Control Procedures Research Articles

Preserflo-MicroShunt: Postoperative Effects on Endothelial Cell Density and Corneal Thickness

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Preserflo implantation on endothelial cell density (ECD), corneal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), and the use of antiglaucoma medications over a 12-month follow-up period. Methods: A total of 53 eyes from 53 patients undergoing Preserflo implantation were included in this prospective study. ECD, corneal thickness, IOP, and the number of antiglaucoma medications were measured at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for non-normally distributed data. Results: There was no significant reduction in ECD at 3 months (p = 0.695) or 12 months (p = 0.229) compared to baseline. However, a significant reduction in corneal thickness was observed at 3 months (p = 0.008), with no significant change at 12 months (p = 0.118). A significant reduction in IOP was noted at both 3 months (from a preoperative median of 23.5 mmHg to 11.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and 12 months (from 23.5 mmHg to 13.0 mmHg, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the use of antiglaucoma medications, from a preoperative median of 3.0 medication classes to 0.0 classes at both 3 months (p < 0.001) and 12 months (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Preserflo implantation resulted in a significant reduction in IOP and the need for antiglaucoma medications, with no significant impact on endothelial cell density and corneal thickness after 12 months. These findings suggest that Preserflo implantation is an effective procedure for IOP control and medication reduction, with favorable outcome for corneal health after one year.

Managing the Unwanted: An Application of Dispositional Analysis on the Athena SWAN Initiative in UK Business Schools

ABSTRACTThe Athena SWAN initiative proposes to address gender equality and diversity (E&D) in higher education settings. This research examines how Athena SWAN is organized as a means of controlling gender E&D in the context of UK Business Schools. It involves deductive thematic analysis of secondary (Athena SWAN applications) and primary data (semi‐structured interviews). Through the lens of dispositional analysis, we explore the interplay between Foucault's dispositive modalities of law, discipline and dispositives of security involved in the Athena SWAN initiative. We find significant problems in the way these modalities interact with Athena SWAN. There is often a disconnection between the individual, departmental and institutional motivations that affect disciplinary mechanisms, such as the self‐evaluation conducted by the self‐assessment team (SAT). Strategic decisions are typically centralized at the university level, emphasizing achieving optimal levels of inequality comparable with the sector which is in line with accreditations, rankings and funding requirements. This often leads to problems related to a lack of control and clear accountability procedures. The results of this study suggest that Athena SWAN creates a space for self‐governing and visibility of gender E&D practices. However, without legal structures there has been limited progress in advancing this agenda because discipline and security take over by establishing a new “normative” level based on optimization. Legal structures can destabilize the “normative” optimum level of current E&D practices, opening new possibilities for discipline to prevent the unwanted.

Combining procedural and behavioral treatments for chronic low back pain: A pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Individual treatments for chronic low back pain (CLBP) have small magnitude effects. Combining different types of treatments may produce larger effects. To (1) assess feasibility of conducting a factorial randomized controlled trial of these treatments; and (2) estimate individual and combined treatment effects of (a) lumbar radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) of the dorsal ramus medial branch nerves (vs. a simulated LRFA control procedure) and (b) Activity Tracker-Informed Video-Enabled Cognitive Behavioral Therapy program for CLBP (AcTIVE-CBT) (vs. an educational control treatment) on back-related disability at 3 months post-randomization. Participants (n = 13) were randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio in a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial. Feasibility goals included an enrollment proportion ≥ 30%, a randomization proportion ≥ 80%, and a ≥ 80% proportion of randomized participants completing the 3-month Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) primary outcome end point. An intent-to-treat analysis was used. The enrollment proportion was 62%, the randomization proportion was 81%, and all randomized participants completed the primary outcome. Though not statistically significant, there was a beneficial, moderate-magnitude effect of LRFA versus control on 3-month RMDQ (-3.25 RMDQ points [95% confidence interval [CI], -10.18 to 3.67]). There was a significant, beneficial, large-magnitude effect of AcTIVE-CBT versus control (-6.29 [95% CI, -10.97 to -1.60]). Though not statistically significant, there was a beneficial, large effect of LRFA+AcTIVE-CBT versus control (-8.37 [95% CI: -21.47, 4.74]). We conclude that it is feasible to conduct a randomized controlled trial combining procedural and behavioral treatments for CLBP. gov Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03520387.

Rural village as a source of microplastic pollution in a riverine and marine ecosystem of the southern Venezuelan Caribbean.

Microplastics (MP) are widely distributed environmental pollutants with the potential to impact terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. MP produced in urban areas are transported through rivers to marine environments, interacting with water, sediments and organisms along the way. To date, most studies have characterized MP pollution associated with urban centers. This study quantified the MP abundance associated with a representative rural community of the Southern Caribbean Coast of Venezuela, Chichiriviche de la Costa (Chichi), and its influence on a neighboring riverine and marine ecosystem. MP pollution was assessed in the dry and rainy season by sampling riverine water and sediments upstream and downstream of the village. Additionally, marine water, sediments and organisms (fish and sponges) were sampled in the bay. Samples were processed according to standardized protocols with strict quality control procedures. MP were characterized through ATR-FT-IR. The riverine water and sediments downstream of the village had a MP abundance that was 2.3 and 3.8 times higher than the upstream sampling site, respectively. A higher MP abundance was found in the sediments of the river mouth and the waters of the inner bay of Chichi, suggesting that the river was the main source of MP to the bay. MP were found in all marine organisms. The MP abundance in the waters of the inner bay of Chichi was 1.7 to 1197.3 times higher than previous studies conducted in urban centers of Latin America. Our study highlights the role of rural centers as sources of MP pollution.

Implementation of Secure and Verifiable Access Control Procedures using the NTRU Cryptosystem to Store Big Data in the Cloud Environment

Background: Due to their complexity and size, deploying ciphertexts for clouds is considered the most useful approach to accessing large data stores. Method: However, access to a user's access legitimacy and improving a decrypted text on the cloud depending on an improved access policy (AP) specified by the data owner are the key challenges for making large data storage realistic and effective in clouds. The traditional ways either totally remove the problem of AP development or offer renewal to arbiter power, but in real-time, enhancing the AP is essential to maximising security and handling agility. Results: In this paper, a safe and verifiable access control program characterised by the NTRU cryptographic system for large storage of data in the clouds is proposed. Primarily, an improved NTRU decryption protocol to deal with the decryption failures of the prime NTRU is established, and in addition, the program is analysed for its security strength and computational performance. When a new AP is specified by the data owner, the cloud server allows the program to improve ciphertext and allows the owner to verify the upgrade to oppose the cloud's fraudulent behaviour. Conclusion: It enables (i) checking the user's legitimacy to access the data owner and qualified users, and (ii) allowing the user to verify the data provided by other users for the recovery of the right user. Strong analysis can prevent and block delinquency from various attacks, namely the collusion attack that could potentially target fraud users.

Optimization of surface water microfiltration with hydraulic and chemically enhanced backwashing

Short-term microfiltration (MF) fouling is commonly abated by periodically reversing the flow to remove foulants that weakly adhered to the membrane. Strong oxidants (i.e., chlorine) can be added to hydraulic backwash water to augment its efficacy—a process called chemically enhanced backwashing (CEB). Herein, we report a rigorous mathematical model for constant flux MF incorporating hydraulic backwashing and CEB, and validated with laboratory data obtained using untreated and alum-coagulated water from the Foss Reservoir in Oklahoma, USA. We implemented an optimal control procedure and used it to predict MF behavior long past experimental timescales. We identified a frequency threshold beyond which the necessary transmembrane pressure (TMP) reached an asymptotic value, indicating a pseudo steady-state, periodic solution to the model when coupling hydraulic backwashing with CEB. We report differences in TMP saturation values and timescales by simulating transient MF of untreated and pretreated water. Numerical simulations revealed that the operating flux could be increased 10-fold after pretreatment (compared with raw water) before reaching the maximum manufacturer-recommended pressure for the experimental hollow-fibers. The predicted higher flux and extended duration between cleaning-in-place demonstrated advantages of coagulation pretreatment under hydraulic backwashing and CEB. Model observations could guide decision making for CEB timing and frequency.

La revista Science considera al fármaco lenacapavir el avance científico más importante del año 2024 por su papel en la profilaxis preexposición (PrEP) frente al VIH

Since the appearance of the first cases of infection in 1981 in New York and San Francisco by a virus unknown at the time and later identified in 1983 as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS and is responsible for some 42 million deaths and 88 million infections since the beginning of the pandemic, fundamental discoveries have been made that have led to great advances in HIV control. These discoveries range from methods of rapid detection of the virus, basic knowledge of the structure and function of viral proteins, mechanisms of cell penetration, receptors, interaction with the host, transport and genomic integration, stability, pathology, to the development of control procedures, especially antivirals. For years, HIV infection was synonymous with death, until the scientific community and the pharmaceutical sector developed antiretrovirals. There are currently multiple specific compounds directed against different stages in viral replication, such as reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside analogues and non-analogues, protease inhibitors, inhibitors of fusion and penetration of the virus, antagonists of co-receptors on the surface of lymphocytes, integrase blockers, inhibitors of the fusion of the virus to the cell membrane, capsid inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers. These drugs are combined, using at least two drugs in a single pharmaceutical form with two different classes of action for oral treatment and also in long-acting intravenous administration. In this way, it has been possible to turn a fatal infection into a chronic one, with a very high long-term survival rate.

Reducing the urge to be physically active in patients with anorexia nervosa through virtual reality: protocol for a randomised-controlled feasibility trial

IntroductionWeight restoration is a primary goal in anorexia nervosa (AN) treatment. Recent studies suggest that addressing physical activity urges in patients with AN is a promising target to facilitate weight...

P-1410. Oral Antimicrobial Therapy Offers in Hospitalized Persons Who Inject Drugs who Elect for Self-directed Discharge

Abstract Background Hospitalized Persons Who Inject Drugs (PWID) who elect for self-directed discharge (SDD) are at an increased risk for poor infection outcomes, but there is limited guidance for infection management in this population. National PWID management guidelines suggest considering oral antimicrobial therapy offers (OATO) as soon as patients are clinically stable to avoid lack of antibiotic therapy at discharge. The study purpose is to evaluate infection management in PWID who elect for SDD and to identify characteristics associated with OATO. Variables Associated with Oral Antimicrobial Offers at Self-directed Discharge Methods Retrospective cohort of hospitalized adult PWID with an injection drug use (IDU)-related infection who elected for SDD between 1/1/14-1/31/24 at Henry Ford Health in Michigan. Patients were excluded if they were hospitalized for < 24-hours or if antimicrobial treatment was completed prior to SDD. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with OATO at or prior to SDD. Secondary outcomes at 30-days included retreatment, infection-related readmission, and all-cause mortality. Results 150 patients were included; 55 (37%) were OATO patients, 95 (63%) did not receive an offer. Most patients were white (118, 79%), had prior SDD (90, 60%), and were a median (IQR) age of 34 (30-44) years. Skin infections were most common (81, 54%). Patients that received a source control procedure (27 (49%) vs. 31 (33%), P=0.05) or care from a provider ≤10 years from terminal training (49 [89%] vs. 70 [74%], P=0.04) were more likely to receive an OATO. Patient outcomes were not different between the OATO and no offer groups: infection retreatment 19 (34%) vs. 32 (34%); infection-related readmission 14 (25%) vs. 31 (33%); and all-cause mortality 1 (2%) vs. 3 (3%). Characteristics associated with OATO were prescribing or continuing medications for opioid use disorder during hospitalization, infection source control, and care from providers ≤10 years post-terminal training; infectious diseases consultation had an opposite association (Table 1). Conclusion Most hospitalized PWID with IDU-related infections with SDD did not receive an OATO. Early career providers more commonly offered oral antimicrobials in PWID with less complicated infection types. Standardizing OATO in PWID at risk for SDD should be considered as a future direction to improve health outcomes. Disclosures Rachel M. Kenney, PharmD, BCIDP, Medtronic Inc: Spouse is an employee, stockholder Dana M. Parke, MA, Pfizer Global Medical Grants & Global Bridges at Mayo Clinic (grant # 70973735): Grant/Research Support|The Kresge Foundation: Grant/Research Support

P-69. What if? Opportunities for IV to PO Antibiotic Transition in Bone and Joint Infection Treatment

Abstract Background Historically, bone and joint infections have been treated with intravenous (IV) antimicrobials. IV to oral (PO) antibiotic transition implementation differs among institutions and prescribers. This practice has increased in recent years as new literature has demonstrated comparable efficacy of PO and IV treatment. Use of outpatient IV therapy often necessitates using a central line. This introduces additional risks, particularly line-related complications such as clots and central line infections. The purpose of this project was to identify opportunities for transitioning from IV to PO therapy in patients discharged on IV antibiotics for bone/joint infections at an academic medical center. Baseline Patient Characteristics Methods We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of adults discharged on IV antibiotics between January 2020 and December 2023. Inclusion criteria included age ≥ 18 years, patient followed by institutional outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy service, and receipt of at least one IV antibiotic for a bone/joint infection. Patients with axial osteomyelitis were excluded. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with the potential to transition from IV to PO antibiotics. Secondary outcomes included incidence of adverse drug events (ADE). Results 324 patients were included. Osteomyelitis was the most common infection (48.5%) followed by joint infection (27.5%). Source control procedures were performed for 83% of patients. Cultures were positive in 75% of patients, and Staphylococcus species were the most common pathogens (45%). In total, 237 (73.1%) of patients qualified for a complete PO regimen. Half of patients (50.3%) received at least one PO antibiotic as part of their discharge therapy. Antibiotic changes occurred after discharge in 15.4% of patients, and 21% of patients experienced an antibiotic associated ADE. Conclusion Most patients discharged on IV antibiotics for bone/joint infection at this medical center could have received a complete PO regimen. While PO antibiotics are not benign, there is the potential to reduce adverse effects. These findings highlight opportunities for IV to PO transition at discharge and the potential to reduce line associated complications. Disclosures Patrick E H Jackson, MD, Gentiva Hospice: spouse employment|Kindred Hospice: spouse employment|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support

P-814. Utility of PET-CT Scan in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a common yet serious infection with high morbidity and mortality. The timely identification of the primary source of infection and any associated metastatic foci is crucial for guiding appropriate management strategies and improving patient outcomes. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans offer a non-invasive imaging modality that combines the metabolic information provided by PET with the anatomical detail provided by CT. Our investigation aims to show that PET-CT is a useful modality for improving mortality in patients with S. aureus bacteremia.Table 1:Demographic Variables of Participants Methods Patients with S. aureus bacteremia who underwent PET-CT at Roanoke Memorial Hospital between November 2020 and November 2022 were identified through electronic health records. These were matched with a control group comprised of patients with S. aureus bacteremia who did not undergo PET-CT scans. Logistic regression analysis was employed for statistical comparison between groups.Table 2:PET Group Results Results A total of 132 patients were included in the study, with 66 in both the PET group and the group without PET (Table 1). Patients undergoing PET-CT had significantly lower odds of mortality compared to those without the scan (OR=0.404, 95% CI: 0.167 - 0.980, p=0.0451). In the PET-CT group, PET-CT detected a new foci of infection in 57.6% of cases and a source control procedure was performed in 25.8% of cases as a result of PET-CT findings (Table 2). Subgroup analysis within the PET group showed positive PET scan uptake in the majority of patients (93.94%), with whole-body PET-CT being the most commonly performed imaging protocol. Antibiotic duration was adjusted in 33% of patients based on PET-CT findings. Patients in the PET-CT group received a longer course of antibiotics (36.8 vs 29.3 days)(Table 3).Table 3:Primary and secondary outcomes Conclusion These results underscore the potential clinical utility of PET-CT in guiding therapeutic interventions. Here we observed a lower mortality in patients with S. aureus bacteremia who underwent PET-CT imaging, as well as increased performance of source control procedures and longer antibiotic duration. PET-CT scans offer a comprehensive assessment of infection localization assisting clinicians in identifying occult foci of infection. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

ПОРАЖЕНИЯ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА У КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА ГРИБАМИ CANDIDA ALBICANS

The purpose of the study is to analyze the localization of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract in cattle. The selection of the material was carried out at the Yelabuga Meat-Packing Plant JSC of the Republic of Tatarstan from May to July 2021. The carcasses of dairy cows aged 4–5 years with signs of a fungal disease of the gastrointestinal tract were subjected to the study. Visual examination and screening of the organs of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract were carried out by veterinarians in accordance with the "Rules for the veterinary examination of slaughter animals and the veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and meat products" (approved by the Main Veterinary Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture on December 27, 1983, with amendments and as amended on June 17, 1988). Laboratory studies of cattle carcasses for the presence of infectious agents were fulfilled in accordance with the "Procedure for sanitary and microbiological control in the production of meat and meat products" (approved by the Department of Food and Processing Industry of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Russia on December 15, 1995). Thus, the conducted studies allow us to conclude that the causative agents of mycoses Candida albicans are permanent inhabitants of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract (rennet, net, book, thick and small intestines) in cattle. Only early diagnosis, timely treatment and elimination of opportunistic microorganisms can save the number of dairy cows and prevent the threat of development and spread of candidal endometritis.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Viruses among Hemodialysis Patients in Mukalla City, Hadhramout, Yemen

Introduction: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk of infection with blood transfusion viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Chronic infections with HBV and HCV may lead to liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objective: The present work was aimed to screen the seroprevalence rate and risk factors of HBV and HCV infections among HD patients attending the Artificial Kidney Center in Mukalla city, Hadhramout Governorate, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 110 HD patients (73 males and 37 females) in the period from January to March 2024. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV were detected using the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay technique. The data concerning risk factors were collected using a designed questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: In our study, 6(5.5%) of HD patients were HBsAg positive and 8(7.3%) were anti-HCV positive. There was statistically significant correlation between the age groups and educational level with the prevalence rate of HBV (P < 0.05). Analysis of other risk factors in HD patients with HBV and HCV infections of variables the blood transfusion during hemodialysis, previous operational surgery, number of hemodialysis more than 3 times per month, duration of hemodialysis 1-5 years, and unvaccinated patients against HBV don't showed any statistically significant associations. Conclusion: The present study showed a reduction in the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in HD patients, but represents a serious community health problem to become a nosocomial infection in the Artificial Kidney Center in Mukalla city, Hadhramout. So, proper and effective procedures for infection control may be reduce and prevent viral hepatitis infections.

Enhanced disturbance mitigation in nonlinear time delay systems with applications to double boost converters in microgrid environments

This study proposes an enhanced Smith Predictor (ESP) based Modified repetitive control (MRC) technique to develop a precise tracking performance of the input delayed double boost converter model, which is highly influenced by disturbances and saturation nonlinearity. A group of inequalities is derived on the basis of Lyapunov stability concept, which are in the form of linear-matrix-inequalities (LMIs) to guarantee the asymptotic stability and tracking performance of the considered delayed double boost converter. To be more specific, the proposed Lyapunov method not only provides the asymptotic stability of the system but also design the controller parameters when the feasibility of the derived LMIs are analyzed. The validation of the suggested ESP based MRC technique is confirmed through the simulation analysis and the corresponding outcomes from the considered double boost converter model. Moreover, the recommended control procedure yields better accuracy in tracking performance and disturbance elimination when comparing with the existing active disturbance methods such as improved equivalent-input-disturbance (IEID), parallel EID (PEID), higher-order EID (HEID) and EID based Smith predictor (SP) techniques.

Autonomous Quality Control of High Spatiotemporal Resolution Automatic Weather Station Precipitation Data

How to prevent the influence of precipitation’s localized and sudden characteristics is the most formidable challenge in the quality control (QC) of precipitation observations. However, with sufficiently high spatiotemporal resolution in observational data, nuanced information can aid us in accurately distinguishing between intense, localized precipitation events, and anomalies in precipitation data. China has deployed over 70,000 automatic weather stations (AWSs) that provide high spatiotemporal resolution surface meteorological observations. This study developed a new method for performing QC of precipitation data based on the high spatiotemporal resolution characteristics of observations from surface AWSs in China. The proposed QC algorithm uses the cumulative average method to standardize the probability distribution characteristics of precipitation data and further uses the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition method to effectively identify the small-scale spatial structure of precipitation data. Leveraging the spatial correlation characteristics of precipitation, partitioned EOF detection with a 0.5° spatial coverage effectively minimizes the influence of local precipitation on quality control. Analysis of precipitation probability distribution reveals that reconstruction based on the first three EOF modes can accurately capture the organized structural features of precipitation within the detection area. Thereby, based on the randomness characteristics of the residuals, when the residual of a certain observation is greater than 2.5 times the standard deviation calculated from all residuals in the region, it can be determined that the data are erroneous. Although the quality control is primarily aimed at accumulated precipitation, the randomness of erroneous data indicates that 84 continuous instances of error data in accumulated precipitation can effectively trace back to erroneous hourly precipitation observations. This ultimately enables the QC of hourly precipitation data from surface AWSs. Analysis of the QC of precipitation data from 2530 AWSs in Jiangxi Province (China) revealed that the new method can effectively identify incorrect precipitation data under the conditions of extreme weather and complex terrain, with an average rejection rate of about 5%. The EOF-based QC method can accurately detect strong precipitation events resulting from small-scale weather disturbances, thereby preventing local heavy rainfall from being incorrectly classified as erroneous data. Comparison with the quality control results in the Tianqing System, an operational QC system of the China Meteorological Administration, revealed that the proposed method has advantages in handling extreme and scattered outliers, and that the precipitation observation data, following quality control procedures, exhibits enhanced similarity with the CMAPS merged precipitation data. The novel quality control approach not only elevates the average spatial correlation coefficient between the two datasets by 0.01 but also diminishes the root mean square error by 1 mm.

Physicochemical, Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, Heavy Metal and Pesticidal Residue Analysis of Angelica glauca Edgew roots: An Approach to Establish Quality Standards Using Advanced Analytical Techniques

Background: Angelica glauca (AG) (family Apiaceae) is used by tribes as a spice and to treat various diseases. Before consumption, effective measures must be used for quality control tests. This study establishes quality standards for A. glauca. The study analyses A. glauca roots for physico-chemical, pharmacognostic, phytochemical, heavy metals, pesticidal residue, microbial load, and aflatoxin Methods: The standard procedure was used for powder microscopy and physiochemical parameters. Multiple culture media were used to measure microbial load. Aflatoxins were estimated using HPLC. Mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel were estimated using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. To identify 87 pesticide residues in A. glauca roots, LC-MS was used Results: On root powder microscopy, parenchymatous cells packed with yellow material, capillaries with reticulate thickenings, and simple oval to circular starch grains were found. Foreign matter, LOD, total ash, and extractive values were all within range. Salmonela, Pseudomnas, and Coliform (E. coli) were absent. The total viable aerobic bacterial count was 1.14 x 103 cfu/ml, compared to 1.0 x 105 permitted. Aflatoxins were absent in all samples. Heavy metal levels met the FSSR 2011 maximum residue standard for foods not specified. All 87 pesticides in the crude sample were below detection limits, indicating the safety and quality of the A. glauca root sample. Conclusion: The current findings can be utilized in quality control procedures and to assess the quality of A. glauca samples before incorporating them into formulations. Phytochemical tests, heavy metal analysis, and pesticide residue contents can be used to assess quality before using A. glauca raw materials.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕННІ ІНВЕНТАРИЗАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ОБЛІКУ

Introduction. The development of the digital economy has left its mark on all areas of activity, including accounting processes. The theoretical and practical foundations of accounting are also undergoing significant changes. Accounting tools must be in line with modern realities. Enterprises automate the collection and registration of primary information using modern measuring instruments, which ensures the documentation of business transactions exclusively in electronic form. The article discusses the need to ensure the reliability of accounting indicators and prevent possible deviations by means of inventory, one of the main methods of accounting and control. The purpose of the article. To study and improve the digital tools used in the inventory of accounting objects at business entities of various types of activities. Methods. The methods of abstraction, analysis, logical, theoretical, generalization and comparison were used in the study. The research is based on the dialectical method. Results. The transformation of accounting in accordance with the new needs of society is a necessary stage in its development. Changes and improvements in the accounting methodology will help not to lose its relevance in the era of universal digitalization. The complexity of the inventory and its labor intensity is explained by the need for a set of preparatory and organizational actions, extensive documentary support, involvement of significant human resources in control procedures, and the multidimensional scope of application. With the ever-increasing range and assortment of inventory items on the market, the number of accounting items is growing, which in turn requires significant time spent on control procedures. Inventory at the vast majority of enterprises is characterized by a statutory procedure and frequency. Conclusions. The use of digital identification technologies in inventory procedures will reduce labor and working time costs, increase the efficiency of such procedures, ensure timeliness and efficiency of inventory, and reduce the likelihood of abuse.

Exploring Public Health Strategies Related to Chronic Diseases: Taking Type 2 Diabetes as an Example

As life becomes better and food becomes more abundant, the number of people with some nutritional and chronic diseases is also rising. In order to enhance people's health status, China, the nation with the highest number of diabetics worldwide, needs to identify the best disease prevention and control procedure within the "prevention-health care-treatment-diagnosis-rehabilitation" cycle of the health management system. Population-based public health should dominate here. In today's era of big data, China has opened a smart health management system that is "combined with science and technology", gradually improving the informatization and intelligence level of chronic disease detection and management, so as to empower the health management cycle. In current studies, not enough attention has been paid to disease prevention and control. Taking type 2 diabetes mellitus as an example, this paper discusses the public health strategies related to chronic diseases based on the analysis of literature research survey data, summarizes the public health policies related to diseases at home and abroad, puts the policy methods and importance of disease prevention and control under the objective data test, analyzes its limitations, and helps to optimize the measures in the future.

A Review on Method Development for the Analysis of Combine Product of Amlodipine Besilate and Rosuvastatin Calcium in Pharmaceutical Dosage form

Rosuvastatin belongs to the category of statins, used in combination with calcium channel blockers, analgesicsand other class of cardiovascular disease drugs in the treatment of high cholesterol and related conditions to prevent cardiovascular diseases. The clinical and pharmaceutical analysis of these drugs requires effective analytical procedures for quality control, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry related journals has been conducted and the instrumentalmethods which were developed and used for determination of Rosuvastatin in combined dosage forms have been reviewed. This review covers various analytical methods for estimation of Rosuvastatin calcium and Fenofibrate in combined dosage forms, such as spectrophotometry, derivative spectrophotometry and various highperformance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods that were published from 2010 to 2014. Key Words: Rosuvastatin, Fenofibrate, review, HPLC, Spectrophotometry

Identifying genetic differences between bipolar disorder and major depression through multiple genome-wide association analyses.

Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is difficult in clinical practice, with an average delay between symptom onset and diagnosis of about 7 years. A depressive episode often precedes the first manic episode, making it difficult to distinguish BPD from unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD). We use genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to identify differential genetic factors and to develop predictors based on polygenic risk scores (PRS) that may aid early differential diagnosis. Based on individual genotypes from case-control cohorts of BPD and MDD shared through the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, we compile case-case-control cohorts, applying a careful quality control procedure. In a resulting cohort of 51 149 individuals (15 532 BPD patients, 12 920 MDD patients and 22 697 controls), we perform a variety of GWAS and PRS analyses. Although our GWAS is not well powered to identify genome-wide significant loci, we find significant chip heritability and demonstrate the ability of the resulting PRS to distinguish BPD from MDD, including BPD cases with depressive onset (BPD-D). We replicate our PRS findings in an independent Danish cohort (iPSYCH 2015, N = 25 966). We observe strong genetic correlation between our case-case GWAS and that of case-control BPD. We find that MDD and BPD, including BPD-D are genetically distinct. Our findings support that controls, MDD and BPD patients primarily lie on a continuum of genetic risk. Future studies with larger and richer samples will likely yield a better understanding of these findings and enable the development of better genetic predictors distinguishing BPD and, importantly, BPD-D from MDD.