Elements Of Control Research Articles

Influence of modern information technologies on the activities of law enforcement agencies: main trends and risks

The article considers the digital transformation of the disclosure, investigation and prevention of criminal offenses, which greatly affects the investigative activities and the investigation process, changes practices in the field of decision-making. It is proved that the emergence and development of information technologies largely determines the performance of traditional functions assigned to law enforcement agencies, and also affects the emergence of new functions. In particular, the future of implementation by law enforcement agencies of the function of investigating criminal offenses will largely be determined by the development of a new sub-branch of forensics – digital forensics. It has been considered the emergence of new concepts of functioning of law enforcement agencies, among which electronic police, virtual police station and others, as elements of electronic control. Creating e-policing in terms of efficiency and effectiveness should be based on ethical principles such as respect for confidentiality, accountability and transparency. It is determined that the virtual police station, as an innovative innovatory technological platform, optimizes the activities of law enforcement agencies, connects the public and law enforcement agencies through an intuitive platform for reporting crimes and access to services and much more. It is proved that the use of digital technologies and information systems increases the efficiency of law enforcement agencies and opens up new opportunities for crime prevention, facilitates counseling and improving operational efficiency, in particular by automating investigative procedures. Modern information and communication technologies offer law enforcement agencies tools to optimize investigative processes, increase the efficiency of ensuring public safety by them, etc. However, along with the advantages, there are risks, among which data security violations, ethical problems, technological dependence, etc. Strategic forecasting associated with determining the prospects for pre-trial investigation and trial, modeling the consequences of procedural decisions which are making using digital technologies, and planning measures for the modern evidence process.

ANALISIS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PIUTANG USAHA TERHADAP RESIKO PIUTANG TAK TERTAGIH PADA PT. SARANA YEOMAN SEMBADA

Receivables are a measure of success for a company, because accounts receivable is the largest part of current assets and a substantial portion of the total assets of the company. For that reason, internal control is needed which aims to make things run according to them should so that in this case they can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the company's operations. This research was conducted at PT. Sarana Yeoman Sembada from March to July 2018. Analysis of the data used in this study was to use descriptive analysis method, which first collected the existing data and then clarified, analyzed, then presented so as to provide an overview clear about the situation under study. Types of data sources used are primary data and secondary data. The results of research conducted by the researchers indicate that internal control set in PT. Sarana Yeoman Sembada is not in accordance with the elements of good internal control.

Voluntary and involuntary motor behaviours in the varieties of religious experience

Abstract Religion is a widespread feature of human life. Religions typically include both distinctive varieties of experience, and also a set of foundational beliefs. An additional, but often overlooked, part of many religions is their expression through specific actions, which we here designate religious motor behaviours. Here we describe these religious motor behaviours, and offer a taxonomy based on the conceptual schemes of movement neuroscience and neurology. Thus, religious rituals include both behaviours characterised by decreased motor output (e.g., ritualistic silence), and behaviours characterised by increased motor output (e.g., ritual dances). Neurology often also distinguishes between movements that are experienced as voluntary or involuntary. We show that this same distinction can also apply to religious experiences, since these may be characterised either by a heightened sense of personal control, or a sense of being controlled by an external, divine source. We then use these conceptual structures of movement neuroscience to investigate examples from a wide range of religious contexts. We thereby categorise religious motor behaviours into different classes, focussing on specific examples: repetitive ritual actions; motor behaviours where the experience of volition is altered, such as automatisms; and possession-like states. We suggest that a scientific approach to these behaviours should include their predominant phenomenological presentation, the accompanying subjective experience of volition, and the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. This investigation shows rich parallels between religious motor behaviours and motor behaviours observed in neurological disorders, including those that present with functional neurological symptoms. Our approach does not and should not pathologise religious motor behaviours, but rather draws attention to a rich set of non-clinical motor phenomena that highlight important social, cultural and psychological elements of human movement control. Movement neuroscience and religious activity have unexplored overlaps and can usefully learn from each other.

Active Inference and Artificial Spin Ice: Control Processes and State Selection.

Theory and simulations are used to demonstrate implementation of a variational Bayes algorithm called "active inference" in interacting arrays of nanomagnetic elements. The algorithm requires stochastic elements, and a simplified model based on a magnetic artificial spin ice geometry is used to illustrate how nanomagnets can generate the required random dynamics. Examples of tracking and PID control are demonstrated and shown to be consistent with the original stochastic differential equation formulation of active inference. Interestingly, nonlinear response in the form of spikes and spike trains not predicted by the original theory can appear in the nanomagnet system for certain temperature regimes. A theoretical approach using a mean-field approximation for spin systems is proposed, which describes the transition to nonlinear response. Finally, the possibility to create simple magnetic arrays using realistic models is shown with micromagnetic simulations of a simple 17 element array of nanomagnets that include magnetic anisotropies, and exchange and dipolar interactions. Possible applications are simulated to illustrate how nanomagnetic arrays can be used as the stochastic element for feedback control of processes, investigation and control of magnetic state evolution, and as a method to optimize pulsed field magnetic switching protocols.

The Land and The Sources of Livelihood for the Sakai Tribe in Bathin Solapan District, Bengkalis Regency

This research aims to describe the existing life of the Sakai Tribe in the context of land use and natural resources. The method used was qualitative by interviewing village government, traditional leaders, women's leaders, and youth leaders. The results of this research found that the source of the problems that are faced by the Sakai Tribe came from unequal control of the land and the natural resources. Besides it is not unbalanced, there is also an element of control that was carried out without legal means. The natural resources and the resources that were previously abundant and used for the livelihood of the Sakai tribe are gradually being controlled by the companies and the residents outside the Sakai traditional community. This condition causes their sociocultural system to experience changes with fading collective values becoming individualistic in the context of the use of natural resources. The conditions experienced by the Sakai Tribe need to be a concern to the stakeholders. They need social policy intervention to fulfill and protect the rights of indigenous peoples as regulated by the constitution.

Research on Tax Risk Management of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises based on Internal Control Perspective

With the continuous development of China's domestic market economy with the reform and opening up, it has formed a diversified pattern, and the main body of the market has been continuously enriched, among which, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises has increased significantly, which has played a major role in China's social progress and economic growth, and has become one of the main components of the national economy. In recent years, the reform and development of the Party and the state has always placed small and medium-sized enterprises in an important position, and the state has successively introduced various tax and fee reduction policies.However, with the rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises, they are limited by the quality of personnel, tax awareness and other problems, tax risks are becoming more and more prominent.With the continuous optimization of China's tax system, the implementation of the fourth phase of the Golden Tax, and the wide application of big data technology, the digitalization and accuracy of tax supervision have been enhanced.Therefore, changes in the external regulatory environment make it particularly important for smes to enhance their awareness of tax risks and to prevent tax risks according to their actual conditions.And how to implement internal control is an effective means to prevent tax risks. By comprehensive use of literature induction, sample investigation and other research methods, this paper studies and analyzes the tax risks of small and medium-sized enterprises, combines the operation and management characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises, and analyzes and summarizes the tax risk characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises according to the framework of five elements of internal control (internal control, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, supervision). It is also used to guide the framework of tax risk control and management optimization of small and medium-sized enterprises, and gives targeted tax risk prevention schemes for enterprises' reference.

Postural Responses in Trauma-Experienced Individuals.

Background: Balance and proprioception are essential elements in postural control and injury prevention. Proprioception, the body's sense of position and movement, is closely tied to balance, which depends on input from the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. This article explores the link between trauma experiences and proprioceptive dysfunction, emphasizing how heightened muscle tone, dissociation, and altered sensory processing contribute to balance issues and the risk of injury. Method: The study included 48 participants, aged 18-25. Participants completed the Emotional Regulation Scale, Dissociative Experiences Scale II, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, after which they had to stand on a BTrackS Balance Plate while being exposed to images that are designed to evoke emotions from the OASIS image set. The balance plate software calculated outcomes of the participants' postural sway (total sway, sway area, root mean square (RMS) to the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) way, and excursion to ML and AP ways). Results: Dissociative experience shows significant correlation with RMS ML when viewing positive pictures (rτ = 0.207, p = 0.045) and when viewing negative pictures again; scores with RMS ML (rτ = 0.204, p = 0.049) but also with RMS AP (rτ = 0.209, p = 0.042) and with Excursion ML (rτ = 0.200, p = 0.049) were significant. Experiences of physical abuse affected certain indicators of postural sway when viewing positive images compared to participants with no such experience (sway area: U = 374.50, p = 0.027; RMS AP: U = 383.50, p = 0.016; Excursion ML: U = 397.00, p = 0.007). Similarly, physical neglect affected postural sway during viewing of negative images (sway area: U = 366.50, p = 0.003; RMS AP: U = 371.00, p = 0.004; Excursion ML: U = 347.00, p = 0.034; and Excursion AP: U = 353.00, p = 0.010). Conclusions: The study highlights that dissociation disrupts balance in trauma survivors, especially under emotional stress which highlights the potential for motor-based treatments.

The use of geometrical nonlinear local resonators to enhance the vibration control performance of metamaterial structures

Abstract Metamaterials has become an exciting solution for structural noise and vibration reduction in many engineering applications. Acoustic metamaterials are structures built using repetitive assemblies of identical elements to explore either Bragg-scattering or localized resonance to control mechanical waves. They present frequency bands in which waves do not freely propagate, named bandgaps, allowing acoustic and vibration attenuation at one or multiple targeted frequency ranges. If properly designed and implemented, the inclusion of a nonlinear stiffness can result in resonance frequency shifts that broaden the attenuation frequency band. This work investigates the influence of an array of lightweight nonlinear local resonators (NLR) realized via additive manufacturing on the low-frequency bandgap formation of a metamaterial beam. The NLR uses the high-static-low-dynamic stiffness (HSLDS) concept, which introduces geometric nonlinearity. The proposed model is validated through simulation and experimental analysis. The NLR results in a broadened and shifted attenuation band to lower frequencies without the necessity of adding extra mass to the resonator. This investigation contributes to understanding improvements provided by nonlinear elements for vibration control in metastructures.

Method for implementing standardized work as an additional element of location-based planning and control

Resumo Trabalho Padronizado (TP) é uma abordagem originária da indústria da manufatura que visa a padronizar e melhorar a eficiência dos ciclos de operações com base na Filosofia da Produção Enxuta. O TP tem o potencial de apoiar a implementação do Planejamento e Controle Baseado em Localização (LBPC), pois permite equilibrar a carga de trabalho entre os trabalhadores ou equipes, contribuindo para a sincronização de processos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método para implementação do TP como um elemento adicional do LBPC. Design Science Research foi a abordagem metodológica utilizada, sendo conduzido um estudo empírico em uma empresa atuante no mercado imobiliário, na qual o método para implementação do TP foi concebido e implementado. Os seguintes benefícios foram identificados no estudo: aumento do grau de padronização das operações, melhoria na sincronização entre processos, aumento do engajamento da mão-de-obra com padrões de processo, e melhoria em termos de confiabilidade em relação a prazos. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa para o avanço do conhecimento foi a adaptação da abordagem do TP ao contexto da construção civil como um elemento adicional do LBPC.

Metasurface polarization optics: From classical to quantum

Metasurface polarization optics, manipulating polarization using metasurfaces composed of subwavelength anisotropic nanostructure array, has enabled a lot of innovative integrated strategies for versatile and on-demand polarization generation, modulation, and detection. Compared with conventional bulky optical elements for polarization control, metasurface polarization optics provides a feasible platform in a subwavelength scale to build ultra-compact and multifunctional polarization devices, greatly shrinking the size of the whole polarized optical system and network. Here, we review the recent progresses of metasurface polarization optics in both classical and quantum regimes, including uniform and spatially varying polarization-manipulating devices. Basic polarization optical elements such as meta-waveplate, meta-polarizer, and resonant meta-devices with polarization singularities provide compact means to generate and modulate uniform polarization beams. Spatial-varying polarization manipulation by employing the pixelation feature of metasurfaces, leading to advanced diffraction and imaging functionalities, such as vectorial holography, classic and quantum polarization imaging, quantum polarization entanglement, quantum interference, and modulation. Substituting conventional polarization optics, metasurface approaches pave the way for on-chip classic or quantum information processing, flourishing advanced applications in displaying, communication, imaging, and computing.

Students’ Perception of The Use of Duolinggo for Learning English

This study aims to determine the perception of students majoring in English towards the use of the Duolingo for learning English and to find out which aspects of language improve after using the Duolingo for learning English. The population were 10 English Education Department students who had used or were currently using Duolingo. This research used quantitative method. In collecting the data, this research used a questionnaire. The results of this research showed that most students liked and enjoyed using the Duolingo application for learning English. The students were asked questions regarding their perceptions of Duolingo, particularly about the elements of utility, content, context, control, and connectivity or mobility, and almost all agreed that they liked the Duolingo app because various aspects of it aligned with these five elements. Moreover, most students agreed that Duolingo helped them improve some aspects of their English skills, such as improving their pronunciation, writing, listening, speaking, and vocabulary. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the majority of students have a positive perception of using the Duolingo app for learning English.

Comparison of the Quaternary Treatment Technologies in Municipal Wastewater Purification

The removal of micropollutants during wastewater treatment is an essential element of pollution control due to the last amendment of the Directive 91/271/EEC. Reducing and control at the source is usually the most cost-effective measure for a given substance or group of substances, but wastewater treatment plants with load above 150.000 PE (and between 10.000 and 150.000 PE based on the recieving watercourse or environmental risk assessment) have to reduce and remove the micropollutant in the future. The treatment plants have to install technologies which are optimal to eliminate the micropollutant (fourth stage or quaternary treatment technologies). The main quaternary treatment technologies are the different form of activated carbon filtration, membrane technologies (e.g. nanofiltration or reverse osmosis) and Advanced Oxidation Processes, AOP (e.g. ozone treatment). Among the options available for the removal of micropollutants, the most cost-effective solutions are activated carbon processes, ozone treatment, and their combination in different process configurations. At present, the combination of ozone treatment and activated carbon filtration is an effective technology to degrade the micropollutants, also the antibiotic resistant genes, and also remove the harmful by-products from the AOP treatment. For each wastewater treatment plant, it is necessary to individually examine which technology will be the most optimal to accomplish the new requirements.

Sleep Treatment Education Program for Cancer Survivors: Protocol for an Efficacy Trial.

Cancer survivors are at increased risk for chronic insomnia, even years after treatment completion. As insomnia is associated with a variety of long-term health consequences, access to insomnia treatment is critically important for the survivor population. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia but remains largely unavailable to survivors. Treatment barriers include geographic limitations, a shortage of trained providers, and demanding treatment regimens. Designed with these limitations in mind, the Sleep Treatment Education Program (STEP-1) delivers components of CBTI in a low-intensity educational intervention delivered online. This is a phase II pilot randomized controlled trial. The primary aims are to test the efficacy of STEP-1 to improve (1) insomnia symptoms and (2) mood in cancer survivors compared to a control condition. The secondary aims will (1) explore participant factors associated with clinically significant response, (2) evaluate acceptability of the control intervention, (3) explore feasibility of delivering individualized coaching sessions for participants who do not have a significant response to STEP-1, and (4) describe participants' satisfaction with STEP-1 and suggestions for improvement. This 2-arm randomized controlled trial enrolled 70 off-treatment cancer survivors aged 40-89 years with clinically significant insomnia. Participants are randomized to receive either the STEP-1 intervention or control condition (relaxation education); interventions are delivered in one-on-one, synchronous, virtual videoconference sessions by trained interventionists. The STEP-1 intervention presents educational information on the development of insomnia after cancer and offers suggestions for improving insomnia symptoms based on the CBTI elements of sleep hygiene, stimulus control, and cognitive restructuring. With the interventionist, participants review the suggestions and develop a personalized sleep action plan for implementation. The relaxation education session provides information on the potential benefits of relaxation and how to independently access online relaxation exercises. The Insomnia Severity Index is used to measure insomnia symptoms, and the Profile of Mood States Short Form is used to measure mood at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks after intervention. The primary end point is change in the Insomnia Severity Index score at 8 weeks, and the secondary end point is change in mood symptoms (Profile of Mood States Short Form) at 8 weeks. This trial was funded in July 2022. Enrollment and data collection began in February 2023 and concluded in October 2024, with 70 participants enrolled. The analysis will begin in fall 2024, and the results are expected in winter 2025. Trial results will determine if STEP-1 effects go beyond those that could be attributed to placebo and other nonspecific treatment factors. Should results support the efficacy of STEP-1 to improve mood and insomnia symptoms, we anticipate developing efficacy and implementation trials of STEP-1 in larger and more diverse samples. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05519982; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05519982. DERR1-10.2196/60762.

Influence of hydrotherapy on change in weight: a narrative review.

There is a growing interest in weight loss in today's world. Environmental factors are the main contributor behind the rapidly spreading obesity during pandemic. Exercise and diet are two controllable elements that significantly effect on energy balance., The use of cold application such as cold-water immersion, cold abdominal pack, balneotherapy, cold exposure, water drinking, steam, and sauna sessions, has shown a positive impact in weight management. This review explains the mechanism and various types of hydrotherapy applications managing weight through thermogenesis and non-shivering thermogenic pathways, which involve the brown adipose tissue, and dependent on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Hence the present literature provides insight into use of hydrotherapy applications for future direction in weight management.

The possibilities of field geophysical surveys for the diagnosis of horizontal wells with different types of completion

Background. Over the past decades, the design of production directional and horizontal wells has changed significantly. Currently, wells have a more complex trajectory, and their development control requires new approaches. Field geophysical surveys are an integral element of system control at any stage of the development of oil and gas fields. Objective. To systematize the experience of conducting field geophysical surveys in horizontal wells with different types of shanks. Materials and methods. Field geophysical surveys, which are included in both the standard and extended complexes, are designed to evaluate directly working sections of the studied geological objects, determine the inflow profile or intake capacity of production wells and establish the composition of the inflow with the allocation of the main phases. Results. The work shows the experience of conducting field geophysical surveys, and their informative possibilities depending on the type of horizontal completion of the well. The most informative research methods and technologies for studying an object with various layout variations are considered. The analysis of the influence of the complexities of the operation of low-permeability reservoirs and the choice of the optimal set of methods are carried out; recommendations on the optimal completion for horizontal wells are given. Conclusions. The obtained results will ensure the most cost-effective operation and the obtainment of more informative field geophysical survey results, which will allow to timely adjust well operation and conduct geological and technological measures.

Determine the Balance of Nitrogen, Potassium, and Silicon Fertilization for the Control of Rice Tungro Disease Using Response Surface Methodology

This study evaluates the efficacy of combined N, K, and Si treatments to find the balance of these three elements for tungro disease control and rice grain production. The study was conducted in a pot under a glasshouse. These elements were chosen as several findings have indicated the positive benefits of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and silicon (Si) fertilization on plant development, yield, and biotic stress relief. The methods used were central composite design and response surface methodology. Complete and balanced nutrition has always been the first line of defense for plants due to the direct involvement of mineral elements in plant protection. The results showed that rice tungro disease could be controlled with 138:42:62:200 (N:P2O5:K2O:Si). A high rate of nitrogen is needed to reduce disease development. The results on N may explain that not all conditions of rice plants are at risk with high N rates. Adding Si fertilizer contributes to plant defense mechanisms and plays a role in yield formation. In contrast, the balance of fertilizer for maximizing grain yield per plant was found to be not dependent on nitrogen but needed either low K (62 kg K2O/ha) or high K (80 kg K2O/ha) but with moderate Si (150 kg Si/ha). Prioritizing tungro disease control and adopting the rate of N:K2O:Si (138:62:200), it was found that there was a yield reduction of an average of 7.7%.

Construction and performance analysis of DC servo system based on operational amplifier

Abstract. The motivation for researching modelling the severe motor system is its frequent use in applications that demand accurate control of position, speed, or force. Examples include robots and CNC machines, extensively employed and advanced in modern manufacturing processes. The application field of this technology is expanding significantly due to the increasing demand for automation in modern times. In order to achieve seamless integration of the system, using Op-Amp as the central element for signal processing and control is crucial. This research aims to determine the methodology for utilising an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) to construct a model for a direct current (DC) servo motor. Additionally, the research aims to develop a control system and do circuit board simulations.The outcome of this research is to implement theoretical principles into a design model, identify the most appropriate system for this model and develop the corresponding circuit board. This study aims to incorporate a control system to regulate server motors, effectively enhancing the automation process.

Informant discrepancy profiles of helicopter parenting and adult children's partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors.

Helicopter parenting is a distinctive, intrusive parenting approach characterized by high involvement, elements of control, and limited autonomy granted. It may impact adult children's engagement in partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors. However, little research has assessed the patterns of parent-child perception differences regarding helicopter parenting and their connections to these behaviors. This study aimed to identify profiles of informant discrepancies regarding helicopter parenting within Chinese families and explore their associations with adult children's partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors. Matched data from fathers, mothers, and adult children in one hundred and ninety-six intact families were included. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted, identifying four profiles: parents over child (13.78%), child moderately over mother and moderately under father (17.35%), no consistent disagreements (49.49%), and child over parents (19.39%). Children whose perceptions aligned with their parents reported fewer partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors, compared to those whose perceptions exceeded their parents'. Similarly, children whose perceptions were lower than their parents' also reported fewer partner-controlled behaviors compared to those with higher perceptions. The findings provide evidence for understanding dynamic patterns of informant discrepancies regarding helicopter parenting in Chinese families and support the development of family-based interventions to address partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors.

The Discretionary Power of Street‐Level Bureaucrats From the Perspective of Illusio

ABSTRACTInterrogating the tension between care and control in the work of social services staff in Belgian immigration detention centres, this article sheds light on the uses of discretion from the perspective of Bourdieu's concept of illusio. I argue that social services staff's use of discretionary power must be understood at the crossroads of their belief in their professional ethos and the power relations within these centres, which enabled them to frame the element of control as something they had to deal with professionally, rather than something to which they contributed. This sheds light on both the uses of discretion as well as on the articulation of care and control in border humanitarianism.

Upstairs, Downstairs - conserved and divergent CLAVATA signalling in shoot meristem development and root symbioses.

The CLV3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptides control plant development and response to the environment. Key conserved roles include the regulation of shoot apical meristems and the long-distance control of root colonisation by nutrient-acquiring microbes, including the widespread symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nodulation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes. At least some signalling elements appear to operate across both processes but clear gaps in our understanding remain. In legumes, although CLE peptide signalling has been examined in detail in symbioses, the role of this pathway in SAM development of legumes is poorly understood. In this Research in Context, we review the literature to clarify the conserved and divergent elements of the CLAVATA-CLE peptide signalling pathways that control SAM, mycorrhizal colonisation and nodulation. We used novel pea mutants to determine the role of CLE signalling in regulating SAM development of a model legume, including interaction with temperature. We found that in pea both genetic and environmental buffering of the CLE pathway influences SAM development. In pea, the CLAVATA2 (CLV2) CLE receptor-like protein and the unknown gene product encoded by the K301 gene are required to limit SAM size and floral organ production under cool temperatures. In contrast, the CLAVATA1 receptor-like kinase promotes SAM proliferation and appears to do so via a CLV2-independent pathway. In contrast, we found no role for the RDN1 enzyme, capable of arabinosylating CLE peptides, in SAM development. Future studies in other legumes are required to examine the role of other CLE peptide signalling elements in SAM control. Studies in non-vascular mycorrhizal hosts could explore if symbioses control is also an ancestral role for this signalling pathway.