.

Gambut Muslim Community and Their Environmental Conservation; Intertwin among Fiqh, Economy, and Policy Factors

Islamic eco-theology doctrines encourage believers to care for the environment and forbids destructive actions that could harm or degrade the environmental condition. However, in recent years, many paddy fields and peatlands in Banjar Regency, which should have been preserved for environmental restoration, have been transformed into residential areas. Therefore, this research aims to explore factors influencing the conversion in the Gambut Subdistrict, Banjar Regency, ranging from a religious perspective or fiqh, the economic situation of local people, and relevant regulation enforcement. The research is a field study with a mixed-method approach. Data collection involved 120 respondents residing in the Gambut Subdistrict. Additionally, interviews were conducted with community leaders, organizational representatives, and local government officials. Using a multiple regression approach, the study found that since 2000, 55 new residential complexes have been constructed in the region. The research findings reveal that although economic factors have a minimal impact on environmental conservation variables, fiqh perspectives, and policy variables do affect significantly. These three factors, namely fiqh perspectives, economic factors, and policies collectively exert a significant influence on environmental conservation. Qualitatively, the primary cause of the conversion of paddy fields and peatlands into residential areas is the lack of environmental fiqh literacy. This deficiency has resulted in low awareness of the importance of preserving paddy fields and peatlands as environmental support areas, leaving them vulnerable to encroachment by capital owners eager to develop residential areas. Furthermore, weak oversight by authorities and policymakers has exacerbated this situation.

Land survey assistance and its potential for the provision of sustainable agricultural land in East Barito District [Pendampingan survei lahan dan potensinya untuk penyediaan lahan pertanian berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Barito Timur

The conversion of rice paddy fields into oil palm plantations and mining sites in East Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan, poses a significant threat to the sustainability of agriculture. If this trend continues, the availability of land suitable for farming will decline. This study aims to assist local communities in the identification and management of sustainable agricultural land. The activities were conducted in Wuran Village, Karusen District, East Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan, from July to August 2024. The methods employed in this community service include interviews and assistance in soil suitability surveys as well as analysis of nutrient content at the site. Interview results indicate that 90% of respondents found the program beneficial. Soil surveys, analyzed with pH as a primary indicator, revealed a low pH of 4.5, necessitating interventions to raise it closer to the neutral pH of 6. Efforts undertaken include improving water management through the construction of bunds and the application of lime. Nutrient analysis showed that nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) levels were categorized as moderate to low. To enhance land productivity, it is recommended to increase doses of urea, SP-36, and KCl according to guidelines, along with the application of organic amendments such as straw. In conclusion, the enthusiasm of the community for the assistance provided indicates the potential for sustainable agricultural practices on their land. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the development of more sustainable agricultural strategies in the region.

Implikasi Pertumbuhan Penduduk dan Alih Fungsi Lahan Sawah terhadap Ketahanan Pangan di Provinsi Gorontalo

This study investigates the implications of population growth and the conversion of paddy fields on rice food security in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, during 2018–2023. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design with panel regression analysis, the research examines the relationship between population growth, paddy field conversion, and rice food security as a dependent variable. The findings reveal that both population growth and paddy field conversion significantly and positively influence rice food security. Population growth raises demand for rice, while paddy field conversion threatens production capacity, intensifying food security challenges. The results suggest that addressing land-use changes and managing population growth are crucial for maintaining sustainable food availability. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of food security and provides recommendations for policymakers to design effective strategies in balancing population needs, agricultural sustainability, and economic development in Gorontalo.

Determinan Keputusan Petani Mengelola Usahatani Padi Di Lahan Suboptimal

The conversion of paddy fields seriously impacts rice availability for national food reserves, so the government is implementing a sub-optimal land extension program. Indonesia has suboptimal land that has the potential to become a national rice barn if appropriately managed. The types of suboptimal land most widely used in rice cultivation are lowland and tidal swamps, where the community can work. This research analyzes the determinants of rice farmers' decisions in managing suboptimal land. This research was conducted in West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, with a sample of 90 rice farmers. Data were analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression method. The determining factors are seen from the demographic and economic aspects. The research results show that factors that significantly influence farmers' decisions to choose tidal land from the demographic aspect are age and farming experience; from the economic element are the number of family dependents, land ownership status, and non-farming income. The significant determining factors in farmers' decisions to manage lowland swamp land from the demographic aspect are age and farming experience, and from the economic element are the number of family dependents and non-farming income. From the research, recommendations that can maximize the use of suboptimal land are increasing promotion and education to the community about rice cultivation on suboptimal land, providing easy access for farmers to rent land, and it is hoped that farmers will continue to have non-farming income to balance household needs and procurement of capital and farming input.

Revealing Food Fulfillment Threads and Innovative Technology for Enhancing Rice Productivity and Ensuring the Food Security in Indonesia

Ensuring food security by Indonesia's Golden Year in 2045 presents a formidable challenge, with advancements in agricultural technology anticipated to play a crucial role in attaining this goal. Rice is the major food crop in Indonesia, and its consumption is still considerably high, indicating that daily nutrient uptake relies on its grain. However, the current population of Indonesia demanding rice is 31.2 million tons and this number of populations will grow at the rate of 0.41 percent. The rice consumption of the Indonesian people is quite high, namely 114.6 kg per person per year. The rice harvest area in 2023 decreased by 2.45%, from 10.45 million hectares to 10.20 million hectares, resulting in rice production which also decreased from 31.54 million tons to 30.90 million tons. The average conversion of paddy fields to non-harvest areas in Indonesia reached 100,000 hectares per year. Meanwhile, the average ability to print rice fields is only 60,000 hectares a year. This means that there is a difference in the conversion of paddy fields of around 40,000 hectares per year. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to elucidate how agricultural technology can enhance rice production across different land types in Indonesia, thus supporting food security efforts. To achieve the objectives of this research, a systematic literature review method was used. The result of this study shows that the amalgamation of diverse technological advancements and innovative practices in rice cultivation holds immense promise in bolstering productivity, bolstering sustainability, and tackling nutritional deficiencies. Prospectively, the use of cutting-edge technology offers some insights that can be input for policy formulation, technological innovation, and community engagement strategies aimed at creating a safer, fairer, and more sustainable food future for Indonesia to achieve food security by 2045.

Analysis of The Implementation of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection Policy in Bandung District: A Case Study of Rice Field Conversion in Cikancung District

The policy of sustainable protection of agricultural land becomes crucial in addressing land degradation and land use conversion, especially from agriculture to non-agriculture, alongside the increasing demand for land due to population growth and economic development, which can lead to negative impacts such as a decrease in food security, marginalization of agricultural land, and an increase in flood risks. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Sustainable Protection of Food Agricultural Land Policy, understand the rate of paddy field conversion, and identify trends in land conversion after the policy's enforcement. This study employs a qualitative approach, with data obtained through interviews, observations, and documentary studies. The research is conducted in Bandung Regency, with samples taken from Cikancung Sub-district, Bandung Regency, West Java Province. Informants involved in this research are selected through judgment sampling and are individuals related to the sustainable protection of agricultural land policy and relevant stakeholders. Data analysis is conducted using qualitative and spatial analysis. The research findings indicate that the implementation of sustainable agricultural land protection policy in Bandung Regency is still in the socialization and planning stages. Based on spatial analysis, the implementation of the policy in Cikancung Sub-district has led to the conversion of paddy fields, particularly in non-technical irrigation paddy fields, predominantly converted into industrial land. This conversion covers a total area of 20.3 hectares, with the most significant change occurring in non-technical irrigation paddy fields converted into industries, covering an area of 13.7 hectares. Based on internal, external, and policy analysis, it can be concluded that the policy implementation in Cikancung Sub-district has not been optimal in addressing the conversion of paddy fields.

Analyzing land use changes in Grogol District, Sukoharjo, Indonesia: A study from 2013 to 2019

The phenomenon of land use change in Grogol District, Sukoharjo Regency, between 2013 and 2019. The district, which was previously primarily an agricultural area with rice fields, has experienced a shift in land use towards settlements and shopping/industrial centers. Grogol District is a crucial access road connecting Surakarta City with Wonogiri Regency, making it a strategic location for industrial development. The study aims to analyze the changes in land use in Grogol District during the specified time frame and identify the factors influencing these changes. The research utilizes the comparison and overlay methods, using data on land use from 2013 and 2019. The findings indicate that the dominant change in land use is the conversion of paddy fields into industrial land, covering an area of 127.96 hectares. Several factors contribute to these changes, including the growth of economic facilities, population, and population density. Additionally, the district’s adjacency to Surakarta City plays a role in the land use transformation. As Surakarta City faces limitations in available land for development, the economic infrastructure development has been redirected to Grogol District.

Reduce the conversion of paddy fields to strengthen food security in Dabun Gelang sub-district

This study aimed to determine how much rice field land is converted and how much rice is needed in Dabun Gelang Sub-District, Gayo Lues Regency, Aceh Province. Use ArcGIS apps and 2011 and 2019 Land Use Maps. To see the change in the conversion of rice fields to non-rice fields using the overlay technique between the two maps to obtain a map of changes in rice fields and the extent of changes. Furthermore, the rice demand in Dabun Gelang District was produced by comparing the projected number of residents in 2023, 2025, 2030, and 2033. The results showed that during the period between 2011 and 2019, there was a conversion of rice fields to settlements covering an area of 41.80 Ha (5.06%), rice fields to thickets covering an area of 0.0003 Ha (0.00%), rice fields to plantation forests covering an area of 32.25 Ha (3.91%) and rice fields to dryland agriculture covering an area of 0.001 Ha (0.00%). The projected rice demand in Dabun Gelang District in 2023 is 2,256,320 kg/person/year. In 2025, it is 2,326,400 kg/person/year. In 2030, it will be 2,501,120 kg/person/year; in 2033, it will be 2,606,080 kg/person/year.

Agroecological Nutrient Management Strategy for Attaining Sustainable Rice Self-Sufficiency in Indonesia

Rice self-sufficiency is central to Indonesia’s agricultural development, but the country is increasingly challenged by population growth, climate change, and arable land scarcity. Agroecological nutrient management offers solutions though optimized fertilization, enhanced organic matter and biofertilizer utilizations, and improved farming systems and water management. Besides providing enough nutrients for crops, the agroecological approach also enhances resilience to climate change, reduces the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, and improves the biological functions of rice soil. Organic and bio fertilizers can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. For example, blue-green algae may contribute 30–40 kg N ha−1, while the application of phosphate solubilizing microbes can reduce the use of chemical phosphorous fertilizers by up to 50 percent. The country currently experiences substantial yield gaps of about 37 percent in irrigated and 48 percent in rain-fed rice. Achieving self-sufficiency requires that Indonesia accelerates annual yield growth through agroecological nutrient management from a historical 40 kg ha−1 year−1 to 74 kg ha−1 year−1. The aim is to raise the average yield from the current 5.2 t ha−1 year−1 to 7.3 t ha−1 year−1 by 2050. Simultaneously, controlling paddy field conversion to a maximum of 30,000 hectares per year is crucial. This strategic approach anticipates Indonesia’s milled rice production to reach around 40 million metric tonnes (Mt) by 2050, with an expected surplus of about 4 Mt.

Effect of Agricultural Land Function Transfer on Urban Development in North Kuta District

Land use change in general concerns the transformation in allocating land resources from one designation to another. The aims of this study were (1) to identify problems with the conversion of agricultural land, especially paddy fields (2) to analyze its spatial pattern and the influencing factors, and (3) to analyze policies related to the conversion of agricultural land. This study used a qualitative approach, collecting data using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative. The research was conducted in North Kuta District, Badung Regency. The conclusions from this study are (1) the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural use is strongly influenced by the dynamics of very rapid urban growth, both from a demographic, economic, and physical perspective. 2) The spatial pattern of the conversion of paddy fields is influenced by socio-economic factors, including urban population growth, growth and shifts in economic structure, growth of land-using agricultural households, and changes in the area of land tenure. 3) The policy related to controlling the conversion of agricultural land is the consistency of the implementation of the District RDTR as the key to preventing the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land.

The Potential of Rice Field Development as a Hinterland for The New Capital City

Rice fields in North Penajam Paser Regency continue to experience conversion. The plan to move the capital city to North Penajam Paser Regency can lead to an expansion of paddy field conversion. Babulu Subdistrict is a sub-district in North Penajam Paser Regency that has the largest area of rice fields, so it has considerable potential for providing food for the new capital city. In order to forecast rice fields in 2031 using cellular automata-markov chain modeling and to examine the potential of rice fields in the hinterland area of the future capital city, this study will look at changes in land use from 2009 to 2020. Land use changes were interpreted using 2009 Landsat 5 TM and 2014 and 2020 Maxar Technologies imagery. The driving factors used in this research are distance from road, distance from settlement, distance from river, slope, and elevation. The findings revealed that the number of rice fields in the Babulu Subdistrict raised in 2014 and declined in 2020. The rice fields’ transformations took place in places with easy access and level terrain. Rice fields are predicted to decline in 2031 because they have turned into oil palm plantations. Priority III dominates the potential for rice fields in Babulu Subdistrict with regard to the suitability of land development directives. Meanwhile, Priority I has the smallest area and is in the lowlands, which tend to be flat, far from roads, close to rivers, and immediate to irrigation networks.

Arahan dan Strategi Perlindungan Lahan Sawah Untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Di Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan

Integration of Maros Regency into the KSN Mamminasata and the increasing population has increased the conversion of rice fields. This research aims to (a) Analyze conversion of rice fields in Maros Regency period 2013-2042 (b) Analyze status of food balance in Maros Regency period 2023-2042, and (c) Formulate directions and strategies for protecting rice fields to support food availability in Maros Regency. The method used is visual interpretation of spot 5 satelite in 2012 and 2022 to obtain data on rice fields. The trend of paddy field conversion was obtained using spatial analysis. Paddy field data for 2042 was obtained based on prediction results using the Artificial Neurol Network (ANN) model using Land Change Modeler (LCM) application. Status of food balance in Maros Regency is obtained from the area of paddy fields in 2022 and 2042. The protection of paddy fields is based on 3 scenarios, using the rational method. Formulation of directions and strategies using the A'WOT method. The results of this research showed that land conversion in Maros Regency for the 2013-2023 period was 1,946 ha or 7%, while the 2023-2042 period had increased to 3,722 ha or 15%. The status of land balance in Maros Regency is a deficit from 2022 to 2042. The area of paddy fields must be protected to provide local food availability at 4,940 ha. The strategy for protecting rice fields is a strategy to improve the quality of rice fields to increase productivity, and strengthening policies that are more consistent and consequential.

Management and application of specific location food crop technologies based on ecoregional dry land in central Sulawesi (A Review)

To achieve food self-sufficiency and food independence, government has been implementing some programs. Those programs generally face two basic problems, namely: 1. A high conversion of paddy fields in to industries and housing area which are in line with the growth of population. 2. Global climate change which causes more frequently of drought and floods in both dry and lowland farming. Dry land is very extensive in Central Sulawesi which can be used as a new source of food production to reach food self sufficiency, while it has not been optimally utilized yet. Thus, Central Sulawesi Province has potency to become a food buffer region in Indonesia by optimizing the utilization of dry land along with the application of specific location technologies. Some technologies which could be simultaneously applied in dry land are high-yield varieties selection, improving cropping patterns, rotation of varieties, modification of cropping systems, and specific location fertilization. This article will discuss or review the results of research that have been carried out in dryland management, the use of adaptive superior varieties, and planting patterns that can significantly increase land productivity and farmer income. So comprehensive planning is needed to improve and optimize the use of dry land. To speed up technology in certain locations, a collaboration between local governments, especially extension services, research institutions and universities is needed to encourage the production and productivity of food crops in dry lands.

Persepsi Petani Terhadap Alih Fungsi Lahan Sawah di Subak Cuculan Kota Denpasar

Farmers' Perceptions on the Transfer of Functions of Rice Land in Subak Cuculan, City of Denpasar
 Every year agricultural land is shrinking. In 2017-2018, Subak Cuculan experienced the largest land conversion in South Denpasar covering an area of 40ha. Rice fields are converted to non-agricultural sectors. This study aims to determine the farmers' perception of the conversion of rice fields in the Cuculan subak by making the farmers a member of the Cuculan subak as respondents. Data was collected by interview, documentation, and observation. The data that has been collected is processed using qualitative descriptive. Sampling of 30 farmers with a simple random method, the assessment uses a Likert scale to obtain valid and reliable research results. Farmers' perceptions of the conversion of paddy fields in the Cuculan subak are seen from 4 aspects. Resulting in the conclusion that farmers' perceptions of land conversion on the economic aspect scored 3.21 (neutral), the socio-cultural aspect scored 3.13 (neutral), the technical aspect got a score of 2.66 (neutral), and the environmental aspect got a score of 3.24 (neutral). Suggestions that can be given by researchers on each aspect: the economic aspect can increase the subsidy for the supply of production factors, the sociocultural aspect increases the intensity of meetings and communication, the technical aspect makes it easier to access production factors such as seeds and the environmental aspect increases the action against violations of regulations related to the disposal of factory waste.

Waqf of Raw Paddy Fields: A Model to Boost Sustainable Agricultural Land Protection in Indonesia’s Central Java Province

<em>The high conversion of paddy fields in Central Java as Indonesia's most extensive rice production center is a crucial issue affecting future food security. This paper aims to design a waqf model for paddy fields integrated with the Rice Market Center (RMC) to maintain the integrity and sustainability of agricultural land and increase farmers' welfare. This study utilizes a qualitative method with a library research approach by adopting qualitative content analysis, which is strengthened by collecting primary data through in-depth interviews with experts of regulators, practitioners, and academics in the field of waqf and agriculture. The results indicate that the model of waqf management of paddy fields can be implemented through collaboration between nazhir and anchor companies (AC) in the form of regionally owned enterprises or agricultural SMEs. AC will act as an off-taker from the farmers' cooperative, then sell their processed products to RMC distribution channels such as state civil apparatus, modern markets, or Islamic boarding schools. This integration model is expected to be an alternative in increasing the welfare of farmers as well as food security in Central Java province</em><em>.</em>

Prediksi Tutupan Lahan dalam Melihat Perkembangan Lahan Sawah di Kota Gorontalo Menggunakan Permodelan Cellular Automata

Land development in Indonesia currently tends to have a significant impact on land use change. Gorontalo City is one of the provincial capitals which currently still has an area of more than 800 ha of rice fields. The growing issue related to rice fields is that 50% of the currently identified rice fields will become built up land because they have accessibility and facilities that support the development of built up land. The purpose of this study is to predict the development of land cover in the City of Gorontalo and to analyze the conversion of paddy fields into built-up land. Rice fields are productive lands that are quite important in Gorontalo City, so it is necessary to know how much the reduction is due to the development of built-up land. The dynamics of land cover changes spatially will be analyzed using the Cellular Automata (CA) model with a period of 10 years. The results obtained from this study indicate that the prediction of land cover development with a validation value of 0.55 (Accuracy of Moderate), especially built-up land in 2030 increases by 592 Ha and the conversion of paddy fields into built-up land in 2030 covers an area of 300 Ha in the District North City. The results of this study can be used as recommendations and considerations for Gorontalo City government policies in controlling land in order to achieve a sustainable city.

Spatial analysis of paddy field change in Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia

Food is a basic human need. The state must strive to meet the availability of food for people in a sustainable manner. One of the efforts is to maintain and develop paddy fields as a food source as a supplier of 95% of national rice production. The conversion of paddy fields is a reason of decreasing of food production in Purwakarta Regency, which impact on food availability and security. This research was aimed to provide a portrait of the rate of conversion of paddy fields in Purwakarta. This research is a quantitative descriptive research using spatial analysis to compare two period of times: 2013-2017 period and the 2017-2021 period. The results of spatial analysis in the 2013-2017 period showed that Purwakarta Regency experienced a reduction in paddy fields by 195.55 ha (1%) consisting of paddy fields turned into industry 117.99 ha; roads 5.72 ha; settlements of 42.30 ha and housing, trade and services of 29.55 ha. Meanwhile, in the 2013-2017 period, paddy fields turned into industry 151.72 ha, roads by 23.54 ha, settlements 196.76 ha, and housing, trade and services 29.81 ha. The results of this study reinforce that the reduction in food production in Purwakarta was caused by the conversion of paddy fields into other uses during the 2013-2017 and 2017-2021 periods.

Farmers' Perspective on Converting Their Paddy Fields in West Java Province

The conversion of paddy fields continues to increase rapidly, potentially affecting rice production and threatening national food/rice security. This paper presents farmers' perspectives on various indicators of drivers, controllers and decision-making influencing land conversion. The study is based on a policy and literature approach, supported by field studies using qualitative-quantitative mixed methods in West Java Province. The results show that the driving indicators of land conversion are near main roads/highways; near settlements/trade/industry/ services; and densely populated. Indicators of restraining conversion are space utilization in line with the Spatial Plan; provision of incentives for means of production; and the imposition of land tax disincentives. The most decisive indicators of conversion decision making for farmers' choices are the control / ownership of narrow rice fields; and the production value of rice fields is low.

ANALISIS DAMPAK ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN KE NON PERTANIANTERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN DI KECAMATAN GONDANGREJO KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR TAHUN 2011 – 2020

The ever-increasing population growth and the construction of various public facilities have led to the conversion of agricultural land in Gondangrejo District. With the conversion of agricultural land functions, it can threaten the food security of the population in the region. This study aims to: (1) Find out about land conversion in Gondangejo District in 2011–2020. (2) Knowing the level of food security of the population in Gondangrejo District. (3) Evaluating the impact of land conversion on the food security of the population in Gondangrejo District in 2020. This research uses a qualitative method. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation and data collection. The data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study are (1) Interpretation of remote sensing imagery in 2011, 2015, and 2020 shows the results of the conversion of agricultural land in Gondangrejo District, where the use of paddy fields in 2011 was 4,037.71 ha or around 66.5% to 1,903, 90 ha or around 31.04% of the total area of land use in Gondangrejo District, so that the conversion of paddy fields that occurred was 2,133.81 ha or around 52.85%. (2) The average population food security for Gondangrejo District is food security. Because there is a surplus value of food availability of 1,323.76 tons or 15.28% of the value of 100% food needs. (3) The impact of changing the function of paddy fields causes a decrease in rice production by an average of 694.91 tons/year. However, the food security of the population is maintained despite land conversion. The T-test shows that there is a significant difference in the level of food needs between before and after land conversion occurs.