Convergent Validity Research Articles

Comparing EQ-5D-5L, PROPr, SF-6D and TTO utilities in patients with chronic skin diseases.

We aim to compare the measurement properties of three indirect (EQ-5D-5L, PROPr, SF-6D) and one direct (time trade-off, TTO) utility assessment methods in patients with chronic skin diseases. 120 patients with physician-diagnosed chronic skin diseases (psoriasis 39%, atopic dermatitis 27%, acne 19%) completed a cross-sectional survey. Respondents completed the EQ-5D-5L, PROMIS-29+2 and SF-36v1 questionnaires and a 10-year TTO task for own current health. Utilities were computed using the US value sets. Ceiling, convergent and known-group validity were compared across the utilities derived with these four methods. Known-groups were defined based on general, physical and mental health. The agreement between utilities was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Mean utilities for the EQ-5D-5L, PROPr, SF-6D and TTO were 0.79, 0.47, 0.76 and 0.89. In corresponding order, the ceiling was 28%, 0%, 2% and 65%. The SF-6D showed excellent agreement with the EQ-5D-5L (ICC = 0.770). PROPr demonstrated poor agreement with the EQ-5D-5L (ICC = 0.381) and fair with SF-6D utilities (ICC = 0.445). TTO utilities showed poor agreement with indirectly assessed utilities (ICC = 0.058-0.242). The EQ-5D-5L better discriminated between known groups of general and physical health, while the SF-6D and PROPr outperformed the EQ-5D-5L for mental health problems. There is a great variability in utilities across the four methods in patients with chronic skin conditions. The EQ-5D-5L, despite its higher ceiling, appears to be the most efficient in discriminating between patient groups for physical health aspects. Our findings inform the choice of instrument for quality-adjusted life year calculations in cost-utility analyses.

Inventory of sensory, emotional, and cognitive reserve (SECri): Proposal of a new instrument and preliminary data

A new model of reserve, the Sensory, Emotional, and Cognitive Reserve (SEC) model, has been recently proposed, but so far this model has not been operationalized in instruments to evaluate the different domains of the reserve. This study introduces the SEC reserve inventory (SECri) along with preliminary data obtained from a study involving 57 adults, aged 35 and older. The SECri assesses the SEC domains using specific proxies: (a) sensory reserve (SR) through sensory acuity and sensory perception proxies; (b) emotional reserve (ER) through life events, resilience, and emotional regulation proxies; and (c) cognitive reserve (CR) through education, occupation, socioeconomic status, bilingualism, leisure activities, and personality traits proxies. Key features of SECri include self- and informant-report forms, fine-grained response scales, and the evaluation of reserve development across the lifespan. Findings on the acceptability, convergent validity between SECri domains and validated tests for the same constructs, internal consistency of each domain, and predictive validity of Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores support further research with this inventory. Future studies should consider determining SECri’s psychometric properties in clinical and subclinical conditions to evaluate its prognostic value in cases of neurocognitive decline.

Development and validation of the Health Activation Scale for Children (HAS-C): an important intermediate outcome measure for health promotion initiatives

BackgroundValid and reliable measures for assessing health activation in school-aged children are currently lacking. This study aimed to develop a scale to measure health activation and evaluate its psychometric properties among English-speaking primary school children in Singapore.MethodsThe development of the Health Activation Scale for Children (HAS-C) involved an extensive literature review, expert consultations, cognitive interviews with primary school children, and thorough discussions for dimension and item refinement. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 597 children aged 8 to 12 years, recruited from four mainstream primary schools, comprising 50.1% boys and 64.8% Chinese students. The potential scale, along with other measures, was independently completed by the children. Descriptive statistics were provided for individual scale items. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to assess factorial validity. Convergent validity was examined by correlating the scale scores with scores of health confidence and self-efficacy measures. Hypothesis-testing validity was evaluated by assessing the scale’s correlation with self-reported health behaviours, including daily consumption of vegetables and fruits, time spent on sedentary activities and physical activities. Internal consistency reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsEFA suggested a three-factor structure for the 12-item HAS-C, which was subsequently confirmed by CFA with a good model fit. All three HAS-C dimension scores demonstrated moderate correlations (rho = 0.34–0.52) with health confidence and self-efficacy measures, indicating good convergent validity. They were positively correlated with more vegetable and fruit intakes, more time spent on exercises, and negatively correlated with time spent on sedentary activities, supporting hypothesis-testing validity. Internal consistency reliability for individual HAS-C dimensions was generally acceptable, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.70 or above.ConclusionThe 12-item multi-dimensional HAS-C exhibited good validity and reliability, making it a valuable tool for assessing health activation in primary school-aged children.

Satisfaction with family life scale: a validity and reliability study in the Turkish context

BackgroundThe family is one of the most important pillars of society. They provide strong feelings of security, emotional support, and belonging. Family health has a significant impact on the welfare of people and society as a whole.ObjectivesThis study aimed to create the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS) for Türkiye by modifying the well-known Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) first developed by Diener et al. (1985) and to evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodThe present study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance, convergent validity, and internal consistency of the SWFLS. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed on data from a research group of 646 participants aged 18–71 years (M = 31.71, SD = 11.79) in Study 1. As part of the validity assessment, CFA confirmed the unidimensional structure of the SWFLS. The reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α), composite reliability, and the McDonald 0mega (ω). In Study 2, the scale was administered to a new group of 555 participants aged 18 to 67 years (M = 36.4, SD = 9.73) to assess its criterion validity. Test-retest reliability was assessed using a sample of 48 undergraduate students via the intraclass correlation coefficient model 2.1 (ICC2,1).ResultsThe CFA’s results verified the SWFLS’s single-factor model. The internal consistency coefficients of Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω were both 0.93. The composite reliability value was 0.94. The result of test-retest reliability (ICC2,1) was 0.96 and ranged from the ICC2,1 value of 0.85 to 0.90 for items of the SWFLS. Multigroup analysis supported full measurement invariance across genders for the SWFLS. Corrected item correlations ranged from 0.75 0.85. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and SWFLS were shown to have a positive correlation (r = .483, p 0.001), which supports the idea that the two scales have similar convergent validity.ConclusionsBased on these results, the Turkish SWFLS version can be utilized to measure family life satisfaction in the Turkish sample and has appropriate psychometric validity and reliability.

New norm values of the brief resilience scale (BRS) from the German general population with new post-COVID-19 data

BackgroundThe concept of psychological resilience has spurred extensive research across various fields, with the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) emerging as a concise tool to measure an individual’s ability to rebound from stress. It has been translated into multiple languages, including German, but the validation of the German version occurred prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine new norm values and psychometric properties of the BRS.MethodsNorm values, the factor structure, reliability and validity of the BRS were examined using data from a representative survey of the German general population (N = 2522).ResultsThe results indicated that the method-factor model showed the best fit, suggesting a nuanced understanding of resilience beyond a single-factor approach. The BRS demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity based on both latent and manifest correlations. Moreover, the study revealed increasing postpandemic resilience scores.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide support for the psychometric reliability and validity of the German version of the BRS after the COVID-19 pandemic and underscore the importance of assessing resilience amidst evolving societal challenges and highlight the need for further exploration in diverse populations.

Validation of Rosenberg self-esteem scale among Norwegian adolescents – psychometric properties across samples

BackgroundSelf-esteem refers to the evaluative and affective dimensions of the self-concept and is important for positive mental health and overall functioning during adolescence. The Rosenberg Self-esteem scale (RSES) is one of the most frequently used and widely accepted instruments assessing self-esteem; however, the psychometric properties of the instrument have not been investigated in a Norwegian adolescent population. The present study’s aim is to investigate the factor structure, construct validity and reliability of the RSES among adolescents 14–21 years.MethodsThe study was based on two cross-sectional samples (n = 1,233/ n = 1,816) of adolescents from rural and urban areas in Mid-Norway. Concerning the dimensionality of the RSES, two measurement models were tested using Principal Component Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: a one-factor model and a two-factor-model.ResultsThe results show that a two-factor solution of positive and negative aspects of self-esteem representing “perceived personal competence” and “self-value” had the best fit across the two adolescent samples. The RSES also showed high reliability and correlated in expected directions with measures of life satisfaction, stress, and self-efficacy, supporting the convergent validity of the instrument.ConclusionThe psychometric properties of the RSES need to be further evaluated in Norwegian adolescent populations based on the dimensionality found in the present study; however overall, the results indicate that the instrument is appropriate for assessing self-esteem among Norwegian adolescents.

Validity of the PROMIS® Early Childhood Physical Activity Scale among toddlers

BackgroundThe PROMIS® Early Childhood Physical Activity (PROMIS EC PA) scale is a recently developed PROMIS Early Childhood measure to assess PA among children aged 1–5 years. The purpose of this study was to examine test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the PROMIS EC PA scale among toddlers.MethodAn ancillary study was conducted in the toddler-mother dyad sample of the Child and Mother Physical Activity Study. Mothers completed the 7-item PROMIS EC PA scale twice: during a study visit (test) and on the last day when their child’s wore an ActiGraph accelerometer on the hip for 7 days (retest). The PROMIS EC PA summed score was calculated by totaling scores from items 1–5. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test and retest PROMIS EC PA. Convergent validity was assessed using rank correlation coefficients (rho) between PROMIS EC PA scores and accelerometer-measured moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA).ResultsAmong 74 participants (56% female; 19 ± 4 months of mean age with range of 12–30 months), average accelerometer-measured MVPA was 76 ± 24 min/day. The median number of days between PROMIS EC PA test and retest was 8 days (IQR = 6 to 8), with an average PROMIS EC PA summed score of 11.0 ± 3.5 at test and 10.5 ± 3.4 at retest. ICC for the test-retest PROMIS EC PA summed scores was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.59–0.82). The rank correlation between the PROMIS EC PA summed score and accelerometer-measured MVPA was 0.13 (95% CI=-0.10 to 0.35; p = 0.28).ConclusionIn a sample of children aged 12–30 months, test-retest reliability for the PROMIS EC PA scale was moderate and its convergent validity against accelerometer-measured MVPA was poor. Prior to a widespread use of the PROMIS EC PA scale in large-scale research and clinical practice, the tool should be further refined and validated to elucidate how young children’s lived PA experience as measured in the PROMIS EC PA scale is relevant to their health and wellbeing outcomes.

Validating a Short-Form Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Among Chinese Early Adolescents

Abstract Objectives While an increasing number of mindfulness-based interventions have shown promising effects in improving child and youth well-being, mindfulness research remains challenged by using valid multifaceted measurements to operationalize the complicated concept of mindfulness across cultural contexts. This study examines the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the short-form Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in Chinese nonclinical early adolescents. Method Participants were 551 Chinese early adolescents (mean age = 10.38 ± 0.80, 41.38% girls). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were conducted to test factor structure and dimensionality of the short-form FFMQ. Measurement invariance was tested by gender and grade. Internal consistency and convergent validity were assessed. Results Our results support the validity of a three-factor, 15-item version of the FFMQ (FFMQ-15) that includes Attention (4 items from the original Actaware subscale, 1 item from the Describe subscale), Observe (4 items from the Observe subscale, 1 item from the Nonreact subscale), and Internal Awareness (3 items from the Nonjudge subscale, 2 items from the Describe subscale). Cronbach’s α for the FFMQ-15 total score was 0.82, and McDonald’s ω was 0.86 (subscales: α = 0.66 to 0.79, ω = 0.71 to 0.82). FFMQ-15 showed acceptable measurement invariance across gender and grade. These findings support the internal consistency and validity of FFMQ-15 among Chinese early adolescents. Conclusions This study validates a short-version FFMQ among Chinese early adolescents. Our findings warrant further cross-cultural research of adolescents’ understanding of mindfulness facets. Preregistration This study is not preregistered.

Validation of the German version of the Perceived Cohesion Scale.

Team or group cohesion is a multifaceted construct with a variety of definitions and measurement instruments. However, most of these measures are context and group-specific and/or time-consuming. There is no adaptable and economic measure of group cohesion in Germany. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate the German version of the 6-item Perceived Cohesion Scale (PCS) in a sample of adult nurses in a German University Hospital. The German version of the PCS was generated according to existing guidelines. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess factor structure. Reliability was tested via internal consistency. To assess convergent and divergent validity, the authors applied the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Social Support Inventory (ESSI), the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a 2-factor structure. Psychometric properties of the German PCS prove satisfactory. Internal consistency was excellent for the whole scale (α = 0.95), as well as for both subscales: sense of belonging (SOB) (α = 0.94) and morale (MOR) (α = 0.93). Moderate to strong correlations with the subscales of COPSOQ (Kendall's Tau (τ) = 0.239 - 0.471) indicated very good convergent validity. Regarding divergent validity, the correlations of the PCS subscales and the PHQ-4 were low (τ = -0.109-[-0.143]), as were the correlations with ESSI (τ = 0.045-0.136). Correlations with ERI were low to moderate (τ = -0.181-0.283). The German version of the PCS showed good psychometric properties. Due to its economic and universal deployment, group cohesion can be measured in a variety of contexts and settings. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(4).

Initial development of a sleep health literacy scale

ObjectivesHealth literacy includes the skills necessary for effective communication with health professionals, understanding health instructions, and recognizing health needs. Our study aimed to create a novel measure of sleep health literacy—an individual's capacity to comprehend sleep-related information and navigate sleep-related healthcare services. MethodsThe Sleep Health Literacy scale consists of two subscales: “Sleep Health Communication” (11 Likert-scale items assessing access to resources and communication with healthcare providers) and “Sleep Health Knowledge” (46 true/false items assessing specific knowledge of sleep health). The Sleep Health Literacy scale was completed by 154 undergraduate students (mean age=20.96years; 79.87% female) in study 1. In study 2, an additional sample of 251 participants (mean age=20.23years; 79.87% female) completed the Sleep Health Literacy scale, along with measures of convergent and discriminant validity. ResultsExploratory factor analysis results in study 1 revealed a two-factor structure for the “Sleep Health Communication” subscale (“comprehension” and “critical application”). The subscale demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.81) and inter-item and item-total correlations. On the “Sleep Health Knowledge” subscale, participants answered 76.36% of items correctly. In study 2, the Sleep Health Literacy had good convergent validity with Sleep Beliefs Scale and the All Aspect of Health Literacy Scale. ConclusionsThe Sleep Health Literacy scale offers a standardized measure to assess sleep health literacy, an understudied domain that has important links to health. This measure may allow researchers and clinicians to better understand how to improve sleep health. Further validation of the Sleep Health Literacy scale is warranted in more diverse samples.

Awareness of everyday effects of climate change: The climate change perceptual awareness scale (CCPAS)

Climate change is intrinsically complex and demands a certain degree of abstraction. However, different individuals report a wide range and degree of tangible and sensory experiences of climate change. As perceptual and sensory awareness of climate change has important consequences for the promotion of sustainable behaviors, pro-climate policies, and clinical interventions for climate-related disorders such as climate anxiety, new specific tools are required: herein we detail the development of a psychometric measure of perceptual awareness of climate change, as well as provide evidence for its discriminant, convergent, and predictive validity for sustainable behaviors. The administration of this scale on a representative sample of the UK population (Study 1) yielded a 4-factor structure, with items measuring perception of temperature changes and those measuring perception of humidity changes loading on separate factors, and two additional factors identifying the awareness of own feelings and perception of media attention on climate change. A second administration (Study 2) to an independent sample gathered from the Italian population supports the reliability of this factorial structure. As the rising field of climate neuroscience starts to investigate the determinants of perceptions of climate change, this novel scale will allow assessing the perceptual features affecting awareness of climate change.

Venture creation through social connections: Role of social networking ties in developing entrepreneurial passion and intentions among university students

Drawing upon S-O-R theory, this study explores the direct and indirect influence of social networking ties (SNTs) on entrepreneurial intention (EI), via the mediation of entrepreneurial passion (EP). It also investigates the moderation effect of the need for achievement (nAch) on the direct relationship between SNTs and EP and further investigates the conditional moderation of nAch on the indirect path from SNTs to EI. Using a sample of 307 Pakistani university students, we employed the PLS-SEM approach to test the model. The results of the measurement model affirmed that the data meet the assumptions of convergent and divergent validities. The findings from the structural model showed that SNTs influence EI both directly and indirectly. Additionally, nAch is also found to positively moderate the link between SNTs and EP. Further, the results of conditional indirect effects infer that the indirect effect of SNTs becomes the most significant for the students who perceive a high level of nAch and the least significant for the students who perceive a low level of nAch. This study adds to the literature by employing the S-O-R approach to understand the link between SNTs and EI via EP and incorporating nAch as a boundary condition.

Testing the Construct Validity and Reliability of the Student Learning Interest Scale Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)

Learning interest is one of the determining factors of student learning success. The low interest of students in learning process is caused by several problems that occur. Thus, learning interest is very important in learning progress, namely to bring out students' interest and activeness in learning. To support learning and increase students' interest in learning, teachers should not only master the material but also create interesting learning to help arouse curiosity, enjoyment and interest in learning in them. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the construct of the developed learning interest scale. A researcher needs 250 to 500 respondents. This study involved 300 random samples of fifth grade elementary school students in Berbah District, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were analyzed with second-order confirmatory factors assisted by IBM SPSS version 26 software. This study measures the validity and reliability of elementary school students' interest in learning science. So the data analysis in this study measures validity and reliability. So this study uses second order confirmatory factor analysis (nd order CFA). The results showed that the developed learning interest scale had met the criteria of suitability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, construct reliability. Therefore, the developed scale is feasible to use.

Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version of the Frontal Assessment Battery in Patients with Stroke.

The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), which is used to assess executive function, has been translated into several languages and shown to be valid and reliable. However, the validity and reliability of the Japanese version in patients with stroke are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the FAB in patients with stroke. The Japanese version of the FAB for dementia was modified and evaluated in 52 patients with stroke. FAB measurements were obtained twice over a 10-day period. Convergent validity was assessed using the Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT) and the Trail Making Test (TMT) part B. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha (Cα). Test-retest evaluations were performed using intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC (2.1)] measurements, and limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated using the total FAB score. The mean total FAB score was 13.4 ± 2.8 points, the ICC (2.1) was 0.856, and Cα was 0.92. The total FAB score was correlated with SCWT scores for parts I through IV (r = 0.70 to 0.77) and the TMT score for part B (ρ = -0.53). The LOA were -1.7 to 2.9 points. The Japanese version of the FAB had higher validity and reliability in patients with stroke.

The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) in Slovenia: Validation of the Six Primary Scales Across Three ANPS Versions

Abstract To assess primary emotions in subcortical brain regions across all mammals, the affective neuroscience personality scales (ANPS) were created for use in research involving human subjects. Later revisions of the scales have been validated across many countries and are used in diverse fields of psychology. The ANPS revisions culminated in the most recent ANPS 3.1. In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the ANPS 3.1 and its two abbreviated versions (affective neuroscience personality scales – brief (BANPS) and affective neuroscience personality scales – short version (ANPS-S)) in a Slovenian community sample of 502 young adults. We simultaneously examined several kinds of validity evidence across the three versions: construct validity, internal reliability, and convergent validity. Our findings revealed acceptable construct validity of the six-factor model of the BANPS that was superior to the ANPS-S and particularly to the ANPS 3.1. The latter exhibited incremental fit issues noted in previous versions. However, we revealed sufficient internal reliability and convergent validity of the scale scores against the Big Five personality traits, and the frequency of the participants’ recently felt positive and negative emotions across all three ANPS versions. Testing the measurement invariance of BANPS across sex suggested full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance which allows direct score comparisons between males and females.

Technological work burnout: conceptualization, measure development and validation

PurposeAs workplaces increasingly integrate digital technologies, understanding their impact on employee burnout has become imperative. This paper introduces the Technological Work Burnout Scale (TWBS), an innovative tool developed to measure the influence of technology on workplace burnout.Design/methodology/approachTo bridge the existing gap in this area of study, our research employed Hinkin’s (1998) psychometric methodologies, creating a structured process for developing the TWBS, which included initial item generation, item reduction with reliability estimation, confirmatory factor analysis and tests for both convergent and discriminant validity. By applying these procedures, we validated the scale across various professional settings (in three different samples), ensuring its robustness and applicability in diverse technological work environments.FindingsThe TWBS demonstrates a consistent unidimensional structure, effectively capturing the multifaceted nature of burnout in the digital age.Originality/valueThrough this scale, we provide insights into how technology influences employee well-being and organizational health, offering a valuable tool for organizations to assess and manage the growing issue of technological work burnout. Our study not only enriches the academic understanding of burnout in the context of technological integration in workplaces but also offers practical implications for addressing this critical concern.

ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS FOR ACCOUNTING IN-FORMATION SYSTEM PRACTICE: A STUDY ON SOME SELECT-ED READY-MADE GARMENTS FACTORIES OF CHATTOGRAM IN BANGLADESH

In today's rapidly evolving global business environment, implementing Accounting Information Systems (AIS) effectively is essential for improving financial reporting accuracy and operational efficiency. Despite its importance, the relationship between AIS practices and organizational effectiveness remains insufficiently explored, particularly within Bangladesh's ready-made garments (RMG) industry. This study aims to examine the impact of AIS on organizational effectiveness within the RMG sector of Chattogram, Bangladesh. Data were collected from 400 respondents using a purposive sampling method, with responses measured on a five-point Likert scale. The study evaluated AIS across multiple dimensions, including financial reporting accuracy, timeliness of decision-making, data security, ease of accessibility, regulatory compliance, and user satisfaction. Organizational effectiveness was assessed in terms of cost efficiency, integration with other systems, decision support, adaptability to change, training and support, innovation, and system upgrades. Factor analysis was performed to validate the data, and reliability was tested through Cronbach's Alpha. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed using IBM SPSS AMOS 22 to analyze the relationship between AIS and organizational effectiveness, ensuring that the model met convergent and discriminant validity requirements. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between AIS practices and organizational effectiveness. AIS contributed to improved decision-making, enhanced financial reporting accuracy, streamlined operational processes, and greater overall efficiency. These findings underscore AIS's crucial role in promoting organizational success within the RMG sector, highlighting its potential to boost performance, productivity, and overall effectiveness.

Physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) versi Indonesia: confirmatory factor analysis

This study aims to adapt the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) for Indonesian children aged 9 to 11. It is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional study approach. The instrument was adapted the research developed by Kowalski et al., 1997. It was translated to Indonesian language and also validated by academics of sports science so that the adaptation of the questionnaire was better before the data was collected. The results of the questionnaire adaptation contained the identity of the sample (name, gender, date of birth and age, class, weight, height) and 10 question items. A sample of 401 students, aged 9-11, was collected from urban, suburban, and rural areas. The data analysis used was Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using LISREL. The results of this study showed that the Standardized Loading Factor (SLF) value in each questionnaire item was >0.5, the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value was 0.659>0.5, and the Construct Reliability (CR) value was 0.892>0.7. Based on these results, the questionnaire had good convergent validity. Thus, the PAQ-C Indonesian version for ages 9 – 11 was suitable for use. It can be concluded that the measuring instrument can accurately measure the level of children physical activity in urban, suburban, and rural areas, and provide confidence for researchers in Indonesia to use it. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of a holistic and integrated approach in supporting children's physical activity, which is influenced by the interaction of various layers of the physical and social environment. Keywords: Physical Activity Questionnaire, Children, Physical Education

Dimensionality and psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Diabetes Impact and Device Satisfaction (DIDS) scale.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic condition with rising prevalence. The only treatment for individuals with T1D to prevent diabetes-related complications is exogenous insulin administration. Diabetes-related technology has significantly contributed to the management of T1D by reducing the burden of living with diabetes and providing greater flexibility in insulin management during daily activities. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the Diabetes Impact and Device Satisfaction (DIDS) Scale, which assesses satisfaction with the use of an insulin delivery device and the impact of diabetes management on individuals with T1D. A sample of 101 adults with T1D, mostly females (71.3%), with a mean age of 38.4 years (± 11.7), completed the translated Greek version of DIDS (DIDS-Gr). Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors: 'Device Satisfaction', 'Diabetes Management Impact', and (new factor) 'Device Usability'. The internal consistency indices (Cronbach's alpha) for the subscales were 0.86, 0.71, and 0.60, respectively. Furthermore, convergent validity was demonstrated with moderate to high positive correlations between the DIDS-Grand the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI) and its subscales, while divergent validity was also confirmed with weaker correlations with the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Additionally, test-retest reliability and differential validity were present in our study. Therefore, DIDS-Gr is a valid and reliable measure for assessing the impact of diabetes on individuals with T1D and the satisfaction with the use of an insulin delivery device in Greece.

Validation of the Generic Version of China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME-G) among individuals with type 2 diabetes in China.

The Generic Version of China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME-G) was a new preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument designed specifically for the Chinese population. This study aimed to validate and compare measurement properties of CHROME-G with EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L), Short Form-6 Dimensions version 2 (SF-6Dv2), and Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life (DSQL) scales among the elderly Chinese population with type 2 diabetes. A representative sample population was recruited across the country. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Hypotheses testing including convergent validity and known-groups validity were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation and effect sizes, respectively. Sensitivity was examined using relative efficiency and receiver operating characteristic curve. A total of 131 individuals with type 2 diabetes (54.20% male; mean age 69.03 years) were enrolled. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94 for DSQL, 0.93 for CHROME-G, 0.87 for EQ-5D-5L, and 0.88 for SF-6Dv2. For the convergent validity of CHROME-G, 24/29 (82.76%) correlations met the predefined hypotheses, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.96. Among the different health subgroups, the effect sizes for CHROME-G, DSQL, EQ-5D-5L, and SF-6Dv2 were 0.19-1.26, 0.36-1.62, 0.22-1.06, and 0.49-0.87, respectively. CHROME-G, DSQL, and SF-6Dv2 had higher efficiency compared with EQ-5D-5L in detecting differences in self-reported health status, with relative efficiency of 3.18 and 1.76, 4.38 and 6.52, and 1.56 and 2.09, respectively. CHROME-G demonstrates relatively good measurement properties compared with EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 for measuring the HRQoL among the elderly Chinese population with type 2 diabetes. The sensitivity of DSQL appears to be better than that of the three generic instruments.