Conventional Lining Research Articles

Future Trends in Application of Monolithic Refractories in the Cement Industry

The manufacturing process of cement has been described briefly and the conditions prevailing within the rotary kiln for both dry and wet processes have been presented. The characteristics required for the conventional refractory lining of rotary kiln have been discussed in detail. The properties of indigenous refractories have been compared with those of similar products in use in the advanced countries like USA, UK, USSR, Austria, Germany and Japan.The possibility of using castable refractories having equivalent properties of the refractory bricks mentioned earlier has been discussed with appropriate examples. The advantages and disadvantages of monolithic refractories against those of the conventional refractory bricks have been fully explained, and the application technique for lining the rotary kiln with castables has been presented.

Protective helmet with voice communication system

An improved protective helmet of the type including a two-way voice controlled communication system having electronic transmitting and receiving circuitry. When incoming signals are received by the voice communication system, a transducer vibrates a rigid portion of the helmet, causing the helmet to act as a diaphragm to produce intelligible audible sounds. The electronic circuitry of the voice communication system is mounted in a resilient carrier for protection against damage from impact and shock to the helmet. Alternatively, the electronic circuitry may be supported on and protected by the conventional cushion lining of a protective helmet.

Refractory Design for Heat Savings

The sources of heat loss from fuel-fired furnace system are reviewed and the need for proper refractory design is stressed. A design developed for hot face application is discussed and basis for selection of composite lining comprising cold face materials is mentioned. Results of trials on actual installation of modified lining in a high temperature reheating furnace are given and compared with conventional lining.