Conventional Herbal Medicine Research Articles

Quest for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapeutics: in-silico and in-vitro analysis of edible mushroom- Cordyceps militaris

BackgroundThe emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 resulted a severe threat to public health globally. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine with durable immunity, the disease transited into the endemic phase, necessitating potent antiviral therapy including a scientific basis for current traditional herbal medicine. ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct a pharmacoinformatic analysis of selected chemical ingredients and in-vitro evaluation of Cordyceps militaris extract against SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methodsC. militaris, the widely used fungus in conventional herbal medicine, was subjected to computational investigation using molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and network pharmacology analysis followed by the in-vitro assay for evaluating its anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential. ResultsThe molecular docking analysis of C. militaris revealed the Cordycepin's highest affinity (−9.71 kcal/mol) than other molecules, i.e., Cicadapeptin-I, Cicadapeptin-II, Cordycerebroside-B, and N-Acetyl galactosamine to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. C. militaris aqueous extract could reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral copy numbers by 50.24% using crude extract at 100 μg/mL concentration. ConclusionThese findings suggest that C. militaris has promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and may be explored as traditional medicine for managing the COVID-19 surge in the endemic phase.

Inovasi Jamu Jeli Anak : Metode Housewife Creative dengan Menggabungkan Semangat Kewirausahaan dan Pelestarian Tradisi Lokal untuk Meningkatkan Perekonomian Keluarga

The role of housewives is a vital component of the nation that can be empowered to enhance family welfare. Various programs can be implemented by women to improve family well-being by utilizing and managing their surrounding environment. One such program, particularly in the realm of food, is the cultivation and utilization of local traditions, specifically the Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) program. Prioritized issues include the availability of land for TOGA cultivation and the processing of results that still yield conventional products, limiting their economic value. The use of chemical drugs, especially for children, poses significant risks, given the prevalence of toddlers and children under 12 in residential areas. Efforts are needed to reduce the consumption of chemical drugs in favor of herbal products and to address the innovative production and management of herbal products as a priority for PKK housewives. Activities involve socialization and training using the Housewife Creative Method as a solution. The modification of conventional herbal medicine or liquid herbal medicine into gel form is considered an innovative solution, adding economic value when sold. A 3-4 month community service project in Green Semesta Housing, Wates Subdistrict, Semarang, specifically in RT 2 RW 4, targeting PKK mothers, yielded positive and beneficial results. PKK mothers, who are also homemakers, gained additional insights into the use of TOGA plants, creating economically valuable products such as jelly herbal medicine for children in various types and creative packaging. The project also provided advanced entrepreneurial knowledge related to utilizing local products like TOGA plants. All PKK mothers could predict selling prices and produce appealingly packaged jelly herbal medicine products, making them suitable for marketing and sale.

TRANSFORMATION OF HOME-BASED TRADITIONAL JAMU MARKETING FROM CONVENTIONAL TO ONLINE SYSTEMS WITHIN THE MSME MARKET

This study aims to explain the process of transforming the business of selling processed herbal medicine from a conventional system to an online system and to explain the opportunities and challenges of this business going forward. The research method in writing this thesis is descriptive and uses 5 key informants as traditional herbal medicine business actors, herbs and pharmacies. The increasing consumption of herbal medicine by the community is influenced by various factors, such as personal factors, marketing factors, socio-cultural factors, psychological factors and price factors. These various factors have an impact on the level of consumer/customer acceptance of herbal medicine from conventional trading businesses to online trading businesses. The determining factor in the process of converting a conventional herbal medicine business into an online herbal medicine trading business is the legality factor in the circulation and use of herbal medicine . It is necessary to conduct further investigations regarding alternative traditional herbal medicine, the availability of herbal basic ingredients / herbal raw materials so that the herbal medicine manufacturing process can continue

Papillary Endometrial Adenocarcinoma with Cervical Dysplasia: Report of a Case and Review of Literature

Objective: Multifocality in gynecologic malignancies is a common phenomenon, however synchronous tumors may occur. Synchronous cancers are about 1.7% of gynecologic malignancies. Methods: A 57-year old female with chief complaint of vaginal bleeding was admitted. Endometrial curettage and cervical biopsy was done.Result: Pathologist reported: compatible with papillary adenocarcinoma, Grade II in endometrial sample and squamous epithelium with moderate dysplasia and tiny fragments of atypical glandular epithelium in endocervical samples. The patient refused for surgical excision of the lesion and insisted on to treat with conventional herbal medicine. Later Pap smear was done and pathologist reported: “High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and atypical glandular cells, favor neoplastic in atrophic background”. Conclusion: In the case of gynecologic cancer be careful that it may accompany another gynecologic malignancy or premalignant lesion. The second lesion may occur synchronous or metachronous or may be metastatic. Many of the synchronous malignancies are presented in lower stages and have better prognosis than metastatic lesion. Thorough sampling and examination is important in correct diagnosis and treatment.

Sosialisasi rintisan pengembangan desa wisata kebugaran kelurahan Canden kabupaten Bantul D.I Yogyakarta

Canden, a village in the Bantul Regency, is one of the tourism settlements with the potential to develop. The village of Canden comprises 15 hamlets, one of which is Kiringan, recognized as a hub for conventional herbal medicine. This hamlet is home to at least 110 herbal medicine vendors. This community service project aimed to make it easier for the town of Canden to thrive as a tourism destination, starting with the potential of herbal medicine as the foundation of wellness travel. This community service approach was participatory rural appraissal using focus group discussion with community, tourism management, head of the tourism office, public health center, university, and so on. This community service was carried out smoothly and the results were obtained in the form of community mapping and identification of needs in the development of fitness tourism villages.

Evaluation of Antileishmanial Activity of Osteospermum ecklonis Extract of Aerial Parts against Leishmania donovani: in vitro(Conference Paper) #

Abstract
 
 Lack of safe available non-resistant treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) keeps limiting the complete cure of this disease ,drugs that have toxic side effects or lack of effectiveness have led to disease relapse ,all these factors have lightened the way to the search for imperative drugs from natural resources that have been shown to have antileishmanial activity through literature survey
 . In the present study, the comparative in vitro anti-leishmania activity of various fractions of Osteospermum ecklonis aerial parts fractions have been evaluated. Extracts were prepared through maceration and Soxhlet apparatus using 85% methanol and fractionation was done by separating the active constituents according to the differences in their polarities using petroleum ether and n-butanol respectively. The resultant fractions( petroleum ether as well as n-butanol fractions )were chosen for effective inhibition of Leishmania donovani, The results prove with no doubt that the petroleum ether fraction of the maceration aerial parts in a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml had better antileishmanial activity than other concentrations of tested samples and the result coincided with the anti-leishmaniasis activity of official treatment (pentostam®) ,This finding can be attributed to the terpene nature of the materials used to be existed in such fraction. This observation have paved the road to step in for extended studies in relation to the conventional herbal medicines for better and safe alternatives to available synthetic chemical drugs.

The Effect Of Traditional Herbal Medicine On The Fitness Level Of Swimming Athletes In Palopo City

Traditional herbal medicine is a heritage used for treatment and health maintenance in Indonesia. One is to improve physical fitness with ginger, free-range chicken eggs, palm sugar and honey. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of herbal medicine on the physical fitness level of swimming athletes in Palopo to discover if traditional herbal drinks affect physical fitness levels. This study uses an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest research design with the number of samples in this study are 15 athletes combined into one group. This research was conducted for 16 meetings. The analysis was carried out in the University of Muhammadiyah Palopo campus; the groups were combined into one and given treatment in the form of herbal drinks after carrying out pretest activities with a dose of 250 ml. To measure the final data of the fitness test after consuming the herbal drink, a posttest was carried out, which later became a comparison of whether there was an effect of the herbal drink on the level of physical fitness. The results of this research show an improvement in physical fitness by drinking traditional herbal medicine the Palopo Swimming athletes. Thus, there is a significant relationship between consuming conventional herbal medicine and Palopo swimming athletes' physical fitness.

Clinical Efficacy of Coptidis Rhizoma for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine on Chemo -Radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis.Methods: Electronic databases were used to search for studies published through 10 years until October 2022, and a randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of herbal medicine on chemo-radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Study quality was assessed using the Cochran’s risk bias tool.Results: Two-hundred and three articles were initially searched, and 11 studies (head and neck cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer etc. undergoing radio-chemotherapy were included in analysis. The effect of herbal medicine on chemo-radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis, 9 studies reported that herbal medicine was more effective than the placebo group or conventional treatment. One study reported that the effect of the herbal compound treatment group was similar to that of the conventional herbal medicine, and one study reported that there was no difference in effect between the two herbal medicines and the group without treatment.Conclusion: This study suggests that herbal medicine effectively relieves the symptoms of chemo-radiotherapy -induced oral mucositis. However, there is limited evidence that herbal medicine may relief chemo-radiotherapy -induced oral mucositis, so further investigation is needed.

ARTIKEL REVIEW : FITOKIMIA DAN FARMAKOLOGI TUMBUHAN KITOLOD (Isotoma longiflora Presi)

Isotoma Longiflora Presi known as kitolod belongs to the Campanulaceae family. This plant is used as traditional medicine, and now continues to be in the process of moving towards conventional herbal medicine. Kitolod plants grow scattered on several islands in Indonesia, especially in the lowlands. This review article discusses the scientific journal of the kitolod plant which focuses on chemical compounds and also their pharmacological activities. All information exposure obtained from scientific literature such as scientific journals, the official website of the Minister of Health, books and also electronic books. Based on the results of a literature survey, Kitolod Plant (Isotoma Longiflora Presi). used in traditional medicine, used as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and is also able to help treat glaucoma and hyperlepidemia. Phytochemical compounds contained in this plant are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. This finding was obtained from both in vivo and in vitro testing and analysis of Isotoma Longiflora Presi.

Traditional Chinese medicine use in patients with oral cancer: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study in Taiwan.

Oral cancer is frequently associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel quid chewing, which are common harmful behaviors observed in certain cohorts of the Taiwanese population. Some reports have explored the potential therapeutic effect of certain herbal remedies on cancer treatments and the outcomes thereof. However, supportive evidence regarding the specific use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in oral cancer treatment is lacking and deserves further investigation. This study measured the use of TCM therapies for oral cancer in a Taiwanese population-based retrospective longitudinal cohort study. The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was utilized to conduct this study. The study population was limited to oral cancer patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2009, which were followed up for at least 5 years. Therapeutic strategies investigated included acupuncture and the Chinese herbs and formula used. Additionally, the frequency of TCM treatment visits, total medical costs, and all-cause mortality were also analyzed. Between 2000 and 2009, a total of 951 patients were diagnosed with various oral cancers. 13.7% of the diagnosed patients utilized TCM treatment measures. The majority of the patients were males. The top 3 common single herbs used were Xuán shēn (Radix Scrophulariae), Shí hú (Herba Dendrobii), and Mài mén dōng (Ophiopogon Japonicus). Then, Gān lù yǐn, Zhī bǎi dì huáng wán, and Sàn zhǒng kuì jiān tāng were the most frequently used herbal formulas. The survival probability was higher in TCM users when compared to non-TCM users in 5- and 12-year all-cause mortality (P < .05). This study explored the use of TCM therapies in oral cancer patients and identified essential information regarding the specifics of conventional herbal medicine used, affiliated medical costs, survival probability, and common symptoms observed in Taiwanese oral cancer patients.

Evolving Role of Natural Products from Traditional Medicinal Herbs in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia by impairing mental capacity growth and disrupting neurocognitive activity. Despite recent advancements in AD therapy, therapeutic effectiveness has been small, noncurative, and susceptible to drug resistance. The reality that AD's origin remains unknown and that the blood-brain barrier limits treatment effectiveness are two significant impediments to science. Plants are repositories for novel chemical entities, which provide an exciting avenue for Alzheimer's disease studies. Although several herbal remedies are unquestionably efficient, only a small number have been clinically tested for their active chemical constituents and biological activities. Using published data in the literature, we summarized commonly used medicinal plants and herbs and their phyto components for the care and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease as an alternative therapy. In this, we summarize the main compounds found in 30 different herbal medicines that target neurodegenerative diseases. Using the experimental study of physicochemical properties, we put forward a hypothesis about potential medicinal plants and the management of Alzheimer's disease. The summary analysis demonstrates that conventional herbal medicines produce compounds with physicochemical properties with a high degree of similarities with existing approved medicines.

Overview of Phytochemical Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of Ananas Comosus L. Merr

Ananas comosus L. Merr, known as pineapple, belongs to the Bromeliaceae family. This plant has been used as traditional medicine and continues until now in conventional herbal medicine. The pineapple was distributed in some countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and originated from South America. This article delved the scientific work about Ananas comosus focussing their usage as traditional medicine, chemical compounds and biological activities. All of the pieces of information were obtained from the scientific literature such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed. Based on the literature survey,different parts of pineapple (Ananas comosus) are used in traditional medicine, used asan anti-inflammatory agent,anti-oedema, digestive disorder, antimicrobial, vermicide, and purgative. Phytochemical compounds from A. comosus have been provided, including ascorbic acid, quercetin, flavones-3-ol, flavones, and ferulic acid. The crude extracts of A. comosus have many pharmacological activities such as anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial. This discovery becomes possible due to scientific isolation and in vivo or in vitro analysis of A.comosus.

Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in Aziziye District (Erzurum, Turkey).

The present research was conducted to document the usage of medicinal plants, plant parts utilized, and methods of preparation by the people living in Aziziye district, situated in the western part of Erzurum. The medicinal plant species utilized by local public for remedial aims were collected and identified. The related knowledge about conventional herbal medicine was collected, herbarium materials were prepared, and they were deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Science, Atatürk University. A total of 77 medical plants pertaining to 30 families were defined in this research. Amongst these, 62 species grew naturally and 15 species were cultivated. The most widespread medicinal plant families were Asteraceae (14), Rosaceae (7), Lamiaceae (5), and Apiaceae (5). The most widespread preparation was decoction. The ethnobotanical outcomes documented in this study provide practical evidence about the use of medicinal plants among the inhabitants of Aziziye District. Furthermore, the results revealed that the medicinal plants of the region are a major source of herbal drugs for primary healthcare utilized among the rural communities. This study can be utilized as baseline knowledge for further scientific research to improve new plant-based commercial drugs, and may transfer the traditional information as regards usage of medicinal herbs to new generation.

Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes browning by inducing UCP1 expression and mitochondrial activity in 3T3-L1 and subcutaneous white adipocytes

BackgroundPanax ginseng Meyer is known as a conventional herbal medicine, and ginsenoside Rg1, a steroid glycoside, is one of its components. Although Rg1 has been proved to have an antiobesity effect, the mechanism of this effect and whether it involves adipose browning have not been elucidated. Methods3T3-L1 and subcutaneous white adipocytes from mice were used to access the thermogenic effect of Rg1. Adipose mitochondria and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Protein level and mRNA of UCP1 were also evaluated by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. ResultsRg1 dramatically enhanced expression of brown adipocyte–specific markers, such as UCP1 and fatty acid oxidation genes, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1. In addition, it modulated lipid metabolism, activated 5′ adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase, and promoted lipid droplet dispersion. ConclusionsRg1 increases UCP1 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1 and subcutaneous white adipose cells isolated from C57BL/6 mice. We suggest that Rg1 exerts its antiobesity effects by promoting adipocyte browning through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.

A Case Study of Burning Mouth Syndrome with Oro-facial Dyskinesia Treated with Korean Medicine using Se-sim Pharmacopuncture

Objectives This clinical report describes one patient with the clinical characteristics of burning mouth syndrome accompanied by oro-facial dyskinesia. Methods The patient with burning mouth syndrome and jaw tremor was treated using the following Korean medicine treatments: the herbal medicines Yukgunja-tang-gami (å ­å›å­æ¹¯åŠ å‘³) and Sibak-tang-gami (æŸ´æœ´æ¹¯åŠ å‘³) and acupuncture for 16 days, together with 10 Se-sim (Uncaria Ramulus et Uncus) pharmacopuncture procedures. Patient symptoms were evaluated daily using a Visual Analog Scale questionnaire and twice using the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) questionnaire. Results After the treatments, the oro-facial dyskinesia and burning sensation on the tongue were improved by 62.5%. The mental state of anxiety, regarded as the reason for these complaints, was also improved, based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory results (67/61 versus 57/52). We found that the improvement was better when combining Se-sim (Uncaria Ramulus et Uncus) pharmacopuncture with the conventional herbal medicine and acupuncture used in Korean medicine. Conclusion Korean medicine treatments may be valuable for patients with burning mouth syndrome and oro-facial dyskinesia. Keywords: burning mouth syndrome, oro-facial dyskinesia, Korean medical treatment, Yukgunja-tang-gami, Sibak-tang-gami

Khasi mandarin: its importance, problems and prospects of cultivation in North-eastern Himalayan region

Northeast India is recognized as an important part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. It is one of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots accepted at present. This is also considered as the richest and one of the most endangered places for plant survival in the world. This area is known as one of the centers of origin of various Citrus species. Among the Citrus crops available in northeastern region, Khasi mandarin is the most economically important one and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of the people in this region. Khasi mandarin is well known for its quality, fruit colour, unique sugar-acid blend and shelf life which make it the most popular citrus cultivar in northeastern region of the country. It covers the largest area in the region due to its commercial value. Assam and Meghalaya have the maximum area and production of Khasi mandarin. The health benefits of oranges have been well known for centuries, but it has therapeutic values that have long been utilized in conventional herbal medicine. Experimental studies shows that its bioactive compounds have tremendous pharmaceutical activity like, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, cancer preventing etc. which clearly indicate the potential of the crop for the pharmaceutical industry. Although India is fourth largest producer of orange in the world but due to the problem of citrus decline the average yield of orange in India is alarmingly low as compared to other countries. This review thereby summarizes the medicinal and nutritional value of mandarin, their economic importance, problems and prospects of cultivation in northeastern region.

Investigation on arbuscular mycorrhizal alliances in some threatened medicinal herbs of Burdwan district, West Bengal, India

Perseverance of conventional herbal medicines is increasing gradually throughout the world. Considering the growing demand of ethnomedicinal plants in therapeutic treatments to our primary health care system and the role of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi for enhanced production of active secondary metabolites by the medicinal plants, the present work was undertaken to survey the arbuscular mycorrhizal status in some common medicinal herbs like, Abrus precatorius, Elephantopus scaber, Sida rhombifoliaand Clerodendrum indicum. As evidenced from Grid-line intersect method, all the plants under investigation were colonized by the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as both the vesicles and arbuscules were present in the roots. Arbuscular frequency was the highest in the roots of E. scaber (0.3 to 98.7), followed by A. precatorius (5.97 to 61.46) and lowest inC. indicum (0.1 to 31.7). Correspondingly, vesicular frequency was the highest in E. scaber(0 to 63.33) and lowest in C. indicum (31.83 to 40.2). It is apparent from the results that the extent of mycorrhizal colonization varied significantly with the seasonal variations throughout the year. Spore analysis from the rhizosphere soil sample exhibited a great deal of variation in their frequency and occurrence in different seasons of the year and also in their morphological features. The VAM/arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi observed in the present study mostly belong to the species group of Glomus. Key words: Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM),Glomus species, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Sclerocystis species, Abrus precatorius,Elephantopus scaber, Sida rhombifolia, Clerodendrum indicum.

Citrullus colocynthis as a medicinal or poisonous plant: A revised fact

Citrullus colocynthis is a conventional herbal medicine with wide therapeutic applications, but also with some toxic side effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of C. colocynthis. Thirty male rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. Test animals were treated with 100 or 200 mg/kg/day of either pulp or seed extract. One month later, surviving animals were sacrificed and specimens of small intestine, kidney, and liver were prepared for morphological evaluation. No animals treated with 200 mg/kg/day of pulp extract survived. Animals treated with 100 mg/kg/day of pulp extract displayed sever lesions in the small intestine, kidney, and liver. Interestingly, animals treated with either 100 or 200 mg/kg/day of seed extract displayed only minor intestinal insult. In contrast to seed extract, pulp extract of C. colocynthis can be fatal to rabbits. Therefore, seed extract may be the preferred route for therapeutic application. Key words: Citrullus colocynthis, fatal, rabbits, toxicity.

Bioconversion composition of Ssanghwa-tang fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum

Ssanghwa-tang is a medicinal formula that is widely prescribed in Korea to decrease fatigue after an illness. Fermented herbal medicines might be made more efficacious than conventional herbal medicines by increasing the absorption and bioavailability of the active compounds. In this study, Ssanghwa-tang was fermented to produce bioconversion compositions using Lactobacillus fermentum, and six peaks were decreased, four peaks were increased and one peak newly appeared in the HPLC-DAD chromatogram. The structures of the newly-appearing compound (1) and increased (2–5) compounds were identified as follows using NMR and MS: liquiritigenin (1), nodakenetin (2), cinnamyl alcohol (3), decursinol (4), and benzoic acid (5). The decreased compounds were identified to be paeoniflorin (6), liquiritin (7), nodakenin (8), cinnamaldehyde (9), decursin (10), and decursinol angelate (11) using HPLC-DAD analysis with authentic compounds. The high performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the eleven constituents in Ssanghwa-tang and fermented Ssanghwa-tang. All calibration curves of the standard compounds exhibited excellent linearity with a R2 > 0.9940.