Conventional Bar Research Articles

Thermal Degradation of Mechanical Properties in Super Ductile Reinforcing Steel Bars: A Comparative Study with Conventional Bars

Thermal Degradation of Mechanical Properties in Super Ductile Reinforcing Steel Bars: A Comparative Study with Conventional Bars

From Bar to Sportainment: The Role of Strategic Communication in Holywings' Brand Transformation

The strategic transformation of brands in the digital age necessitates a dynamic and multifaceted approach to communication. The case of Holywings, an Indonesian establishment that successfully transitioned its brand identity from a conventional bar to a prominent player in the sportainment industry, exemplifies this phenomenon. The research employed a qualitative methodology, incorporating in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and a comprehensive content analysis of Holywings' social media presence. The interviews provided insights into the strategic rationale and communication tactics employed, while the content analysis examined the types of content shared, engagement metrics, and overall communication style. The findings revealed a multifaceted strategic communication approach, leveraging both digital and traditional marketing channels. Social media platforms, particularly Instagram and TikTok, played a pivotal role in showcasing Holywings' sportainment offerings and fostering audience engagement. The content strategy focused on sports-centric events, behind-the-scenes glimpses, and interactive elements, amplified by the use of gimmicks, drama, and storytelling. The integration of offline activations further enhanced the brand experience, fostering a sense of community and loyalty. The strategic communication efforts yielded a significant shift in brand perception, successfully repositioning Holywings as a leader in the sportainment industry. The omnichannel engagement model facilitated a seamless and personalized customer experience, driving brand advocacy and repeat business. In conclusion, the study underscores the pivotal role of strategic communication in shaping brand perception, navigating the complexities of brand transformation, and achieving sustainable growth in the digital age. The findings highlight the importance of adaptability, innovation, and a customer-centric approach in crafting a compelling brand narrative and fostering meaningful connections with the target audience.

Durability of glass FRP bar‐reinforced seawater–sea sand concrete beams under sustained loading in a subtropical coastal environment

AbstractThe replacement of conventional bars with fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) bars in seawater–sea sand concrete (SSC) structures is a promising method for sustainable construction. To promote the engineering application of the aforementioned structures, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the concerns regarding the durability of SSC beams reinforced with GFRP bars. For this purpose, three‐point bending tests were conducted on GFRP bar‐reinforced SSC beams to examine the coupled effects of sustained loading and exposure to a subtropical coastal environment on the flexural behavior of exposed SSC beams. The test results revealed that SSC beams reinforced with GFRP bars exhibited excellent durability in a subtropical coastal environment. The coupled effect of sustained loading and exposure to the subtropical coastal environment had an insignificant negative influence on the ultimate flexural capacity of GFRP bar‐reinforced SSC beams at 540 days of age. The failure mechanism of the exposed GFRP bar‐reinforced SSC beams was concrete crushing due to overreinforcement. Finally, the flexural capacity of the exposed beams was predicted by a function of the degradation in the tensile strength of the GFRP bars.Highlights The coupled effects of loading and environmental exposure on GFRP‐SSC beams were examined. The failure mechanisms of the exposed GFRP‐SSC beams was investigated. The long‐term flexural capacity of the GFRP‐SSC beams was predicted.

Morphological Evolution of Disk Galaxies and Their Concentration, Asymmetry, and Clumpiness (CAS) Properties in Simulations across Toomre’s Q Parameter

We investigate the morphological and structural evolution of disk galaxies in simulations for a wide range of Toomre’s Q parameters. In addition to the inspection of conventional bar modes, we compute the concentration, asymmetry, and clumpiness (CAS) parameters to enlarge the understanding of the galaxy evolution. These parameters are widely employed to analyze the light distribution of the observed galaxies, but the adaptation to numerical simulations is not much considered. While the bar formation takes place in a considerable range of Q around 1, barred galaxies originating from Q > 1 and Q < 1 disks yield CAS values that differ significantly. Disks starting with Q < 1 develop clumps due to local gravitational instabilities along with the bar, and these clumps play a central role in enhancing the CAS values. This process is absent in the Q > 1 counterparts in which the evolution is dominated by linearly unstable two-armed modes that lead to lower CAS values. Likewise, unbarred galaxies that are obtainable from disks with Q far below and far above 1 exhibit greatly different CAS magnitudes. It turns out that the CAS parameters can serve as indicators of the initial kinematical state and the evolution history of a disk of any morphology. In addition, we find an alternative mechanism of the formation of the lopsided barred galaxy when Q ≲ 1. Bars that evolve in the midst of the clumps can spontaneously become lopsided at the end.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПОЛЗУЧЕСТИ СТАЛЕЖЕЛЕЗОБЕТОННЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ

The paper presents the results of investigation of creep and shrinkage of steel-reinforced concrete specimens. For this purpose, parallel tests of specimens made of the same class of concrete but with different reinforcement were carried out. Concrete specimens, specimens reinforced with bar reinforcement frames and steel reinforced concrete specimens with external sheet reinforcement were investigated. The tests were carried out in climatic rooms using spring setups to maintain a constant load acting on the specimens over time. The load on the specimens was selected based on the equality of stresses in the concrete in all series of specimens. The specimens were tested both waterproofed and non-waterproofed, and the effect of waterproofing coating on shrinkage and creep strains was evaluated for different series of specimens. A system was developed to capture information. which allows, in addition to longitudinal shrinkage and creep deformations, to determine transverse deformations, longitudinal deformations along the faces of the specimen to determine the influence of reinforcement and steel of the outer plate, to evaluate the change in longitudinal deformations from the center of the specimen to its edges, to evaluate separately the deformations of concrete and steel plate in steel-reinforced concrete specimens. The analysis of the results allowed a comparative assessment of the influence of conventional bar reinforcement as well as steel sheet of steel-reinforced concrete specimens on creep and shrinkage deformations; the influence of waterproofing coating on the test results in different series was also assessed. Based on the results of this work, extended requirements for experimental and theoretical studies of steel-reinforced concrete specimens with external sheet reinforcement to determine their design stiffnesses were formulated.

Metamodern Spell Casting

Metamodern Spell Casting

Evaluation of the passive fit and definitive marginal fit of prefabricated and conventional CAD-CAM milled titanium bars with a fully guided surgical protocol: An in vitro study

Statement of problemComputer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled titanium bars have shown good clinically acceptable passive fit and definitive marginal fit; however, investigations into the passive fit and definitive marginal fit of prefabricated CAD-CAM milled titanium bars are lacking. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the passive fit and definitive marginal fit of prefabricated and conventional CAD-CAM milled titanium bars. Material and methodsA total of 10 polyurethane radiopaque anatomic completely edentulous mandibular models had implants (Biohorizons) placed in the left and right canine and second premolar positions using a 3-dimensionally printed fully guided surgical guide. For the conventional bars, impressions were made, and casts were scanned and exported to a software program (exocad 3.0). For the prefabricated bars, the surgical plans were exported from the software program directly. The Sheffield test was used to evaluate the passive fit of the bars, and marginal fit was evaluated with a scanning electron microscope at ×50 magnification. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine that the data were normally distributed; the data are presented using mean and standard deviation. Group comparisons were made with the independent t test (α=.05). ResultsThe passive and marginal fit of the conventional bars was better than that of the prefabricated bars. The mean ±standard deviation values for passive fit were 75.2 ±13.7 μm for conventional bars and 94.7 ±16.0 μm for prefabricated bars (P<.001). A statistically significant difference (P<.001) was also found between the marginal fit of the conventional bars 18.7 ±6.1 μm and the prefabricated bars 56.3 ±13.0 μm. ConclusionsConventional CAD-CAM milled titanium bars had a better passive and marginal fit than prefabricated CAD-CAM milled titanium bars; however, both had clinically acceptable passive fit ranging from 75.2 to 94.7 μm and definitive marginal fit ranging from 18.7 to 56.3 μm.

Durability of GFRP bar-reinforced seawater–sea sand concrete beams: Coupled effects of sustained loading and exposure to a chloride environment

Seawater–sea sand concrete (SWSSC) structures reinforced with glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars can favour the eco-construction of marine infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate the coupling effects of sustained loading and exposure to a chloride environment on the durability of GFRP bar-reinforced SWSSC beams. Two types of specimens were designed and tested: (1) GFRP bars covered with SWSSC to simulate GFRP bars within the beams and (2) GFRP bar-reinforced SWSSC beams. An accelerated ageing environment imposed on the specimens by wet-dry cycles in saline solution containing 3.5 % NaCl. The relationship between the degradation of the GFRP bars and conditioned beams were investigated. The results showed that SWSSC exhibited a better cooperative performance with GFRP bars than with conventional bars, resulting in good durability of GFRP bar-reinforced SWSSC beams exposed to chloride environments. Although the coupling conditions had a negative impact on the prestress losses of the conditioned beams, the ultimate flexural strength of the conditioned beams with over-reinforcement did not decrease significantly due to their failure controlled by the concrete. In addition, a re-correction model adopting the deterioration of GFRP bars was presented to estimate the residual flexural strength of the conditioned beams exposed to the chloride environment. The results indicated that the strength deterioration of the GFRP bars by 36 % would trigger a 15 % degradation in the flexural strength of the conditioned beams.

Experimental research on seismic behaviors of RC columns considering buckling of HRB600 longitudinal steel bars

The inelastic buckling of longitudinal bars and premature fracture that followed can always be observed in laboratory research and earthquake damage of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. The buckling deformation and accompanied fracture of HRB600 high-strength steel bars are more significant than those of conventional reinforcing bars, but the buckling properties of HRB600 reinforcement and the influence of premature fracture on the seismic performance of RC columns are far from clear. In this paper, low cyclic loading tests were conducted on six full-scale RC columns reinforced with HRB600 reinforcement by changing the slenderness ratios of longitudinal bars and the axial compression ratios of columns, and the lateral buckling displacements of longitudinal bars were measured by an identified method. Based on the lateral buckling displacements, the buckling behaviors of longitudinal bars were analyzed. It shows that cover concrete has a significant constraint effect on preventing buckling of HRB600 reinforcement. The inelastic buckling behaviors and premature fracture of HRB600 bars on the ultimate deformation capacity and ductility of RC columns were investigated according to the lateral buckling displacements and ductility coefficient. It is found that the increase of the slenderness ratio would cause larger buckling displacements making the local plastic deformation concentration and low-cycle fatigue damage of HRB600 reinforcement more serious, resulting in the premature fracture of longitudinal bars and decrease of ductility of RC columns. Furthermore, a series of individual bars accompanied by the RC columns were tested. Based on the average stress–strain curves, the effects of yield strength and slenderness ratio were discussed. Former researches of conventional longitudinal bars were involved to form a comparison group with HRB600 bars. The results indicate that the deformation capacity reserves of HRB600 reinforcement after 85% peak load were significantly lower compared with conventional bars. It is suggested to limit the application of RC columns reinforced with HRB600 longitudinal bars in high seismic intensity areas and improve the limitation on the slenderness ratio of high-strength steel bars.

Improvement of performance of the RC beams using the longitudinal spiral reinforcements

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of using circular spirals as the longitudinal reinforcing bars on the performance of the concrete beams subjected to four-point bending load.Design/methodology/approachThe effects of using circular spirals as the longitudinal reinforcing bars on the performance of the concrete beams subjected to four-point bending load are investigated in this study. Employing circular spirals as the main longitudinal reinforcement is a novel idea presented in this paper. In this regard, a finite element model of the beam with spiral longitudinal reinforcement was developed. After model verification, several configurations of concrete beams reinforced by longitudinal spirals were simulated under the four-point loading condition.FindingsObtained results showed that using the longitudinal spirals in place of the conventional longitudinal reinforcing bars can improve the bearing capacity of the concrete beam, but at the same time, increases its ductility unacceptably. In other words, the spirals reduce the initial stiffness of the beam significantly. To solve the problem, the authors decided to use the longitudinal spirals as the auxiliary bars added to the main conventional longitudinal bars in the beams. New gained results were satisfactory. By adding the longitudinal spirals to the conventional bars, not only the bearing capacity of the beam increases between 24% and 63%, but also the initial stiffness and ductility of the beam raises between 11%–29% and 3%–57%, respectively, in comparison to the corresponding beam reinforced with conventional longitudinal bars.Originality/valueEmploying circular spirals as the main longitudinal reinforcement is a novel idea presented in this paper.

Effects of virtual reality-based feedback on neurofeedback training performance-A sham-controlled study.

Electroencephalography-neurofeedback (EEG-NF) has become a valuable tool in the field of psychology, e.g., to improve cognitive function. Nevertheless, a large percentage of NF users seem to be unable to control their own brain activation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether a different kind of visual feedback could positively influence NF performance after one training session. Virtual reality (VR) seems to have beneficial training effects and has already been reported to increase motivational training aspects. In the present study, we tested 61 young healthy adults (mean age: 23.48 years; 28 female) to investigate, whether 3D VR-based NF training has a more beneficial effect on the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR, 12–15 Hz) power increase than a mere 2D conventional NF paradigm. In the 3D group, participants had to roll a ball along a predefined path in an immersive virtual environment, whereas the 2D group had to increase the height of a bar. Both paradigms were presented using VR goggles. Participants completed one baseline and six feedback runs with 3 min each, in which they should try to increase SMR power over Cz. Half of the participants received real feedback whereas the other half received sham feedback. Participants receiving 3D VR-based feedback showed a linear increase in SMR power over the feedback runs within one training session. This was the case for the real as well as for the sham 3D feedback group and might be related to more general VR-related effects. The 2D group receiving the conventional bar feedback showed no changes in SMR power over the feedback runs. The present study underlines that the visual feedback modality has differential effects on the NF training performance and that 3D VR-based feedback has advantages over conventional 2D feedback.

Large‐Scale Manufacturing of Pattern‐Integrated Paper Li‐Ion Microbatteries through Roll‐to‐Roll Flexographic Printing

AbstractElectrode architectures significantly influence the electrochemical performance, flexibility, and applications of lithium‐ion batteries (LiBs). However, the conventional bar coating for fabricating electrodes limits the addition of customized architecture or patterns. In this study, as a novel approach, patterns are integrated into electrodes through large‐scale roll‐to‐roll (R2R) flexographic printing. Additionally, flexible, recyclable, and biodegradable paper are innovatively used as a printing substrate during printing LiBs manufacturing, which exhibited superior printability. Moreover, the paper is modified with a thin‐layer Al2O3 to function as the separator in the printed LiB. The Al2O3‐coated paper enables an admirable wettability for printing, excellent mechanical properties for high‐speed R2R manufacturing, and outstanding thermal stability for the safe and stable operation of LiBs. The assembled paper cells exhibit nearly 100% discharge capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 3 C and outstanding rate performance. This work inspires future large‐scale microbatteries manufacturing integrated with high‐resolution architecture designs.

Improving Visualization Methods of Utility-Weighted Disability Outcomes for Stroke Trials.

BackgroundThe modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is the most common endpoint in acute stroke trials, but its power is limited when analyzed dichotomously and its indication of effect size is challenging to interpret when analyzed ordinally. To address these issues, the utility-weighted-mRS (UW-mRS) has been developed as a patient-centered, linear scale. However, appropriate data visualizations of UW-mRS results are needed, as current stacked bar chart displays do not convey crucial utility-weighting information.Design/MethodsTwo UW-mRS display formats were devised: (1) Utility Staircase charts, and (2) choropleth-stacked-bar-charts (CSBCs). In Utility Staircase displays, mRS segment height reflects the utility value of each mRS level. In CSBCs, mRS segment color intensity reflects the utility of each mRS level. Utility Staircase and CSBC figures were generated for 15 randomized comparisons of acute ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke therapies, including fibrinolysis, endovascular reperfusion, blood pressure moderation, and hemicraniectomy. Display accuracy in showing utility outcomes was assessed with the Tufte-lie-factor and ease-of-use assessed by formal ratings completed by a panel of 4 neurologists and emergency physicians and one nurse-coordinator.ResultsThe Utility Staircase and CSBC displays rapidly conveyed patient-centered valuation of trial outcome distributions not available in conventional ordinal stacked bar charts. Tufte-lie-factor (LF) scores indicated “substantial distortion” of utility-valued outcomes for 93% (14/15) of conventional stacked bar charts, vs. “no distortion” for all Utility Staircase and CSBC displays. Clinician ratings on the Figural Display Questionnaire indicated that utility information encoded in row height (Utility Staircase display) was more readily assimilated than that conveyed in segment hue intensity (CSBC), both superior to conventional stacked bar charts.ConclusionsUtility Staircase displays are an efficient graphical format for conveying utility weighted–modified Rankin Scale primary endpoint results of acute stroke trials, and choropleth-stacked-bar-charts a good alternative. Both are more accurate in depicting quantitative, health-related quality of life results and preferred by clinician users for utility results visualization, compared with conventional stacked bar charts.

Getting more out of the zebrafish light dark transition test

In (eco-)toxicological studies the light/dark transition (LDT) test is one of the most frequently used behaviour assays with zebrafish eleutheroembryos. However, study results vary regarding data presentation and analysis and mostly focus on a limited amount of the recorded data. In this study, we investigated whether monitoring two behavioural outcomes (time and distance moved) together with analysing multiple parameters can improve test sensitivity and data interpretation. As a proof of principle 5-day old zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos exposed to either endocrine disruptors (EDs) or acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors were investigated. We analysed conventional parameters such as mean and sum and implemented additional endpoints such as minimum or maximum distance moved and new parameters assessing the bursting response of eleutheroembryos. Furthermore, changes in eleutheroembryonic behaviour during the moment of the light to dark transition were added. To improve data presentation control-normalised results were displayed in radar charts, enabling the simultaneous presentation of different parameters in relation to each other. This enabled us to identify parameters most relevant to a certain behavioural response. A cut off threshold using control data was applied to identify parameters that were altered in a biological relevant manner. Our approach was able to detect effects on different parameters that remained undetected when analysis was done using conventional bar graphs on - in most cases analysed - averaged, mean distance moved values. By combining the radar charts with additional parameters and by using control-based thresholds, we were able to increase the test sensitivity and promote a deeper understanding of the behaviour response of zebrafish eleutheroembryos in the LDT test and thereby increased its usability for behavioural toxicity studies.

Strategic shoeing adjustment is imperative in solving complicated hoof problems while managing distal phalanx rotation in a laminitic horse with sheared heels

AbstractA 22‐year‐old gelding pony, diagnosed with bilateral chronic laminitis and sheared heels, underwent strategic shoeing management to solve the complicated hoof problems in both front legs. The left hoof was shod with a conventional bar shoe with an unsupported toe, while a modified Z‐bar shoe with an unsupported toe was applied on the right front hoof. The severity of lameness declined following the application of the two different shoeing styles, although the sheared heel condition was improved only in the right forelimb. Accidental nailing into the compromised medial hoof wall occurred, causing lameness in the right front hoof. Orthopaedic casting tape and the conventional bar shoe with the unsupported toe were applied, decreasing the lameness severity in the affected hoof. Strategic shoeing adjustments are essential in solving complicated hoof problems while managing distal phalanx rotation in a laminitic horse with sheared heels.

Design method and experiment verification for hybrid fiber reinforced polymer bars with both tensile ductility and different strength grades

The fiber reinforced polymer bar has the inherent advantages of light weight, high strength and corrosion resistance, which is considered as a preferable alternative for the conventional bar in harsh environment. In this paper, to solve the problems of the conventional FRP bars and the redundancy of yield strength for hybrid fiber reinforced polymer bars, a design method for hybrid fiber reinforced polymer bars with both tensile ductility and different strength grades was developed. Meanwhile, the target strength grade table based on the various types of carbon fiber was also proposed in the Appendix, and the designers could directly choose the appropriate materials, design parameters and target strength grades of hybrid fiber reinforced polymer bars from Appendixes A and B according to the demands for strength grades in hybrid fiber composite bars reinforced structural concrete. In addition, to verify the validity of this design method, a batch of hybrid fiber reinforced polymer bars selected from target strength grade table were self-produced in the laboratory. A total of 40 specimens with different strength grades were prepared and tested to study their tensile properties. The results indicated that both the target strength grade and tensile ductility of hybrid fiber reinforced polymer bars were well achieved on the basis of this design method, and the predicted values were in agreement with the experimental results.

Analysis of the bond stress when using GFRP bars

For most of the structural solutions, the construction industry in Brazil is based on the use of conventional reinforced concrete elements composed of concrete and steel bars. However, problems related to this traditional structural system, such as the corrosion of metallic bars exposed to aggressiveness environments, motivate the study of new materials to be used as a replacement of conventional bars. In this context, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) bars can be viable due to their good mechanical properties and resistance to aggressive environmental agents. Thus, the main objective of this paper was the evaluation of the bond stress of GFRP bars using pullout tests. Thus, twenty specimens were analyzed with two concrete compressive strengths of 30 MPa and 60 MPa and two different GFRP bar diameters of 9.5 and 16.0 mm. According to the test results, it was verified a high variability of the adhesion between the GFRP bar and the concrete. Concerning the statistical analysis of pullout tests performed and considering the methodology proposed to analyze the quality control, the variation coefficient varied from 13.71% to 20.17%, classifying the pullout tests performed as medium or poor. These results demonstrate that the response of the GFRP bars obtained in the pullout tests was not reliable, demonstrating the need for new research to obtain adhesion coefficients and anchoring lengths for use in structural designs with such materials.

Stress Analysis of Implant-Supported Removable Partial Denture with Anterior Fixed Prostheses and Conventional Implant-Supported Overdentures in the Edentulous Mandible

Aim: To compare new design implant-supported removable partial dentures retained with anterior fixed prosthesis with a conventional locater and bar attached implant overdenture prostheses retained by two or four implants via photoelastic stress analysis. Materials and Methods: Seven edentulous mandibuler acryclic models prepared and divided into two main groups; two to four implant models, subgroup separation as stated; for two implant models overdenture with locator attachment, crown design retained removable prosthesis with clasp retention, bridge design retained removable prosthesis with clasp retention, bridge design retained removable prosthesis with precision attachment retention; and for four implant models prosthesis with bar attachment overdenture, fixed bridge design retained removable prosthesis with clasp retention, fixed retained removable prosthesis with precision attachment retention. A 300 N load was applied to the first premolars. Photoelastic stress analysis method that is a specific method concerning stress visualization, and does not require statistical analysis, was used. The stress distributions were seen in optically using a poloriscope. Results: In the models with two implant-retained removable partial dentures, the stress distribution was found to be lower than that with the four implant-retained removable partial dentures. Nonsplinted implants caused high stress around the distal implant on the loading side. Conclusion: The stress loads were transmitted to other implants by splinting. Implant-supported removable partial dentures with an anterior fixed prosthetic design show lower stress distributions compared with bar retained prosthesis. These dentures appear to be advantageous in terms of stress transmission.

Advanced design of large cavern intersections in soft ground without conventional bar reinforcement

AbstractThe design of three mined stations in Toronto as part of the Eglinton Crosstown Light Rail Project involved several intersections of large tunnels situated in the heterogenous, water‐bearing glacial till deposits. The most challenging openings, 220 m2 each, were formed in the two sides of the 18 m high cross‐cut tunnels to allow the excavation of the 18 m wide platform caverns. A key objective for the design was the optimization of the tunnel shapes and the advanced simulation of the fibre reinforced shotcrete properties, to allow these openings in the initial tunnel linings to be achieved without conventional bar reinforcement or thickenings, thus simplifying and accelerating the construction, whilst reducing health and safety risks.Advanced numerical analyses were utilized to simulate the staged excavation and support steps introducing advanced material models that accounted for the non‐linear behaviour of both soil and structural elements. The end product was an optimized design of the tunnel linings with synthetic fibre reinforced shotcrete without conventional reinforcement that was successfully implemented in the construction.

Behaviour of steel fibers reinforced exterior beam-column joint using headed bars under reverse cyclic loading

Fiber-reinforced cementitious composites have been increasingly used during recent years on beam-column joints and the introduction of headed bars is a practical solution to eliminate the congestion problem caused by hooked bars in beam-column joints. The present study emphasizes the evaluation of the performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) external beam-column joints (BCJ) using headed bars as an anchorage mechanism and the comparison has been made with the conventional bars which have been detailed in accordance with ACI 318-19 and ACI 352R-02. The repository of previous BCJ work has been further expanded by researching the effect of structural parameters i.e. compressive strength (C20 and C40) and steel fibers (1 and 1.5%) on the hysteresis curve, ductility, stiffness, energy dissipation, and cracking on all specimens. The experimental results have revealed that the headed bars can be significantly replaced by the conventional bars for the areas vulnerable to earthquakes due to their higher load carrying capacity with better ductility and stiffness response and reducing congestion in BCJ.