Conventional Appliances Research Articles

On tooth movement.

Current concepts of clinical orthodontic tooth movement are misleading. Traditionally, these have been described as dependent on force levels and being tipping/bodily in nature. The following is a reevaluation of the relationships between tooth movement and orthodontic mechanotherapy not usually considered when analyzing tooth movement clinically. It is our contention that confusion as to the biological response(s) to mechanical force is derived from in vivo orthodontic trials where conditions are undefined. This correlates with variable biological responses within the periodontium. Constantly changing moment to force ratios inherent to the dynamic load deflection rates of any system used to move a tooth cause changing tendencies for crown/root tipping. This implies that the accepted notion of static translatory tooth movement, although a useful didactic concept, is currently unattainable. In actuality, it has never been documented empirically using any conventional orthodontic appliance.

The Effect of Functional Appliances on the Skeletal Pattern

The findings of some 26 papers covering the results of Andresen and Fränkel appliances, as analysed from cephalometric radiographs, are reviewed. These findings show a high degree of consistency. They have been combined to produce larger samples, and compared with a control group produced from reports of untreated Class II division 1 individuals, with consequent gains in statistical significance. Generally, there is no appreciable holding back of maxillary advancement in either group (although a slight relative reduction in the angle SNA). There is a slight mean increase in mandibular growth, mainly in a vertical direction. This seems similar to that reported by several authors in conventional appliances. There is a wide variation in response.

Conservative management of paraileostomy ulcers in patients with Crohn's disease.

Paraileostomy ulcers (PSU) are uncommon after construction of an ileostomy and are difficult to manage. Seventeen patients with Crohn's disease developed 28 parastomal ulcers at least 1.5 cm in diameter from two weeks to seven years after ileostomy construction (mean 45.6 weeks, median 8 weeks). Some patients had multiple episodes of parastomal ulceration. The etiology and clinical features of PSU are discussed. Conservative management included debridement, curettage, unroofing of the ulcer complex, pouching of the stoma with Telfa strips placed in the ulcer base and a conventional appliance or a Perry Model #51 device. Most of the ulcers healed between two and 32 weeks (mean 12.7 weeks, median 8 weeks). In the six patients in whom the ulcers did not heal, Crohn's disease or another ileostomy complication necessitated ileostomy relocation. This conservative management allowed most patients to be treated on an outpatient basis, carrying out their daily tasks and delaying or obviating the need for ileostomy relocations. When required, relocations were done electively.

Generation System Impacts of Storage Heating and Storage Water Heating

Thermal energy stroge systems offer the electric utility a means to change customer energy use patterns. At present, however, the costs and benefits to both the customers and utility are uncertain. As part of a nationwide demonstration program Public Service Electric and Gas Company (PSE&G) installed storage space heating and water heating appliances in residential homes. Both the test homes and similar homes using conventional space and water heating appliances were monitored, allowing for detailed comparisons between the two systems. The purpose of the paper is to detail the methodology used and the results of studies completed on the generation system impacts of storage space and water heating systems. The paper is organized into three main sections. The first gives background data on PSE&G's load management philosophy, assessment methodology, and experience in a nationwide thermal storage demonstration project. The second section details results of the demonstration project and studies that have been performed on the impacts of thermal storage equipment. The last section reports on the conclusions arrived at concerning the impacts of thermal storage on generation.

Electric System Impacts of Storage Heating and Storage Water Heating - Part I of Two Parts (Background Information and Demonstration Description)

Customer energy storage offers a utility company a means to change electric energy use patterns, however, the costs and benefits to the utility and consumer are uncertain. As part of a national demonstration Public Service Electric and Gas Company (PSE&G) installed storage heating and storage water heating appliances in residential homes. These homes were monitored and compared to a group of similar homes using conventional appliances. The purpose of this two-part paper is to explore the possible design impacts on primary and secondary electrical distribution systems for two types of central ceramic residential storage heating systems. To explain the costs and benefits of storage heating and storage water heating, background information and a description of the demonstration are discussed in this part of the paper.

The Robinson ileostomy appliance: A report of its use in eighty-five patients

A report is presented of our experience with more than eighty-five patients who used the Robinson ileostomy appliances over a period of three years.Our recommendations for the placement of the stoma higher on the abdominal wall when using Robinson appliances are discussed.The construction of the external stoma to fit the Robinson appliance is described and illustrated.It is our opinion that the total attributes of the Robinson ileostomy appliance make it far superior to all other standard conventional appliances in this field which are commercially available: 1.1. The permanent, solid plastic ring does not become soiled, does not retain the usual repugnant odors.2.2. The compact, flat construction can be easily concealed in ordinary clothing.3.3. A skin adhesive is not required with this appliance. Thus, the appliance can be changed and cleansed quickly and simply, proper stomal hygiene is easily performed and minimal time is spent in daily care.4.4. Initial cost is notably less than for most other appliances on the market.5.5. Maintenance expenses are considerably less than for other commercial appliances.6.6. When conscientiously prescribed and carefully fitted, the Robinson appliances make it possible for ileostomy patients to enjoy physical comfort, enhancing their feeling of security. Moreover, it is possible for otherwise handicapped people to participate normally in such activities as swimming, skiing, tennis, golf, and numerous other active and competitive sports without fear of being embarrassed or of offending others.