Controversial Information Research Articles

Differentiated disorders of the immune system in acute hematogenic and acute posttraumatic osteomyelitis in children

Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by the spread of S. aureus from a local focus by the hematogenous route or from an open traumatic fracture; it is difficult to treat and remains a serious problem. The condition for spreading of the infectious process into bone is the effect of S. aureus and its impaired elimination due to immune system (IS) dysfunction. Controversial information on the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of acute osteomyelitis needs study, which would allow the development of sound immunotherapy. Purpose of the study: to specify the variants of antibacterial immune protection disorders in children with acute hematogenous and acute posttraumatic osteomyelitis. Materials and methods. Children 8-15 years old (n = 22) were studied: Study Group 1 (SG1, n = 12) – with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO); Study Group 2 (SG2, n = 10) – with acute post-traumatic osteomyelitis (APTO). The comparison group (CG) – 13 healthy children. Tested: Tlymphocytes (CD3+CD19- , CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+), B lymphocytes (CD3- CD19+), NK (CD3- CD16+CD56+) and TNK (CD3+CD16+CD56+) lymphocytes, neutrophil granulocytes (NG, CD16, CD32, CD64) (FC-500 Beckman Coulter, USA); the level of serum IgA, IgM, IgG (ELISA). Phagocytic function of NGs in relation to S. aureus was assessed: the number of actively phagocytizing NGs (%PhAN), capture processes (PhN, PhI) and killing activity (%D, DI). Results. In both groups was revealed a decrease of T lymphocytes, T helpers, TCTL and NK quantity (p1-4 < 0.05). In AHO, the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG did not differ from that in GS, while in APTO the levels of IgA and IgG increased (p1, 2 < 0.05). The density of CD64, CD16, CD32 receptor expression on NG in the studied groups has been a different equipping, predetermining an incompetence of the phagocytic function: in AHO associated with abnormalities in the function capture and killing, in APTO only with the S. aureus digestion. Conclusion. The revealed combined defects of IS functioning necessitate the development of new approaches in the treatment of AHO and APTO in children, pathogenetically substantiating the use of immunotherapy in the complex etiopathogenetic treatment. This approach will contribute to the restoration of mechanisms of anti-infective immunity, timely elimination of pathogens, improve the clinical course of the diseases, prevent the chronic inflammatory process.

Exploring the impact of awareness on public acceptance of emerging energy technologies: An analysis of the oil palm industry

The adoption of renewable energy technology and the resolution of sustainability challenges hinge on public acceptance. This study explored the public's acceptance of power generation utilizing recycled oil palm waste, a nascent and innovative technology, to discern the impact of increased public awareness on the approval of potentially contentious scientific technology. Through a combined conjoint survey and information treatment experiment, participants from three Northeast Asian countries, Japan (n = 1513), China (n = 1565), and South Korea (n = 1514) were randomly exposed to various sets of potentially controversial information. Results indicated that the public's acceptance of this technology was comparable to solar power in Japan and South Korea and surpassing other energy sources in China at a general knowledge level. The findings reveal that acceptance was higher at a general knowledge level as opposed to when participants were more informed, though well-informed participants did not necessarily reject the emerging controversial technology. Raising public awareness about palm oil generally reduced acceptance of the utilization of recycled oil palm waste. Public support increased with multiple pieces of information rather than single pieces of information. Unexpectedly, the information provisions increased public support of other non-fossil fuel sources such as nuclear and solar power. These results suggest that the nature and volume of information significantly impact public support, and that the public engages in careful deliberation before making decisions.

Equal opportunities for learning and remembering attitudinally opposing information on the internet

Many social issues are spread and developed through the internet. How do individuals process diverse and controversial information when involved in online discussions? To answer this question, we conducted a large-scale, web-based study in which 5,180 Taiwanese individuals were first exposed to public arguments about four widely discussed social issues and were later tested on whether they could recognize these incidentally learned arguments. During argument exposure, the participants gave more consideration to congenial than uncongenial information under an informational context but became more balanced under a discussional context. During argument recognition, the observed confirmation bias did not translate to better memory of congenial information. In fact, we found an overall negative but negligible congeniality effect. Taken together, our findings suggest that attitudinally opposing pieces of information actually have cognitively equal opportunities to be learned and remembered.

Assessing engagement decisions in NFT Metaverse based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have reached enormous levels of interest all over the world; The attraction was huge besides buying or creating an NFT. However, the actual use requires consideration of many aspects and sources to make decisions and engage in the NFT market. Moving forward and selecting what to create or where to buy, it is necessary to assess the NFT and whether it is worth investing in or not. On the other hand, Metaverse has become a trending topic and market interest has increased dramatically. However, NFT is crucial to enable the Metaverse; NFT approved its essential to the success of Metaverse adoption. In conclusion, this choice is complicated, especially when it involves extensive knowledge and information from different sources and perspectives (Engineering and Social Science). Some aspects are related to the customer experience and trust, and others are more likely to be asset-related. As we look at the blockchain market, we distinguish a variety of platforms and applications that can be used conveniently, presenting numerous options and possibilities. That brings to mind some ideas and asks some questions to assist the engagement in the NFT metaverse; When is the best moment to engage in the NFT metaverse? Is trading or engaging in the NFT metaverse trustworthy? Is it legal to use and trade NFTs, is there any need for governments to get involved? What NFT piece should create or what price to buy? What is the best and most secure platform to use? Assessing the NFTs requires deep research into different sources of controversial information and data. However, no such reference or study covers these considerations in detail; the lack of trusted resources and knowledge impacts the user experience and engagement. This paper contributes to social science studies by performing a multi-factor (comprehensive) analysis that includes the NFT Metaverse engagement decision and user behavior. We are using an extended model of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), proposing a model which includes external factors to help identify the variables that influence the engagement with NFTs in the metaverse. This comprehensive study has a multi-perspective approach; customer perspective, social perspective, technology perspective, legal perspective, and market perspective. We present extensive knowledge and information to be a helpful piece of awareness for everyone who intends to buy, invest, or create an NFT. This study uses a quantitative analysis method and provides meaningful results explaining this dilemma and the reasons behind the massive adoption of NFT and its fluctuation worldwide. This work helps the decision-makers, creators, and investors consider new development perspectives in the NFT metaverse. The methodology used primary survey data and analyzed with Smart-PLS 4 to determine variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) using the partial least squares path modeling (PLS) method.

Thinking dispositions moderate adolescent readers’ mental models of conflicting sport information

Readers’ prior beliefs can slant their mental models of conflicting information in favor of perspectives and standpoints that support them. Previous research suggests that reader's (meta-)cognitive resources might protect them from belief biases in the mental representation of controversial textual information. Since critical thinking dispositions involve the willingness to analyze evidence independently of beliefs and are associated with the propensity to seek new evidence, they are likely to protect readers from the biasing effects of beliefs. This study, therefore, investigated how critical thinking dispositions remediate belief biases in adolescents’ mental models of controversial information. Eighty-five adolescent readers read two documents that presented arguments for and against their favourite football teams. The strength of their situationmodel and text-base representations were measured by a recognition task. The results revealed that adolescents’ mental models of the controversial sport information were slanted towards the text that communicated belief-congruent information. The results further revealed that critical thinking dispositions moderated the effects of prior beliefs on the mental models that adolescent readers constructed of the conflicting information. The findings provide support for the 2-step model of validation, according to which critical thinking dispositions can prevent belief biases by fostering elaborative processing of belief-inconsistent information.

On acceptance conditions in abstract argumentation frameworks

Dealing with controversial information is an important issue in several application contexts. Formal argumentation enables reasoning on arguments for and against a claim to decide on an outcome. In abstract argumentation frameworks, each argument can be associated with an acceptance condition that may be either implicit (e.g., Dung’s framework where they are encoded in the attack relation) or explicit (e.g., Dialectical Framework where propositional formulae are associated with arguments/statements). Explicit acceptance conditions allow for expressing reasoning tasks in a more natural and compact way. However, in some cases, current argumentation frameworks allowing explicit conditions do not permit to express in a compact and intuitive way some general acceptance conditions, such as those that could be expressed by first-order logic formulae.In this paper, we propose an argumentation framework where arguments’ acceptance conditions allow for checking general properties also concerning sets of arguments/statements by exploiting aggregate functions (e.g., is the number of nearby agents greater than 5?). Notably, though providing such versatile and easily understandable acceptance conditions, the complexity of credulous and skeptical reasoning does not increase w.r.t. that for Dung’s framework under the well-known non-deterministic semantics, i.e., preferred, stable, and least-undefined (a.k.a. semi-stable) semantics.

Is There a Link between Obesity Indices and Skin Autofluorescence? A Response from the ILERVAS Project.

There is controversial information about the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in obesity. We assessed the impact of total and abdominal adiposity on AGE levels via a cross-sectional investigation with 4254 middle-aged subjects from the ILERVAS project. Skin autofluorescence (SAF), a non-invasive assessment of subcutaneous AGEs, was measured. Total adiposity indices (BMI and Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE)) and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference and body roundness index (BRI)) were assessed. Lean mass was estimated using the Hume index. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was evaluated for each index. Different cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, prediabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia) were evaluated. In the study population, 26.2% showed elevated SAF values. No differences in total body fat, visceral adiposity and lean body mass were detected between patients with normal and high SAF values. SAF levels showed a very slight but positive correlation with total body fat percentage (estimated by the CUN-BAE formula) and abdominal adiposity (estimated by the BRI). However, none of them had sufficient power to identify patients with high SAF levels (area under the ROC curve <0.52 in all cases). Finally, a progressive increase in SAF levels was observed in parallel with cardiovascular risk factors in the entire population and when patients with normal weight, overweight and obesity were evaluated separately. In conclusion, total obesity and visceral adiposity are not associated with a greater deposit of AGE. The elevation of AGE in obesity is related to the presence of cardiometabolic risk.

A Crisis to Think with: Mining the Biopolitics of COVID-19 in American Public Discourse

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic put to test medical, political and social systems around the globe. It also probed into our ability to work out coherent explanations of unprecedented situations and to devise effective solutions when operating with grossly insufficient, frequently changing, and often controversial information. Using a Foucauldian lens, this study examines the American public discourse on COVID-19 to reveal the mechanisms through which the crisis was made sense of and managed. It shows that unity in spirit and action in measures against the pandemic did not emerge nor was the virus uniformly affecting the population thus suggesting that “population” as an object of governing is a discursive construction thriving on its partitioning and fracturing the moment it is put together. It concludes that overall, despite the clout of unprecedentedness, COVID-19 produced neither new relations of power nor new subjectivities but further aligned government actions with the interests of the state.

Influence of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Arbequina’s Crop Yield and EVOOs Quality and Sensory Profile

Regulated deficit irrigation in super-high-density (SHD) olive orchards is a well-known strategy to save water and control plant vigor, without decreasing fruit or oil yield. As there is controversial information about its influence on virgin olive oil quality, a trial was conducted in five SHD olive orchards of Arbequina cultivar in different locations of central, east, north and northeast Spain under full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatments. RDI applied during phase II of fruit growing (40% of total needs) saves more than 20% of water on average, without reductions in olive fruit or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) yield. No threshold of 3.5 MPa of stem water potential was crossed in any case. RDI modified sterols and the fatty acid profile of EVOOs but not phenols, quality parameters, or the sensory profile. Latitude, altitude, and yearly rainfall have a big impact on some compounds such as campesterol, oleuropein, or margaroleic or linolenic acids.

Influencing the influencers: Regulating the morality of online conduct in Indonesia

AbstractIndonesia boasts a lively influencer scene. These influencers promote various products and messages, including political messages, to their followers for commercial gain, and have been particularly active during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Influencers in Indonesia are potentially subject to state regulation, particularly via the controversial Electronic Transactions and Information Law (ITE Law) which criminalizes digital communications that “breach morality,” defame the good name of another, or spread misleading information resulting in consumer losses. In addition, influencers face a risk of community‐led regulation, via an online backlash, should they transgress perceived moral boundaries. In this article, we present and analyze a series of case studies where influencer behavior has attracted regulatory responses. These cases illustrate the interactions among regulatory actors and also where and how the lines for acceptable influencer moral standards of behavior are being drawn.

Psycho-emotional stress, folliculogenesis, and reproductive technologies: clinical and experimental data.

Modern life, especially in large cities, exposes people to a high level of noise, high density of population, disrupted sleeping, large amount of excessive and controversial information as well as to other negative factors; all this may cause chronic psycho-emotional stress. The latest publications often use the term “Syndrome of megalopolis”, which means disruption of sleeping, high anxiety, and altered reproductive function. Medical treatment of infertility may also be considered as a stress factor, especially when infertility lasts for years and is aggravated with emotional frustration. Long-lasting distress may worsen health in general and suppress reproductive function, in particular. The review presents the data on the effects of maternal stress on folliculogenesis, especially when assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are used. Clinical data are presented alongside data from laboratory animal experiments. Different maternal stress models are taken into account in respect of their inf luence on oocyte maturation and embryo development. The interfering of psycho-emotional stress and reproductive function is the focus of the review. In these situations, exogenous hormones compensate for the stress-related disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. When ARTs are implemented, stress-induced disruption of oogenesis is realized not via a decrease in hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, but by other ways, which involve paracrine mechanisms described in this review. Based on the literature analysis, one may conclude that stress negatively affects oocyte maturation in the ovary and suppresses subsequent embryo development. The role of some ovarian paracrine factors, such as BDNF, GDF-9, HB-EGF, TNF-α, and some others has been elucidated

Effect of bacteriophage-encoded chaperonins on amyloid transformation of α-synuclein

Controversial information about the role of chaperonins in the amyloid transformation of proteins and, in particular, α-synuclein, requires a more detailed study of the observed effects due to the structure and functional state of various chaperonins. In this work, two types of phage chaperonins, the double-ring EL and the single-ring OBP, were shown to stimulate α-synuclein fibrillation in an ATP-dependent manner. Chaperonin morphology does not affect the stimulation of α-synuclein amyloid transformation. However, the ATP-dependent effect of single- and double-ring chaperonins on this process differs, which can lead to different morphology of resulting fibrils. Fibril formation seems to proceed without substrate encapsulation in the internal cavity of chaperonin, because of the structural features of phage chaperonins and their ability to function without co-chaperonins. In the absence of ATP, both chaperonins, on the contrary, completely prevent α-synuclein amyloid transformation, which provides the possibility of their use as anti-amyloid agents, in the form of incomplete molecules or mutants with suppressed ATPase activity.

Situation-model representations of conflicting textual information in L2 readers: the effects of prior beliefs and L2 proficiency

In a knowledge society characterized by an abundance of information sources that present conflicting perspectives on socio-scientific controversies, it is extremely important for readers to construct effective mental models of such controversies. Nevertheless, readers’ mental representations of controversial information are assumed to be biased towards their pre-existing beliefs (text-belief consistency effect). This study extends earlier research on the effect to L2 reading contexts and examines whether L2 readers’ prior beliefs affect their situation-model representations of documents that present opposing standpoints on an established controversy in language education: inductive vs. deductive approaches. Additionally, we examined whether the readers’ strength of situation-model representations is affected by their proficiency level and whether proficiency moderates the effect. Fifty-eight readers read texts that presented conflicting perspectives on the controversy. A recognition task was used to assess the strength of their situation-model representations. The results revealed that readers’ mental representations of the documents were biased towards the perspectives that aligned with their pre-existing beliefs on the controversy. The results further revealed a strong significant effect for L2 proficiency on the strength of the situation-model representations of the texts. However, proficiency failed to moderate the text-belief consistency effect that readers displayed when reading the controversial textual information.

Kombucha: A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental evidence of its effects on blood glucose, dyslipidemia and body weight in diabetes mellitus

Kombucha is a non-alcoholic fermented tea-based beverage produced by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast. This growing popularity in the United States and developed countries has been part of the functional food’s movement in the use of plant infusions as a promising alternative to the benefits of the microbiome in the treatment of obesity and diabetes. However, recent studies show controversial information about the effects of Kombucha on health, often driven by different theories leading to the empirical use of the drink without standardization of quantity and forms, and preparation, which can cause harm to human health. Given that, we carried out this systematic review to evaluate the effect of Kombucha on health through pre-clinical studies with scientific evidence available in the literature, to enable future studies in humans.

Conflicting social influences regarding controversial information systems: the case of online dating

PurposeControversial information systems (IS) represent a unique context in which certain members of a user's social circle may endorse the use of a system while others object to it. The purpose of this paper is to explore the simultaneous and often conflicting roles of such positive and negative social influences through social learning and ambivalence theories in shaping user adoption intention of a representative case of controversial IS, namely online dating services (ODS).Design/methodology/approachThe model was tested with two empirical studies using structural equation modeling techniques. The data of these studies were collected from 451 (Study 1) and 510 (Study 2) single individuals (i.e. not in a relationship).Findings(1) Positive social influence has a stronger impact on perceived benefits and adoption intention, while negative social influence exerts a greater impact on perceived risks; (2) positive and negative social influences affect adoption intention toward ODS differently, through benefit and risk assessments; and (3) ambivalence significantly negatively moderates the effects of social influences on adoption.Originality/valueThis study enriches and extends the IS use, ambivalence theory, prospect theory, and social learning theory research streams. Furthermore, this study suggests that it is necessary to focus on not only the oft-considered positive but also negative social influences in IS research.

Phenotypic features of the immune microenvironment in ovarian epithelial neoplasms and its role in tumour progression

The tumour is characterised by the presence of various amounts of lymphocytic infiltration, which is seen in different areas of cancer and has not only prognostic value the predictive value as well. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ovarian cancer can be associated either with good prognoses or bad prognoses in some cases. The constituent which makes the tumour immune microenvironment is still under vigorous research while they may have the potential to be well modified predictive and prognostic values in ovarian cancer. The data provided by already conducted research are controversial which suggests the need for further deeper studies. Besides this fact, there is no clear determination which histological subtype of ovarian cancer is under research or in many cases all of the morphological types are united. All of these facts mentioned can clarify why the results of many pieces of research provide controversial information. It is crucial that the immune microenvironment of various morphological subtypes of ovarian carcinomas be studied separately and individually.

Risk Factors and Characterization of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Jordan

Background There is controversial information about the sequelae of COVID-19 after recovery, or post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). Despite the considerable number of studies on COVID-19, proportionally, there is a scarcity of literature addressing PCS, particularly the risk factors causing this syndrome. Determining the prevalence, most common manifestations of PCS, and the possible related risk factors is an important issue. Objective To fill these gaps, the aim of this study was to detect the prevalence and risk factors for the development of PCS, and to identify the symptoms and their relation to the sociodemographic and medical characteristics of patients who survived COVID-19 after more than 3 months from onset of illness throughout Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional, online questionnaire–based study was conducted. This questionnaire was posted to the association of “My experience with COVID-19” in Jordan. Sociodemographic and COVID-19 illness information was collected from 657 patients who had recovered from COVID-19 at least 3 months after the illness started. Results The PCS prevalence was 71.9%, including patients who experienced at least one PCS symptom. The most common symptoms included dyspnea, fatigue, taste and smell impairment, cough, and depression. Six factors were found to significantly increase the risk of PCS: being female (odds ratio [OR] 2.06, 95% CI 1.409-2.856), aged ≥30 years (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.16-2.33), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.978, 95% CI 1.08-8.21), hypertension (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.118-4.423), respiratory disease (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.21-4.501), and neuropsychological disturbance during illness (OR 3.79, 95% CI 2.574-5.573). These patients also showed a significantly higher rate of PCS than their counter groups. Therefore, females, aged ≥30 years, comorbidity, and neuropsychological disturbance during illness are considered to be risk factors for PCS. Conclusions The PCS prevalence is high in Jordan, particularly among certain populations such as females; aged ≥30 years; those with a neuropsychological disturbance during illness; and having a comorbidity such as diabetes, hypertension, and respiratory diseases, which were associated with a significantly higher risk for the development of PCS manifestations. In other words, these populations should be considered as a risk group for PCS occurrence. Therefore, COVID-19 infection treatment should not only be administered during the acute episode but should continue for several months after recovery of the patient. In addition, the PCS period will require further scientific study and investigation along with early interventions, including rehabilitation. Therefore, we now have to start the steps in preparing for this unavoidable problem to improve the health care system and enhance the management of patients during the PCS period. Psychological and medical support is highly recommended during and after a COVID-19 episode, particularly for the high-risk groups.

A Labelling Semantics and Strong Admissibility for Weighted Argumentation Frameworks

Abstract Argumentation Theory provides tools for both modelling and reasoning with controversial information and is a methodology that is often used as a way to give explanations to results provided using machine learning techniques. In this context, labelling-based semantics for Abstract Argumentation Frameworks (AFs) allow for establishing the acceptability of sets of arguments, dividing them into three partitions: in, out and undecidable (instead of classical Dung acceptable and not acceptable sets). This kind of semantics have been studied only for classical AFs, while the more powerful weighted and preference-based frameworks have not been studied yet. In this paper, we define a novel labelling semantics for Weighted Argumentation Frameworks (WAFs), extending and generalizing the crisp one, and we provide some insights towards a definition of strong admissibility for WAFs.

Ռուս-ուկրաինական թնջուկ. ինչպե՞ս է դիրքավորվում աշխարհը/Complex Problem of Russian-Ukrainian Relations։ What Position do the Countries of the World Take?

Any political, military or economic event taking place in the post-COVID world can radically change our understanding, both in terms of identifying the origins of this or that event, and in terms of assessing its motives and predicting the final result. The challenge of the Covid pandemic revealed common gaps in anti-crisis management in force majeure situations, and as a result of a chaotic information collapse, the phenomenon of an aggressive reaction of some people to the performance of seemingly primitive domestic and disciplinary duties was revealed. In other words, two “armies” of believers and non-believers formed around the same phenomenon. The main reason for this disagreement was the controversial information "terrorism", which developed a certain negative attitude towards all the planned mandatory measures that were carried out in order to ensure a safe, quality life and human health. And now, not yet fully freed from the nightmare of covid fears, the world in the form of the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict is plunging into a new long nightmare. In this case, unlike the previous one, there is no common joint decision regarding this event, even in those associations or organizations whose unanimous opinion was effectively used as the main trump card in such "force majeure" or crisis situations. Any military conflict is a catastrophe with a huge amount of human and material losses. Regardless of their scale, they all have in common a high probability of repetition, as the role of winner and loser becomes very relative over a long historical time. Proof of this are the two world wars of the 20th century, when the winners changed, and active “hot” wars were followed by “cold” phases, the logical outcome of which was to return to the “hot” phase at the right time, with almost the same players. However, in this periodic chain, due to the logic of the “cold” phase, positions and roles could change and it is possible that those who previously contributed on one front would find themselves in opposite “trenches”. Armenia, which currently has an unresolved Artsakh issue, unfriendly relations with at least two of its four neighboring countries, and unresolved border issues, has also found itself in a similar trap. Realizing the impossibility of a final solution to the conflict by military means, as well as understanding the consequences of our position concerning the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict, we need to quickly conduct the most accurate analysis of the external and internal situation by developing possible outcome scenarios. Without this, it is impossible to get out of the complex process of changing the world order, having received only “light scratches”. In order to draw up a "road map" and a schedule of our further actions, first of all, it is necessary to have a clear idea of how the countries and regions of the world are located in relation to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and what the motives and arguments for this position are. It should also be taken into account that the situations that arise in the future will not only be vital for Armenia in their essence, but will also contain a pronounced existential component.

Mitochondrial Transport in Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis: Achievements and Perspectives.

Some metabolic pathways involve two different cell components, for instance, cytosol and mitochondria, with metabolites traffic occurring from cytosol to mitochondria and vice versa, as seen in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. However, the knowledge on the role of mitochondrial transport within these two glucose metabolic pathways remains poorly understood, due to controversial information available in published literature. In what follows, we discuss achievements, knowledge gaps, and perspectives on the role of mitochondrial transport in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. We firstly describe the experimental approaches for quick and easy investigation of mitochondrial transport, with respect to cell metabolic diversity. In addition, we depict the mitochondrial shuttles by which NADH formed in glycolysis is oxidized, the mitochondrial transport of phosphoenolpyruvate in the light of the occurrence of the mitochondrial pyruvate kinase, and the mitochondrial transport and metabolism of L-lactate due to the L-lactate translocators and to the mitochondrial L-lactate dehydrogenase located in the inner mitochondrial compartment.