Convergent Validity Research Articles

The Turkish Version of the Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory-Female (SIDI-F): Examination of the Validity, Reliability and Factorial Structure

The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory-Female (SIDI-F). This methodological study was conducted with 268 women who met the sampling criteria between January and February 2024. Validity analysis was performed using the content validity index, convergent and divergent validity, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Pearson product-moment correlation and Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients were used for reliability analysis. To evaluate invariance of the inventory over time, test-retest measurements were conducted three weeks apart and showed no difference in mean scores (p > .05). Corrected item-total score correlations ranged from 0.303 to 0.846 in the positive direction and were statistically highly significant. Adjusted goodness-of-fit index > 0.85 and comparative fit index > 0.90 confirmed the construct validity of the Turkish SIDI-F. The Cronbach Alpha was found to be .88, indicating high internal consistency. The Turkish version of SIDI-F can be used as a measurement tool to determine the level of sexual interest and arousal.

Evaluating the Sabah Pay Mobile Application (e-Wallet) using the Technology Acceptance Model

The Sabah Pay e-wallet has been introduced as a digital payment solution in the state of Sabah, Malaysia, as part of a digital transformation initiative. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its user acceptance and the factors influencing it. Specifically, there is a need to investigate whether users perceive Sabah Pay as useful and easy to use. This research problem arises due to the importance of user acceptance in the success and sustainability of the e-wallet. Hence, we used the technology acceptance model (TAM) to analyse the perceived usefulness (PU) and customer satisfaction in using the Sabah Pay mobile application and the relationship between perceived ease of use (PEOU) and customer satisfaction using the Sabah Pay mobile application. The Cronbach's Alpha and composite reliability values are higher than 0.7, and the average variance extracted (AVE) is higher than 0.5, which supports the TAM constructs' convergence validity. The square root of AVE for each construct is higher than the corresponding correlations between constructs, which suggests the discriminant validity of the constructs. We used the Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to assess the data from the 173 respondents who reported using the Sabah Pay mobile application. We found that PU did not significantly affect customer satisfaction (CS), with a p-value of 0.207, although the path coefficient is 0.109, thus disproving the null hypothesis (H1). However, we supported the second hypothesis (H2) by observing that PEOU substantially impacted CS, with a p-value of 0.000 and a path coefficient of 0.614. The correlation indices demonstrated a satisfactory relationship between the data and the model. This research adds to the body of knowledge on mobile payment platforms by shedding light on perceived usefulness and ease of use factors that most affect users' happiness with Sabah Pay. The study suggests and identifies extensive research into potential customer satisfaction aspects like safety, trust, and value. This study's findings have real-world applications for practitioners and regulators looking to improve the mobile payment platform user experience and, by extension, boost customer happiness and adoption rates.

Adaptation and Validation of the Nursing Attitude Questionnaire in a Spanish Population.

Nursing, as an essential component of contemporary healthcare systems, has undergone significant changes in recent decades, resulting in an increase in research across various fields, such as mental health, well-being, and the development of the discipline itself. Currently, gender stereotypes persist, impacting the social image of the profession and influencing the professional identity of nurses and consequently, their work performance and the quality of care provided. Both public and internal perceptions of the profession are critical factors in these dynamics. to adapt and validate the Nursing Attitude Questionnaire in a Spanish sample, as it has only been validated in two languages to date. This study presents descriptive and validity analyses of several measures utilized, such as Nursing Image (NIS), Medical Empathy (JSE-HP), Professional Values (NPVS) and Communication Skills (HP-CSS). Confirmatory factor model analyses indicated that a 21-item hierarchical model provided a superior fit (χ2(df = 1.65, NFI = 0.954, SRMR = 0.065), suggesting the presence of a general factor accounting for five first-order factors. Internal consistency was deemed adequate for the total measures (α = 0.789), though variable for the subscales. Correlations among measures provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, highlighting consistent correlation patterns between Attitude toward Nursing and other variables. In addition, significant differences were observed in the Professionalism subscale according to sex, albeit with a medium-low effect size. Scales are presented to facilitate future interpretation of the results in similar samples. The scale validated in this study exhibited overall good psychometric performance, although certain limitations were identified within the subscales. The established scales represent a novel contribution, providing a valuable tool for the comparison of similar samples.

Introducing the Narcissistic Antagonism Scale: A missing puzzle piece in the assessment of momentary narcissism.

Narcissism is a relatively stable personality trait, which is most accurately described by three facets: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic. Existing studies support the central role of antagonistic narcissism and its role in explaining the process of fluctuation in narcissism. However, there is a lack of a suitable adjective-based measure of antagonistic narcissism, resulting in intensive longitudinal studies assessing only agentic and neurotic narcissism. To address this gap and to advance research on fluctuations in narcissism, this article introduces the Narcissistic Antagonism Scale (NAS). Across six studies (total N = 1,862; k = 14,927 observations), we establish the NAS's factorial, convergent, and divergent validity; reliability; and temporal stability. The three-factor model of narcissism, including antagonistic aspects, reproduces and proves to be invariant across daily and momentary perspectives. The NAS exhibits good psychometric properties at both between- and within-person levels. It is a valuable addition for intensive longitudinal studies and facilitates a nuanced examination of narcissistic states across diverse contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Стандартизация методики «Климат в классе» в Республике Беларусь

<p>The concept of "Classroom climate" has a broad semantics. It covers the quality of interaction not only between students and teachers, but also with classmates at the managerial, social, emotional and academic levels. It is shown that students' subjective perception of the classroom climate carries their behavior, psychological well-being and success in teaching students, as well as their personal characteristics, the development of abilities and giftedness. The use of an evidence-based approach in education improves the quality of psychological tools used in different regions of the Russian Federation and other countries. The article reflects the standardization of the questionnaire "Climate in the classroom" in the Republic of Belarus. The study sample consisted of 425 school students from different regions of the Republic of Belarus (Minsk, Rogachev and Zhlobin) aged 10-18 years (54,35% female). The average age was 15±1 years (median=15 years). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the six-factor structure of the questionnaire was statistically validated, and its structure demonstrated satisfactory alignment with the empirical data. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient confirms the internal consistency of the scales, with their mutual correlations being at a moderate level. The magnitude and direction of the relationships are consistent with the expected outcomes. The convergent and differential validity of the questionnaire scales has been tested on the scales of the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale (SHUJI) and academic performance. The questionnaire is recommended to school psychologists and teachers for psychological and pedagogical support of students from different age groups to create a favorable school environment.</p>

Методика «Ответственность у подростков»: разработка и описание

<p>The article presents the results of the development and standardization of the author’s methodology “Responsibility in Adolescents”, aimed at studying the basic mechanisms of responsibility and the areas of its implementation in the everyday life of older adolescents aged 16-19 years. The study was carried out on a sample of 240 schoolchildren in grades 10-11 and college students 1-2 years old. The methodology includes 27 statements. Its standardization was carried out in accordance with the necessary requirements for testing validity and reliability. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, 6 scales were identified that reflect the main components of responsibility: “Support”, “Self-control”, “Conscience”, “Social responsibility”, “Care for the environment”, “Avoidance of responsibility”. The scales have good internal consistency. Checking the convergent validity when comparing the general indicator of responsibility and the indicator of internality of the “Methods for diagnosing the level of subjective control” showed a significant correlation. The good psychometric indicators of the methodology and its portability allow us to recommend it for both individual and group work with adolescents.</p>

The McMaster Cough Severity Questionnaire (MCSQ): a cough severity instrument for patients with refractory chronic cough.

Cough severity represents an important endpoint to assess the impact of therapies for patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC). To develop a new patient-reported outcome measure addressing cough severity in patients with RCC. Phase 1 (item generation): A systematic survey, focus groups, and expert consultation generated 51 items. Phase 2 (item reduction): From a list of 51 items, 100 patients identified those they had experienced in the previous year and rated their importance on a 5-point scale. The MCSQ included items reported to occur most frequently and that had the highest importance scores. Patient feedback on the MCSQ led to elimination of redundant items. Another 100 patients completed the MCSQ, from which we performed an exploratory factor analysis and a Rasch analysis to further refine items on the MCSQ. Phase 2 led to selection of 15 items from the initial 51. Patient feedback on the 15 items led to elimination of 5 redundant items. An exploratory factor analysis of the 10-item MCSQ led to selection of two domains, elimination of one item that demonstrated cross-loading, and another that had high inter-item correlations. A Rasch analysis of the 8-item MCSQ confirmed that the response options functioned in a logically progressive manner and that no items exhibited differential item functioning. The final 8-item MCSQ has a one-week recall period and includes two domains (intensity and frequency). The 8-item MCSQ had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, 0.89), proved able to distinguish different levels of cough severity (Pearson separation index, 0.89), and demonstrated high cross-sectional convergent validity (Pearson's correlation, 0.76 [95% CI 0.66 to 0.83]) with the 100-mm cough severity visual analogue scale. Initial evidence supports the validity of the MCSQ, an 8-item instrument measuring cough severity in patients with RCC. Future studies should evaluate its properties in measuring change over time.

Testing the validity and reliability of the Korean nursing surveillance scale: a methodological study

BackgroundBecause of the importance of nursing surveillance, there is a need to develop a scale to measure nursing surveillance that reflects the roles of nurses in South Korea. This study aimed to develop a scale to measure surveillance by Korean nurses and to test its reliability and validity.MethodsIn the development phase, a literature review was conducted to verify the attributes of nursing surveillance, and preliminary items were developed based on the surveillance activities in the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) and the interviews of Korean nurses and modified through content validation and a pilot study. In the psychometric testing phase, two surveys were conducted with Korean nurses working in acute hospitals, using the preliminary scale in exploratory factor analysis (EFA, n = 220) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n = 219). Data were analyzed through EFA, CFA, correlation, and reliability analyses to verify convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and reliability. To verify the validity of the preliminary scale, the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and reliability were performed.ResultsIn the EFA, 16 items were grouped into four factors, accounting for 70.1% of the cumulative variance. In the CFA, the model exceeded the criteria for all fit indices (χ2 = 155.62 [df = 94, p < .001], CMIN = 1.65, SRMR = .048, RMSEA = .055, GFI = .921, NFI = .916, TLI = .955, CFI = .964) and was acceptable. The convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and reliability were verified. The final Korean nursing surveillance scale consists of four factors: ‘anticipation of problems and decision-making’ with six items; ‘systematic assessment’ with five items; ‘recognition of patterns’ with three items; and ‘identification of the patient’s self-care and coping strategies’ with two items.ConclusionThe Korean nursing surveillance scale developed in this study comprised questions that included NIC’s surveillance activities and empirical data from Korean nurses; based on the attributes of nursing monitoring derived from concept analysis, its validity and reliability were verified. This study can provide precedent to motivate the development of nursing surveillance scales in other countries, and ultimately stimulate studies on nursing surveillance, which is essential for patient safety.

Spanish Validation of the Brief Pornography Screen Within a Clinical Sample of Individuals with Gambling Disorder.

Problematic pornography use (PPU) shares characteristics with behavioral addictions, such as gambling disorder (GD), and PPU and GD may frequently co-occur. In order to fill existing gaps in screening instruments for PPU validated in GD, the study examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Brief Pornography Screen (BPS) within a clinical sample of individuals with GD. A total of 200 individuals seeking treatment for GD were consecutively recruited. The psychometric properties of the BPS were examined by performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and testing for evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The CFA supported a one-factor solution showing high internal consistency (α = 0.81). The BPS showed convergent validity and correlated with psychological distress, general psychopathology, impulsive tendencies, and low self-directedness. The BPS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties and is therefore recommended as a brief screening tool for identifying probable PPU in individuals seeking treatment for GD.

Verification of five-factor models and reference scores for personality dysfunction and trait domains of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD-11 (PAQ-11), revised version.

A brief self-reported measure of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for the 11th edition of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) (PAQ-11) was developed to evaluate ICD-11 personality traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of the revised PAQ-11 version (PAQ-11R) with an additional item in the Dissociality domain and thresholds for the severity of personality dysfunction and domains. Study 1 examined the construct validity of the PAQ-11R in 192 university students in Korea. Study 2 estimated tentative reference scores of personality dysfunction and domains of the PAQ-11R in 91 patients in Korea. In study 1, the PAQ-11R had a five-factor structure and the revised Dissociality scale had better convergent and discriminant validities than the previous version. In study 2, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the PAQ-11R identified a threshold score of 35. Reference scores for domains were estimated as 15 for Negative Affectivity, 10 for Detachment, 8 for Anankastia, and 5 each for Disinhibition and Dissociality. These scores contribute to severity of personality disturbance but remain qualifiers only; they are not diagnostic. The results suggest that the PAQ-11R is useful as a quick assessment tool for identifying the domains of personality dysfunction in clinical practice in harmony with the ICD-11 guidelines.

To Be in Pain: Pain Multidimensional Questionnaire as Reliable Tool to Evaluate Multifaceted Aspects of Pain

Background/Objectives: Pain is a multidimensional experience influenced by sensory, emotional, and cognitive factors. Traditional pain assessments often fail to capture this complexity. This study aimed to develop and validate the Pain Multidimensional Questionnaire (Pa-M-QU), a new self-report tool designed to assess pain catastrophizing, sensitivity, and coping strategies. Methods: Two independent samples of Italian-speaking participants, aged 18 and above, were recruited online. The first sample (n = 392; mean age = 29.36) was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the second sample (n = 123; mean age = 28.0) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Pearson’s correlations and convergent validity analyses were conducted. Results: From an initial pool of 59 items identified through focus group discussions, 35 items were removed based on reliability analysis. The final 24-item Pa-M-QU features a three-factor structure: catastrophizing, pain sensitivity, and coping with pain. Conclusions: The Pa-M-QU offers a rapid, non-invasive assessment that captures the multidimensional nature of pain. It is a starting point to develop tools for both clinical and research settings, aiding in evaluating pain in healthy individuals and predicting acute and chronic pain disorders. Future research should focus on refining the Pa-M-QU for broader clinical applications and exploring its potential to complement or replace traditional pain assessments, thereby advancing pain management and research.

Assessing the reliability and validity of sleep assessments in patients seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery

BackgroundMore than 80% of patients seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) report disturbance in sleep function. No studies have assessed the psychometric properties of sleep measures in MBS samples. ObjectivesThis study assessed the reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in a large sample of patients seeking MBS. SettingTwo academic medical centers. MethodsMeasures of sleep (PSQI and ISI) and psychological functioning, including the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), were administered presurgically. Internal consistency was assessed with mean inter-item correlations and item-total correlations. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) based on models identified in the literature and by measuring convergent and discriminant validity. ResultsParticipants (N = 939) were primarily female (83.4%) with a mean age of 41.7 (SD = 11.5) years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 47.5 kg/m2 (SD = 8.5). CFAs indicated excellent fit for 2-factor solutions for the PSQI and ISI. Internal consistency for the PSQI and ISI were acceptable. Convergent validity was demonstrated by large correlations between the PSQI and ISI (r = .80, P < .001), and moderate correlation between the PSQI, ISI, and QIDS (rs > .50, ps < .001). The PSQI and ISI were moderately correlated with QIDS items assessing sleep function (P < .001), but correlations with items assessing appetite change were small (r < .10), demonstrating good discriminant validity. ConclusionsResults support the reliability and validity of the PSQI and ISI for patients undergoing MBS.

Measuring the rejection of meat alternatives: Development and validation of a new scale

Despite the potential benefits of meat alternatives for the environment and animal welfare, public skepticism remains. This study presents the development and validation of the Meat Alternatives Rejection (MAR) scale. After a pilot study (N = 510) refined the scale from fourteen to ten items, it was validated in a Swiss online survey (N = 1951) through four steps. First, exploratory factor analysis confirmed a one-factor structure with high factor loadings (0.63 to 0.80) and strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90). Second, convergent validity was supported by Pearson correlations with related variables, along with Average Variance Extracted (AVE = 0.525) and Composite Reliability (CR = 0.917). Third, discriminant validity was explored using a Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratio of 0.634, indicating that the MAR scale measures a distinct construct. Lastly, MAR’s predictive validity was tested using two regression models: Model 1 (logistic regression) predicted the likelihood of being a meat alternative consumer versus nonconsumer, and Model 2 (two-step linear regression) predicted support for meat alternative marketing restrictions. In both models, the inclusion of MAR significantly improved the explained variance (Model 1:W=83.82,p < 0.001; Model 2:F(1, 1945) = 598.1,p < 0.001), with MAR outperforming other predictors (age, gender, education, meat attachment, and eco-knowledge). Overall, MAR is a robust and reliable tool for measuring consumers’ rejection of meat alternatives, demonstrating factorial, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. This new scale can help advance our understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying the shift toward a more plant-based diet.

Oxford Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (OVHS): a UK-based and US-based online mixed-methods psychometric development and validation study of an instrument to assess vaccine hesitancy

ObjectivesTo describe the development, validation and reliability of the Oxford Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (OVHS), a new instrument to assess vaccine hesitancy in the general population.DesignCross-sectional validation study.SettingInternet-based study with participants...

Development and validation of the caregiver-report version of the international grief questionnaire (IGQ-CG): Results from a Ukrainian sample of parents.

The International Grief Questionnaire (IGQ) is a self-report measure of ICD-11 Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) in adults. This study sought to develop and validate a caregiver-report version of the IGQ for children and adolescents aged 7-17 years; the IGQ-Caregiver Version (IGQ-CG). 639 parents living in Ukraine provided data on themselves and one child in their household as part of the "The Mental Health of Parents and Children in Ukraine Study: 2023 Follow-up" study. The latent structure of the scale was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while convergent validity was assessed through associations with other mental health correlates. Prevalence rates of probable ICD-11 PGD were estimated. CFA results supported a correlated two-factor model ('core' and 'associated' symptoms) and the internal reliability of the scale scores were acceptable. Convergent validity was supported through significant correlations with internalizing symptoms, while contact with the deceased, time since bereavement, and parental PGD were associated with higher scores on the IGQ-CG latent variables. The prevalence of probable ICD-11 PGD was 1.4%, and amongst those with a lifetime bereavement, the conditional rate was 3.2%. The IGQ-CG produces reliable and valid scores for ICD-11 PGD symptoms in children and adolescents as reported by their caregivers.

Development and psychometric testing of a scale for diet self-management among urban residents in China: a cross-sectional study.

DESIGN: The diet self-management scale (DSE-MS) items were identified and evaluated by literature and guideline review, expert consultation and pilot testing. Factor structure was tested by randomly dividing the sample into two equal groups for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scale was further tested for internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity and known-group validity. A city in China. A total of 724 urban residents from a city in China participated in this study in 2023. The final DSE-MS included 45 items and showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.961. EFA identified 6 dimensions explaining 67.89% of the total variance: cognition (11 items), microenvironment (12 items), macroenvironment (4 items), safety management (7 items), nutrition management (6 items) and environment management (5 items). The CFA showed a good model fit of the six-dimension scale: χ2/df=1.8878, root mean square error of approximate=0.0496, Comparing Fit Index=0.9425, Incremental Fit Index=0.9428, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.9369 and standard root mean square residual=0.0525. Convergent validity was supported by high composite reliability (CR=0.89-0.96) and average variance extracted (AVE=0.58-0.72), while discriminant validity was confirmed by higher AVE estimates than the squared interconstruct correlations. The DSE-MS scores varied by various sample characteristics, verifying the known-group validity. The 6-factor 45-item DSE-MS had good psychometric properties assessing diet self-management among urban citizens. The scale can guide future intervention programmes to improve diet self-management and evaluate the intervention effect. Further validation of the DSE-MS in other populations in other areas is needed to verify its wide application.

Refinement and Validation of the Team Effectiveness Scale for Nursing Units.

Understanding that the complexity and dynamic nature of the nursing care setting creates diverse conditions for teamwork is important when developing tools to measure nursing unit team effectiveness. The Team Effectiveness Scale for Nursing Units (TES-NU), based on the Integrated Team Effectiveness Model, was developed without confirmatory factor analysis and only tested on one nursing organization. It needs further research to prove its validity and reliability. This study aims to refine and validate the TES-NU in various nursing organizations. We designed this methodological study to refine the TES-NU by establishing its validity and reliability. The study included 330 clinical nurses from six general hospitals in South Korea, selected via convenience sampling. The TES-NU's refinement process includes item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, item analysis, and convergent validity. The KMO of 22 preliminary items was 0.89, the cumulative variance of the five factors was 67.58%, and the commonality was >0.40. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the revised model fit well with better indices: CMIN/DF = 1.687, CFI = 0.936, TLI = 0.924, RMSEA = 0.059, and SRMR = 0.057. We simplified the refined scale to 22 items in 5 subdomains: "head nurses leadership", "job satisfaction", "cohesion", "work performance", and "nurses competence". Convergent validity (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) were validated for the revised TES-NU. A refined TES-NU has tested their validity and reliability. Nursing managers can use this tool to manage the performance of individual nurses as well as nursing units, which will contribute to improving the work performance of the nursing organization.

Investigating the psychometric properties of pathological concern questionnaire in Indian emerging adults

Background: The Pathological Concern Questionnaire (PCQ) measures thoughts, emotions, and actions based on attitudes, including repression of personal needs and overinvestment in satisfaction of others’ needs. The PCQ is widely used in the literature, but its psychometric properties are not well-established in the Indian population. Aim: The current study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of PCQ among emerging adults in India. Materials and Methods: The data were collected from 252 emerging adults, aged between 18 and 29 years using PCQ. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to analyse the data. Internal reliability was computed using Cronbach’s alpha and correlational analysis was conducted to examine the convergent and discriminant validity. Results: The statistical findings supported an acceptable goodness of fit for PCQ in India. PCQ showed an adequate internal consistency (α = 0.903). In addition, correlational analyses supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the PCQ. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the PCQ is a valid and reliable instrument to measure pathological concern among Indian emerging adults.

The Development of a Comprehensive Dimensions Scale for Assessing Clinical Teachers' Occupational Well-Being.

In Taiwanese clinical and healthcare environments, there is a dearth of appropriate and effective tools to evaluate clinical teachers' occupational well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a culturally adapted scale, a Taiwanese version of the Clinical Teachers' Occupational Well-Being Dimensions Scale (CTOWDS), to accurately measure the occupational well-being of clinical teachers in Taiwan. Following a comprehensive literature review and expert panel discussions, the study developed the CTOWDS and conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with 346 participants using SPSS to identify its underlying dimensional structure and psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then performed with 255 participants using AMOS to validate the EFA results. The study also assessed internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validities, and goodness-of-fit indexes to ensure that the scale was valid and reliable in the Taiwanese cultural setting. The EFA refined the scale from 51 to 29 items across five dimensions: personal qualities (11 items), academic research and career development pressure (6 items), teaching experience (4 items), learning experience (4 items), and teaching and communication pressure (4 items). These five dimensions explained 65.279% of the total variance. The CFA confirmed the five dimensions and 29 items, with good convergent and discriminant validities, goodness-of-fit indexes, and Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.70. The findings affirm the utility of the developed CTOWDS as a reliable and culturally relevant instrument for assessing the occupational well-being of clinical teachers.

Validity and Reliability of a Simplified Chinese Version of Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Scale (CaSUN).

To translate Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs scale (CaSUN) into Simplified Chinese, and to assess the validity and reliability of this translated version among Chinese cancer survivors. Following the cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, the original CaSUN scale was translated from English into Simplified Chinese. To enhance the readability and comprehension of each item, a pilot study involving 40 cancer patients was carried out. Subsequently, 324 cancer survivors participating in follow-up appointments at a cancer hospital in Beijing, China completed the Simplified Chinese version of the CaSUN. The scale's validity was assessed through factor analysis. Indices including Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square to degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df), comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) were employed for construct validity. Average variance extracted (AVE) of each category reflected the convergent validity. Reliability was confirmed with both Cronbach's α and Guttman split-half coefficient. Factor analysis suggested that a three-level hierarchical structure of the CaSUN with four first-order factors, nine second-order factors and all the 35 items assessing unmet need could fit our data well (χ2/df=2.833, CFI=0.902, RMSEA=0.076, SRMR=0.066), indicating sufficient construct validity for this model. For convergent validity, AVE of each second-order category were greater than 0.5. Regarding reliability, Cronbach's α of the 35 items was 0.968, and the Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.984. Both of these coefficients were higher than 0.8. The present Simplified Chinese version of CaSUN had good cultural adaptability, appropriate validity and reliability for assessing unmet needs in different cancer survivor groups in Chinese mainland. This Simplified Chinese version of CaSUN can assist health professionals in addressing individual survivor needs and bridge the gap between patients' experiences and their expectations, thereby improving the quality of cancer survivorship care.