Conventional Measurements Research Articles

Model For Small Enterprises Innovation Strategies Adaptation On Climate Change: Learn From Traditional Textile Sumba

All business organizations face various risks that might arise from changes in the external macro and micro environment. One of the significant changes in the external macro-environment is climate change. Climate change and its derivative impacts on business activities need to be managed properly by adapting innovations in the production process. Various studies on the impact of climate change on business activities are more focused on conventional measures to gauge business risks which are more responsive and focused on large companies. There are still few studies conducted on small and traditional businesses related to strategic actions in dealing with climate change, especially non-agricultural businesses. Therefore, this research aims to provide an overview of the adaptation strategy of production process innovation in the small-scale weaving industry in Sumba Island, Indonesia. The research conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with traditional textile producers in East Sumba. The main criterion in determining the respondents is the length of the business run by the traditional weaver. The study found that while most traditional weavers of Sumba textile rely on status quo technology, some strategies emerged to adapt to climate uncertainty in weaving production. The authors also identify three benchmarks of climate adaptation measures by the traditional weavers.

Pengembangan Aplikasi Stunting Care untuk Pemantauan Pertumbuhan Anak

Recording the results of conventional child growth measurements in the Maternal and Child Health book has long been carried out by health workers and posyandu cadres at the Bontoharu Community Health Center, Selayar Regency, and posyandu cadres in Bontotangnga Village. This form of recording takes quite a lot of time, is prone to errors, and the results do not display attractive visualizations, so a reliable form of recording is needed to monitor children's growth as an effort to prevent and treat stunting. The method used in this community service is Community Based Research (CBR). To overcome the problem of stunting early, the Stunting Care application was developed. Stunting Care is an application for monitoring children's growth periodically by entering data on the child's height and weight. This application will provide predicted results for children, whether they are stunting, at risk of stunting, normal or high normal and is equipped with various features. The Stunting Care application was developed using agile development software engineering methods and through black box testing. The test results of the Stunting Care application are classified as good, as indicated by the system functionality running smoothly.

Radiographic assessment of calcaneal fractures; A new approach to Böhler’s angle using computed tomography

BackgroundBöhler’s angle (BA) is used for identifying calcaneal fractures and evaluating calcaneal collapse after reconstruction. This study investigates whether it is possible to determine BA with the help of Computed Tomography (CT). MethodsA retrospective study was performed to compare the BA on conventional radiograph (Gold Standard, GS) versus measurements on CT. Two groups were studied: one group consisted of 11 subjects with a diagnosed calcaneal fracture, the other group of 11 subjects with a fracture of the lower extremities but no calcaneal fracture. A lateral Böhler angle (LBA), central Böhler angle (CBA) and a medial Böhler angle (MBA) were defined on CT. Furthermore, BA was reconstructed out of a 3D reconstruction (3DBA). ResultsCBA approached the GS with a mean difference of 3.78° (95 %CI: 2.82–4.75) with no significant difference in variance (p = 1.000). 3DBA approached the GS with a mean difference of 2.14° (95 %CI: 1.57–2.70) with a significant difference in variance (p = 0.014). No relevant correlations were found between LBA/MBA and the GS. ICC between raters was considered as good or excellent for both CBA and 3DBA. ConclusionGiving the high accuracy and better capability to visualize the anatomy in the case of severe injury, measuring BA on 3D reconstruction is a suggested alternative to the traditional technique. Level of evidenceIII, Retrospective

Learning Interpretable Brain Functional Connectivity Via Self-Supervised Triplet Network With Depth-Wise Attention.

Brain functional connectivity has been routinely explored to reveal the functional interaction dynamics between the brain regions. However, conventional functional connectivity measures rely on deterministic models fixed for all participants, usually demanding application-specific empirical analysis, while deep learning approaches focus on finding discriminative features for state classification, thus having limited capability to capture the interpretable functional connectivity characteristics. To address the challenges, this study proposes a self-supervised triplet network with depth-wise attention(TripletNet-DA) to generate the functional connectivity: 1) TripletNet-DA firstly utilizes channel-wise transformations for temporal data augmentation, where the correlated & uncorrelated sample pairs are constructed for self-supervised training, 2) Channel encoder is designed with a convolution network to extract the deep features, while similarity estimator is employed to generate the similarity pairs and the functional connectivity representations with prominent patterns emphasized via depth-wise attention mechanism, 3) TripletNet-DA applies Triplet loss with anchor-negative similarity penalty for model training, where the similarities of uncorrelated sample pairs are minimized to enhance model's learning capability. Experimental results on pathological EEG datasets(Autism Spectrum Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder) indicate that 1) TripletNet-DA demonstrates superiority in both ASD discrimination and MDD classification than the state-of-the-art counterparts in various frequency bands, where the connectivity features in beta & gamma bands have respectively achieved the accuracy of 97.05%,98.32% for ASD discrimination, 89.88%,91.80% for MDD classification in the eyes-closed condition, and 90.90%,92.26% for MDD classification in the eyes-open condition, 2) TripletNet-DA enables to uncover significant differences of functional connectivity between the ASD EEG and the TD ones, and the prominent connectivity links are in accordance with the empirical findings that frontal lobe demonstrates more connectivity links and significant frontal-temporal connectivity occurs in the beta band, thus providing potential biomarkers for clinical ASD analysis.

Low-dose energy-resolved X-ray computed tomography using a filter-changing two-dimensional transXend detector

ABSTRACT A novel detector system ‘transXend’ detector, which measured X-rays as electric current and output the energy distribution of X-rays after analysis, has been developed by the authors. With computed tomography (CT) by using the transXend detector, CT image was given in the absolute value of linear attenuation coefficient as a function of X-ray energy and the effective atomic number distribution in a subject was obtained. For the X-ray CT of a large object such as a human body, the development of a two-dimensional transXend detector is necessary and the authors proposed a filter-changing transXend detector previously. The exposure dose to the subject, however, increased due to the multiple inspections with various X-ray spectra tailored by each filter. To reduce the exposure dose, a method is proposed to synchronize filter changes with changes of the inspection angle of the subject. With this method, the exposure dose can be reduced nearly 50% compared to a conventional electric current measurement CT.

Early Detection and Stability Assessment of Hazardous Rock Masses in Steep Slopes

The assessment of slope stability plays a critical role in the prevention and management of slope disasters. Evaluating the condition and stability of hazardous rock masses is essential for predicting potential collapses and assessing treatment effectiveness. However, conventional measurement techniques are inadequate in high slope areas, which lack sufficient spatial data to support subsequent calculations and analyses. Therefore, this paper presents a method for the early identification and evaluation of unstable rock masses in high slopes using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) digital photogrammetry and geographic information technology. By considering nine evaluation indices including geology, topography, and induced conditions within the study area, weights for each index are determined through an analytic hierarchy process. A semi-automatic approach is then utilized to extract and analyze rock mass stability. The reliability of this early identification method is confirmed by applying the limit equilibrium principle. The findings reveal that 17.6% of dangerous rock masses in the study area fall into the unstable category (W4, W6, W10). This method effectively assesses slope rock mass stability while providing technical support for disaster monitoring systems, warning mechanisms, and railway infrastructure safety defense capability to ensure safe mountain railway operations.

Measuring the device‐level EQE of multi‐junction photonic power converters

AbstractMulti‐junction photonic power converters (PPCs) are photovoltaic cells used in photonic power transmission systems that convert monochromatic light to electricity at enhanced output voltages. The junctions of a multi‐junction PPC have overlapping spectral responsivity, which poses a unique challenge for spectrally resolved external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. In this work, we present a novel EQE measurement technique based on a wavelength‐tunable laser system and characterize the differential multi‐junction device‐level EQE (dEQEMJ) as a function of the monochromatic irradiance over seven orders of magnitude. The irradiance‐dependent measurements reveal three distinct irradiance regimes with different dEQEMJ. For the experimentally studied 2‐junction GaAs‐based device, at medium irradiance with photocurrent densities between 0.3 and 90 mA/cm2, dEQEMJ is independent of irradiance and follows the expected EQE of the current‐limiting subcell across all wavelengths. At higher irradiance, nonlinear device response is observed and attributed to luminescent coupling between the subcells. At lower irradiances, namely, in the range of conventional EQE measurement systems, nonlinear effects appear, which mimic luminescent coupling behavior but are instead attributed to finite shunt resistance artifacts that artificially inflate dEQEMJ. The results demonstrate the importance of measuring the device‐level dEQEMJ in the relevant irradiance regime. We propose that device‐level measurements in the finite shunt artifact regime at low monochromatic irradiance should be avoided.

Deep learning and remote photoplethysmography powered advancements in contactless physiological measurement.

In recent decades, there has been ongoing development in the application of computer vision (CV) in the medical field. As conventional contact-based physiological measurement techniques often restrict a patient's mobility in the clinical environment, the ability to achieve continuous, comfortable and convenient monitoring is thus a topic of interest to researchers. One type of CV application is remote imaging photoplethysmography (rPPG), which can predict vital signs using a video or image. While contactless physiological measurement techniques have an excellent application prospect, the lack of uniformity or standardization of contactless vital monitoring methods limits their application in remote healthcare/telehealth settings. Several methods have been developed to improve this limitation and solve the heterogeneity of video signals caused by movement, lighting, and equipment. The fundamental algorithms include traditional algorithms with optimization and developing deep learning (DL) algorithms. This article aims to provide an in-depth review of current Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods using CV and DL in contactless physiological measurement and a comprehensive summary of the latest development of contactless measurement techniques for skin perfusion, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure.

Shear properties and dynamic responses of greases in a micrometer-order gap

Grease is used as a lubricant in a wide range of fields, including bearings, because it reduces friction, prevents harmful wear of components, protects against rust and corrosion, and acts as a seal to prevent the invasion of dirt and water. Although most of the research on grease has focused on the environment inside the bearing, there has been little research on the fundamental lubrication mechanism of grease. It is known that thickeners, which keep a complex three-dimensional structure in the grease, have a significant effect on the shear characteristics of grease, and it is assumed that this is due to the orientation of the thickener structure in the shear direction. In this study, the apparent viscosity of grease in a micro-order gap was measured using our original viscometer and compared with the apparent viscosity measured with a submillimeter-order gap rheometer because grease may show different rheological properties compared to conventional measurements. In addition, the dynamic response of viscous resistance that appeared when each grease was subjected to a change in the shear force was quantitatively evaluated using relaxation time. As a result, the apparent viscosity remarkably decreased in a micro-order gap compared to a submillimeter gap, and two types of shear thinning mechanisms were proposed based on the orientation of the thickener: one caused by the narrow gap and the other by the shear force. In addition, the behavior of viscous resistance due to changes in the shear force depended on the type of thickener. It was also confirmed that the relaxation time of each grease correlates with its oil film-forming ability and the entanglement level of the thickener’s structure. Furthermore, the mechanism of the dynamic response was proposed based on the reorientation of thickeners.

Evaluation of regional comprehensive development efficiency under low-carbon policy: based on optimized DDF-GML combined with unsupervised clustering method

In the study of urban development, it is very important to evaluate the influence of production factors reasonably and efficiently for the region to achieve efficient development. The principal aim of this investigation is to amalgamate the conventional measurement model characterized by robust interpretability with the non-parametric model characterized by limited interpretability, thereby enhancing the precision of research outcomes. Towards this objective, the study employs an optimized directional distance function integrated with a global Malmquist–Luenberger index to formulate a comprehensive total factor productivity measurement framework. In elucidating the homogeneous attributes of regions, departing from prior methodologies reliant on manual or direct algorithmic partitioning, this paper employs the K-means clustering algorithm for index discernment, abstracting the concept of K-means clustering centroids to encapsulate regional homogeneity, thereby delineating results through the visualization of regional development potential maps and the evolution of centroid-based clustering trend maps. The findings of the investigation illuminate common patterns of change across disparate regions, proposing a strategy for leveraging regional resource endowments towards a cohesive framework, thereby transcending constraints imposed by production efficiency limitations. Amidst the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study draws upon provincial-level data spanning from 2000 to 2018 in China. The conclusive analytical outcomes underscore the pivotal role of energy factors in regional development efficiency, particularly within high-potential development regions, followed by the capital and labor factors. Concurrently, the study discerns a discernible hierarchical pattern among areas of development potential, which exhibits correlation with factor mobility dynamics.

Experimental observation of spin Hall effect of light using compact weak measurements

Abstract The spin Hall effect of light, a phenomenon characterized by the transverse and spin dependent splitting of light at an optical interface, is highly promising for collecting precise quantitative data from interfaces and stands as an appealing option for improving precision metrology. This high level of precision is attributed to the principles of weak measurement. Since its conceptual introduction, the spin Hall effect of light has been empirically observed through weak measurement techniques, adhering closely to the initially proposed experimental configuration. Recently, it has been suggested that the setup can be downsized without compromising precision. Here, the first experimental demonstration of “compact weak measurement” is achieved by observing the spin Hall effect of both reflected and refracted light. Compared to the conventional weak measurement, this compact setup performs the same measurements but requires less free space by replacing the two convex lenses with a set of concave and convex lenses. The compact weak measurement demonstrates excellent agreement with theoretical predictions and experimental findings from traditional setups across both isotropic–isotropic and isotropic–anisotropic interfaces. The experimental validation of the compact configuration paves the way for the practical application of the spin Hall effect of light in devices with a smaller form factor.

Accuracy compensation method with the combined dissimilar measurement devices for enhanced measurement quality: a digital aircraft assembly technology

PurposeThe pivotal aspect of aircraft assembly lies in precise measurement accuracy. While a solitary digital measuring tool suffices for analytical and small surfaces, it falls short for extensive synthetic surfaces like aircraft fuselage panels and wing spars. The purpose of this study is to develop a “combined measurement method” (CMM) that enhances measurement quality and expands the evaluative scope, addressing the limitations posed by singular digital devices in meeting measurement requirements across various aircraft components.Design/methodology/approachThe study illustrated the utilization of the CMM by combining a laser tracker and a portable arm-measuring machine. This innovative approach is tailored to address the intricate nature and substantial dimensions of aircraft fuselage panels. The portable arm-measuring machine performs precise scans of panel components, while common points recorded by the laser tracker undergo coordinate conversion to reconstruct the fuselage panel’s shape. The research outlines the CMM’s measurement procedure and scrutinizes the data processing technique. Ultimately, the investigation yields a deviation vector matrix and chromatogram deviation distribution, pivotal in achieving enhanced measurement precision for the novel CMM device.FindingsThe use of CMM noticeably enhances fuselage panel assembly accuracy, concurrently reducing assembly time and enhancing efficiency compared to conventional measurement systems.Practical implicationsThe research’s practical implication lies in revolutionizing aircraft assembly by mitigating accuracy issues through the innovative digital CMM for aircraft synthetic structure type product (aircraft fuselage panel). This ensures safer flights, reduces rework and enhances overall efficiency in the aerospace industry.Originality/valueIntroducing a new aircraft assembly accuracy compensation method through digital combined measurement, pioneering improved assembly precision. Also, it enhances aerospace assembly quality, safety and efficiency, offering innovative insights for optimized aviation manufacturing processes.

Estimation of joint torque in dynamic activities using wearable A-mode ultrasound

The human body constantly experiences mechanical loading. However, quantifying internal loads within the musculoskeletal system remains challenging, especially during unconstrained dynamic activities. Conventional measures are constrained to laboratory settings, and existing wearable approaches lack muscle specificity or validation during dynamic movement. Here, we present a strategy for estimating corresponding joint torque from muscles with different architectures during various dynamic activities using wearable A-mode ultrasound. We first introduce a method to track changes in muscle thickness using single-element ultrasonic transducers. We then estimate elbow and knee torque with errors less than 7.6% and coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.92 during controlled isokinetic contractions. Finally, we demonstrate wearable joint torque estimation during dynamic real-world tasks, including weightlifting, cycling, and both treadmill and outdoor locomotion. The capability to assess joint torque during unconstrained real-world activities can provide new insights into muscle function and movement biomechanics, with potential applications in injury prevention and rehabilitation.

Dimethyl fumarate preserves brainstem and cervical spinal cord integrity in radiologically isolated syndrome.

The first randomized placebo-controlled therapeutic trial in radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), ARISE, demonstrated that treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) delayed the onset of a first clinical event related to CNS demyelination and was associated with a significant reduction in new and/or newly enlarging T2-weighted hyperintense lesions. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of DMF on volumetric measures, including whole brain, thalamic, and subcortical gray matter volumes, brainstem and upper cervical spine three-dimensional (3D) volumes, and brainstem and upper cervical spine surface characteristics. Standardized 3T MRIs including 3D isotropicT1-weighted gradient echo images were acquired at baseline and end-of-study according to the ARISE study protocol. The acquired datawere analyzed using Structural Image Evaluation Using Normalization of Atrophy (SIENA), FreeSurfer v7.3, and an in-house pipeline for 3D conformational metrics. Multivariate mixed models for repeated measures were used to analyze rates of change in whole brain, thalamic, subcortical gray matter, as well as change in the 3D surface curvature of the dorsal pons and dorsal medulla and 3D volume change at the medulla-upper cervical spinal cord. The study population consisted of 64 RIS subjects (DMF:30, placebo:34). No significant difference was seen in whole brain, thalamic, or subcortical gray matter volumes in treated vs. untreated RIS patients. A significant difference was observed in dorsal pons curvature with the DMF group having a lower least squares mean change of -4.46 (standard estimate (SE): 3.77) when compared to placebo [6.94 (3.71)] (p = 0.036). In individuals that experienced a first clinical event,a greater reduction in medulla-upper cervical spinal cord volume (p = 0.044) and a decrease in surface curvature was observed at the dorsal medulla (p = 0.009) but not at the dorsal pons (p = 0.443). The benefit of disease-modifying therapy in RIS may extend to CNS structures impacted by neurodegeneration that is below the resolution of conventional volumetric measures.

Estimate of the hydraulic force in the aging heart: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging study

BackgroundCoupling between left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) plays a central role in the process of cardiac remodeling during aging and development of cardiac disease. The hydraulic force (HyF) is related to variation in size between LV and LA. The objectives of this study were to: (1) derive an estimate of left atrioventricular HyF using cine- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in healthy subjects with a wide age range, and (2) study its relationship with age and conventional diastolic function parameters, as estimated by reference echocardiography.MethodsWe studied 119 healthy volunteers (mean age 44 ± 17 years, 58 women) who underwent Doppler echocardiography and MRI on the same day. Conventional transmitral flow early (E) and late (A) LV filling peak velocities as well as mitral annulus diastolic longitudinal peak velocity (E’) were derived from echocardiography. MRI cine SSFP images in longitudinal two and four chamber views were acquired, and analyzed using feature tracking (FT) software. In addition to conventional LV and LA strain measurements, FT-derived LV and LA contours were further used to calculate chamber cross-sectional areas. HyF was approximated as the difference between the LV and LA maximal cross-sectional areas in the diastasis phase corresponding to the lowest LV-LA pressure gradient. Univariate and multivariate analyses while adjusting for appropriate variables were used to study the associations between HyF and age as well as diastolic function and strain indices.ResultsHyF decreased significantly with age (R²=0.34, p < 0.0001). In addition, HyF was significantly associated with conventional indices of diastolic function and LA strain: E/A: R²=0.24, p < 0.0001; E’: R²=0.24, p < 0.0001; E/E’: R²=0.12, p = 0.0004; LA conduit longitudinal strain: R²=0.27, p < 0.0001. In multivariate analysis, associations with E/A (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.03) and LA conduit strain (R2 = 0.37, p = 0.02) remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index.ConclusionsHyF, estimated using FT contours, which are primarily used to quantify LV/LA strain on standard cardiac cine MRI, varied significantly with age in association with subclinical changes in ventricular filling. Its usefulness in cohorts of patients with left heart disease to detect LV-LA uncoupling remains to be evaluated.

Intraoperative Assessment of Noninvasive Left Ventricular Myocardial Work Indices in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement

ObjectivesEvaluation of noninvasive left ventricular (LV) myocardial work (MW) enables insights into cardiac contractility and efficacy beyond conventional echocardiography. However, there is limited intraoperative data on patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). The aim of this study was to describe the feasibility and the intraoperative course of this technique of ventricular function assessment in these patients and compare it to conventional two- and three-dimensional echocardiographic measurements and strain analysis. DesignProspective observational study SettingAt single university hospital Participants25 patients scheduled for isolated AVR with preoperative preserved left and right ventricular function, sinus rhythm, without significant other heart valve disease or pulmonary hypertension, and an uneventful intraoperative course. InterventionsTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed after induction of anesthesia (T1), after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass (T2), and after sternal closure (T3). Evaluation was performed in stable hemodynamics, in sinus rhythm or atrial pacing and vasopressor support with norepinephrine ≤ 0.1 µg/kg/min. Measurements and Main ResultsEchoPAC v206 software (GE Vingmed Ultrasound AS, Norway) was used for analysis of 2D- and 3D LV ejection fraction (EF), LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), LV global work index (GWI), LV global constructive work (GCW), LV global wasted work (GWW), and LV global work efficiency (GWE). Estimation of myocardial work was feasible in all patients. Although there was no significant difference in the values of 2D- and 3D-EF, GWI and GCW decreased significantly after AVR [T1 v T2, 1647 ± 380 mmHg% v 1021 ± 233 mmHg%, p<0.001; T1 v T2, 2095 ± 433 mmHg% v 1402 ± 242 mmHg%, p<0.001, respectively], while GWW remained unchanged [T1 v T2, 296 mmHg% (IQR 178-452) v 309 mmHg% (IQR 255-438), p=0.97]. This resulted in a decreased GWE directly after bypass [T1 v T2, 84 ± 6 % v 78 ± 5 %, p<0.001], but GWE already improved at the end of surgery [T2 v T3, 78 ± 5 % v 81 ± 5 %, p=0.003]. There was no significant change in the values of GWI, GCW, 2D- and 3D-LVEF before and after sternal closure [T2 v T3]. ConclusionLV MW analysis showed a reduction of LV work load after bypass in our group of patients, which was not detected by conventional echocardiographic measures. This evolving technique provides deeper insights into cardiac energetics and efficiency in the perioperative course of aortic valve replacement surgery.

Transition Metal Chelation Effect in MOF-253 Materials: Guest Molecule Adsorption Dynamics and Proposed Formic Acid Synthesis Investigated by Atomistic Simulations.

The dynamic characterization of guest molecules in the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can always provide the insightful and inspiring information to facilitate the synthetic design of MOF materials from the bottom-up design of perspective. Herein, we present a series of atomistic molecular dynamics simulation for investigating the bipyridine dicarboxylate (bpydc) linker rotation effect on guest molecule adsorption with and without considering the transition metal (TM) chelation in MOF-253 materials. The simulated PXRD patterns of the various linker orientations present the challenge of distinguishing these structural varieties by the conventional crystalline spectroscopic measurements. The observed short inter-TM stable structure may subsequently lead to the formation of a binuclear TM catalytic site, and a proposed formic acid generation mechanism from CO2 and H2 is derived based upon the density functional theory calculations for the application of CO2 reduction.

Labour market inequality: a comparative political economy perspective

Abstract Large and rising earnings and employment inequalities in countries such as the USA and the UK pose fundamental questions for social scientists and challenges for policymakers. Mainstream economists have explained these outcomes mainly in terms of competitive market forces, particularly the mismatch between technology-driven demands for skills and those supplied by workers. In contrast, political economy perspectives focus on employer–employee bargaining power, driven by the monopsony power of firms and declining institutional and policy protections for workers. We critically assess the evidence on the education wage premium and employment polarization used to support the competitive market explanation for US wage inequality. We then show that the incidence of decent pay for young less-educated workers varies sharply across similarly rich countries and that new indices of institutional bargaining power closely correspond to differences in pay distributions but are uncorrelated with conventional measures of employment performance. We conclude that well-designed institutional and policy changes can substantially promote shared growth and the well-being of working families.

Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Evaluation of Breast Implant Satisfaction and Quality of Life

With a focus on aesthetic and reconstructive services, PROs have become even more important in assessing the success rate of procedures. More specifically, the current study looks into the use of PROs to gauge patient quality of life and satisfaction with breast implants. Accordingly, patients may not be content with their care because typical measures based on a proportion of fatalities, morbidity/mortality rates, or other consequences following treatment do not necessarily provide the complete picture. It is recognized that including PROs could assist healthcare practitioners with patient satisfaction insights that conventional measurements must precisely record. Among the frequently employed tools is the Breast-Q, which assesses many domains, such as satisfaction with the physical, psychological, and sexual aspects of the breast's appearance. Because of this, research has shown that incorporating these indicators is crucial for evaluating the perceived surgical outcomes, which show improved life quality and psychosocial elements and enhanced satisfaction with the appearance of the treated body area. However, physical discomfort and other adverse effects might sometimes be felt as tightness or pain that are difficult to quantify with traditional medical testing. When PROs are used in the clinic, a more thorough picture of the patient's functioning domains is provided, which enables the doctor to help the patient manage their post-operative pain or consult with a specialist about psychiatric issues. PROs can also strengthen the relationship between patients and clinicians by allowing patients to participate in creating their treatment plans, which guarantees that the plans are tailored to the patients' needs and preferences. Therefore, we must stress the significance of PROs, especially in assessing patient satisfaction with breast implants and their overall quality of life. Carotenemia SC identified areas of strength and need for improvement from the perspective of subjective constructs to enhance process quality improvement in breast implant surgery for the benefit of patients.

Study on methane degradation by microbial agents based on chelating wetting agent carriers

Due to the low permeability characteristics of the deep gas-containing coal seam, the conventional prevention and control measures that cannot solve the problems of gas outbursts are unsatisfactory for the prevention and control of the coal and gas outbursts disaster. Therefore, in this study, a strain of methane-oxidizing bacteria M07 with high-pressure resistance, strong resistance, and high methane degradation rate was selected from coal mines. The growth and degradation abilities of M07 in chelating wetting agent solutions to assess its adaptability and find the optimal agent-to-M07 ratio. It provides a new method for integrating the reduction of impact tendency and gas pressure in deep coal mines. The experimental results show that M07 is a Gram-positive bacterium of the genus Bacillus, which has strong resistance and adaptability to high-pressure water injection. By degrading 70 mol of methane, M07 produces 1 mol of carbon dioxide, which can reduce gas pressure and reduce the risk of gas outbursts in coal mines. As the experiment proves, the best effect was achieved when the M07 concentration of the chelating wetting agent was 0.05%. The methane-oxidizing bacteria based on the chelating wetting agent as carriers prove a new prevention and control method for the integrated prevention and control of coal and gas outbursts in coal mines and also provide a new idea for microbial application in coal mine disaster control.