Water Flow Control Research Articles

Sewerage Water Treatment Using Phytoremediation

Surface water are being contaminated by various toxic elements through anthropogenic activities and natural sources between residential and premises. Studies had shown that aquatic plants had its ability to improve water quality in purifying polluted surface water. Many studies had been introduced to treat the sewerage water and had been a cost to public to pay monthly. Thus, increasing living cost after water and electrical tariff. In this study, sewerage water at urban, rural, remote or even island could possibly use some aquatic plant as alternative sewerage water treatment. The objective of the study is to identify the effectiveness level of certain aquatic species suitable for sewerage water treatment.
 Some aquatic plants will be used in this study to identify the level of chemical absorption from wastewater. The testing plot located in a small basin with constant, controlled water flow from the sewerage holding tank. In this study, sewerage, water from Puchong Sewerage Treatment Plant had been used as a polluted source. The water quality at each basin will be monitored and recorded daily and end at a constant reading of water quality.
 From the study, it was found that certain aquatic species could absorb some chemical characteristic during phytoremediation processed as founded by many previous studies nationally and internationally. The treatment of sewerage sources for this study had been deteriorated over 20% from the sewerage characteristics using different types of species. This had identified that alternative wastewater treatment using some species could possibly treated the sewerage water within a period of time. Further study could be done for improving wastewater treatment timeframe either in a different scale or in an integrated mode of treatment in order to treat others characteristics sources of wastewater.

Designing an arduino-based low-cost and high-precision water level indicator and controller with ultrasonic sensor

The development of a low-cost and high-precision water level indicator and controller using Arduino Uno and an ultrasonic sensor is the focus of this research study. The system aims to accurately measure the water level in a tank or reservoir and control water flow automatically. The research study involves designing and implementing the water level indicator and controller using arduino uno and an ultrasonic sensor. The system is designed to be low-cost and easy to install, making it ideal for use in households, small businesses, and rural areas. The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance between the water surface and the sensor. The arduino uno microcontroller then calculates the water level using this distance measurement and controls water flow using a motor or a solenoid valve. The system's performance is evaluated based on its accuracy, reliability, and response time. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity are also considered in the evaluation process. The research study shows that the water level indicator and controller using arduino Uno and an ultrasonic sensor is a reliable and cost-effective solution for water management. The system can help prevent water wastage, reduce water bills, and ensure a steady water supply. The research study provides valuable insights into the development of low-cost and high-precision water level indicator and controller systems and their potential applications in water management.

Design and Analysis of Foot Operated Water Spout

The article presents four designs of a foot–operated water tap. These designs were useful for operating a water tap without touch and control the flow of water with the operation of the foot. The designs were suitable for the round in shape cap of the water faucet or an attachment can be fixed on the handle of the existing tap to convert the cap round in shape. The clutch wire and cotton rope were used to convert the rotational motion into linear motion. Among the four designs, two works with the help of the single pedal operated with clutch wire and the other two works with two pedals and pulleys. Each design was analyzed in detail with operation, advantages, and disadvantages. The proposed novel designs were economical, prevents infection, saves consumption of water, controls water flow, easy to install.

Considering elements of natural strategies to control salmon lice infestation in marine cage culture

Salmon lice are a severe problem in salmonid aquaculture and also affect wild salmon smolts migrating through fjord systems in spring. To keep the lice burden within acceptable limits, frequent use of chemical delousing has resulted in the parasite becoming resistant to these treatments. Alternative thermal and mechanical delousing practices induce welfare problems and loss of farmed fish. To avoid losing the constant arms race with the parasite, we need a new approach to the problem. Inspired by the natural host-parasite balance, we propose a change in salmonid aquaculture practices by combining and improving existing management strategies for a more holistic and sustainable vision of the industry. Before salmonids were farmed in open cages, few hosts were available for salmon lice during winter, which reduced the salmon lice populations to a minimum when the wild smolts were migrating to sea. Thus, the natural strategy is to decrease host availability for a sufficient period of time to allow salmon lice nauplii to die of starvation. Due to the long survival and drift of the nauplii, it is important to significantly increase the distance between open farming units, either by organising and aggregating farms in extensive fallowing areas with significant distance to other corresponding areas or by controlling water flow through active production units during extensive fallowing. Here we primarily address environmental interactions. Economic and juridical implications of the proposed strategy are not discussed in detail. However, we do briefly suggest relevant current regulations and possible costs and benefits of reducing delousing treatment intensity.

Participatory Evaluation of Effectiveness of Farmer-Led Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

India has shown high vulnerability towards the impact of climate change due to thedependency of 58 per cent of India’s population on agriculture. The study was carried on180 respondents in three districts selected randomly of eastern Uttar Pradesh to evaluatefarmer-led adaptation strategies to the impact of climate change, activities that arepredominantly led by farmers to make them more adaptable to long-term changes in weatherpatterns. All the respondents had experienced extreme climatic events in the last 5-10 years,making the region climate-prone. Nine farmers’-led adaptation strategies to climate changefollowed in crop farming were documented and quantified by using Climate ChangeAdaptation Index. Adaptation strategies were evaluated using the Quantification ofIndigenous Knowledge method (QuIK) method; by involving the key informants followedby peer farmers. Crop diversification, use of high yielding varieties of crops andpreparations of bunds to control water flow were the most preferred adaptation strategiesto climate change. The irregular rainfall increased the incidence of floods in eastern UttarPradesh; thus, the preparation of bunds to regulate water flow in crop fields was the mostefficient adaptation strategy.

Impact of land use and tillage practice on soil macropore characteristics inferred from X-ray computed tomography

Quantification of soil macropores is important to enhance our understanding of preferential flow behavior in soils. However, knowledge of 3D soil architecture for different land uses in a continental climate region is limited. X-ray computed tomography is a novel technique that can provide valuable information about the 3D features of the soil, such as connectivity, length density, and tortuosity, that largely control water flow through the macropores. In this study, X-ray computed tomography and image analysis were employed to quantify the soil macropore characteristics from four combinations of different land uses and soil tillage practices - native grassland (Nat), alfalfa (Alf), conventional till-corn (CT), and no-till corn (NT) systems. A total of 15 undisturbed soil columns, 150 mm in diameter and 500 mm in length, were collected from different fields. The macropore characteristics were distinctively different for different land use and tillage treatments, especially near the surface depth (top 100 mm). The soil macropores under CT were highly connected and concentrated mostly in the surface soil layer. In contrast, macropores under NT were larger and had well-developed pore networks. The Alf field had relatively larger and more vertically oriented macropores as compared to the Nat field. Relatively larger macroporosity and a higher number of macropores were observed in the surface of soils collected from Nat field. Macropore characteristics were mostly similar between Alf and NT treatments. The results of this study facilitate quantitative evaluation of 3D soil macropore features with significant implications for non-equilibrium flow prediction and contaminant transport modeling in soils.

Regional Physiographic Study for the Hydrology of Kali Lamong Watershed Area

This study aims to determine the effect of physiography based on slope and land cover for water control in Kali Lamong watershed. The data used in this research are DEM data and Landsat 8 imagery data. The process of processing slope data is through conversion coordinates system, DEM clip, create slope, reclassify, dissolve shapefile, and slope classification analysis. Landsat 8 data processing goes through a process through conversion coordinates system, composite band, crop composite, extent shapefile, sharpen band, unsupervised classification, and land cover classification analysis. Slope classification maps and land cover classification maps are used for flow coefficient classification for physiographic analysis based on slope and land cover for water control in Kali Lamong watershed. On the land cover classification map, five land classifications were obtained, namely agriculture (158413000 m2), settlements (72701400 m2), industrial land (11571600 m2), plantations (46017800 m2), and waters (15268500 m2). On the slope classification map obtained 5 classifications, as flat with a slope of 0-8% (288469544 m2), as slope with a slope of 8-15% (7656738 m2), as rather steep with a slope of 15-25% (1905360 m2), as steep with a slope of 25-45 (526614 m2), and as very steep with a slope of more than 45% (32148 m2). From the combination of Landsat 8 image data and slope data, flow coefficient analysis was carried out. The flow coefficient is influenced by land cover and slope. From this research, the classification of low flow coefficient is less than 0.25, medium flow coefficient is 0.25-0.5, and high flow coefficient is more than 0.75. The average flow coefficient of Kali Lamong watershed is 0.49 with a moderate flow coefficient classification value. This shows that 49% of the runoff water is in Kali Lamong watershed. The higher the flow coefficient value, the water runs off the surface. So that it can be used as an initial study for the technical planning of Kali Lamong hydrology and the development, improvement, utilization, and control of water flow in Kali Lamong.

Investigation of the Internal Blowout Accident Involving Overpressured Reservoirs: Case of CI-11 Well, Southern Tunisia

Summary This study consists of an assessment of the ecological accident implicating the Continental Intercalaire-11 (CI-11) water well located in Jemna oasis, southern Tunisia. The CI-11 ecological accident manifested in 2014 with a local increase of the complex terminal (CT) shallow water table salinity and temperature. Then, this phenomenon started to spread over the region of Jemna, progressively implicating farther wells. The first investigation task consisted of logging the CI-11 well. The results revealed an impairment of the casing and cement of a huge part of the 9⅝ in. production casing. Historical production records show that the problems seem to have started in 1996 when a sudden production loss rate occurred. These deficiencies led to the CI mass-water flowing behind the casing from the CI to the CT aquifers. This ecological accident is technically called internal blowout, where water flows from the overpressurized CI groundwater to the shallower CT groundwater. Indeed, the upward CI hot-water flow dissolved salts from the encountered evaporite-rich formations of the Lower Senonian series, which complicated the ecological consequences of the accident. From the first signs of serious water degradation in 2014 through the end of 2018, several attempts have been made to regain control of annular upward water flow. However, the final CT groundwater parameters indicate that the problem is not properly fixed and communication between the two involved aquifers still persists. This accident is similar to the OKN-32 case that occurred in the Berkaoui oil field, southern Algeria, in 1986, and included the same CI and CT aquifers. Furthermore, many witnesses claim that other accidental communications are probably occurring in numerous deep-drilled wells in this region. Concludingly, Jemna CI-11, Berkaoui OKN-32, and probably many other similar accident cases could be developing regional ecological disasters by massive water resource losses. The actual situation is far from being under control and the water contamination risk remains very high. In both accidents, the cement bond failure and the choice of the casing point are the main causes of the internal blowout. Therefore, we recommend (1) a regional investigation and risk assessment plan that might offer better tools to predict and detect earlier wellbore isolation issues and (2) special attention to the cement bond settlement, evaluation, and preventative logging for existing wells to ensure effective sealing between the two vulnerable water table resources. Besides, in the CI-11 well accident, the recovery program was not efficient and there was no clear action plan. This increased the risk of action failure or time waste to regain control of the well. Consequently, we suggest preparing a clear and efficient action plan for such accidents to reduce the ecological consequences. This requires further technical detailed study of drilling operations and establishment of a suitable equipment/action plan to handle blowout and annular production accidents.

Spatial and temporal characteristics, influencing factors and prediction models of water quality and algae in early stage of Middle Route of South-North Water Diversion Project

The Middle Route (MR) of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) of China is one of the world's largest inter-basin water diversion projects. As an important source of drinking water in North China, its water quality safety determines the success or failure of a sizable water supply. At present, there is a lack of in-depth and systematic understanding of the interaction between hydrodynamics and the water environment as well as water ecological processes in the main canal at the early stages of operation. It is not currently possible to accurately predict water quality and algae status at the early stage of canal ecosystem succession. Change trends and distribution characteristics of the main water ecological environment elements in the main canal at the early MR stage are analyzed in this study. The main factors influencing algae are investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the water quality and algae transport distribution in the main MR canal under the complex multi-sluice joint dispatching conditions. The relationship between environmental factors, hydrodynamic, water quality, and algae in the coupled canal-sluice system in the SNWDP MR is determined. Algae distributions under different water transmission conditions in a typical canal section are predicted accordingly. CODMn and algal density in the main canal are shown to increase from south to north along the canal. DO decreases from south to north; other water quality indexes do not significantly differ from north to south. Algal density along the canal differs to the greatest extent in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and is the weakest in winter. The predicted algae densities in the main canal under different water conveying conditions show that single sluice control and strong water flow from Taocha Head Section increase the flow velocity after passing through the sluice with a fixed opening. Algal density decreases flow rate increases under single sluice regulation conditions. The maximum rate of algal density change reaches 22.13% and 29.55% under double sluice and four sluice scheduling. Algae control effects grow significantly as the number of control sluices increases. The results of this work may provide technical support for water quality forecasting and algae risk warning in the SNWDP MR as well as a workable reference for similar projects.

Controlling Water Flow through a Synthetic Nanopore with Permeable Cations.

There is presently intense interest in the development of synthetic nanopores that recapitulate the functional properties of biological water channels for a wide range of applications. To date, all known synthetic water channels have a hydrophobic lumen, and while many exhibit a comparable rate of water transport as biological water channels, there is presently no rationally designed system with the ability to regulate water transport, a critical property of many natural water channels. Here, we describe a self-assembling nanopore consisting of stacked macrocyclic molecules with a hybrid hydrophilic/hydrophobic lumen exhibiting water transport that can be regulated by alkali metal ions. Stopped-flow kinetic assays reveal a non-monotonic-dependence of transport on cation size as well as a strikingly broad range of water flow, from essentially none in the presence of the sodium ion to as high a flow as that of the biological water channel, aquaporin 1, in the absence of the cations. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that the mechanism underlying the observed sensitivity is the binding of cations to defined sites within this hybrid pore, which perturbs water flow through the channel. Thus, beyond revealing insights into factors that can modulate a high-flux water transport through sub-nm pores, the obtained results provide a proof-of-concept for the rational design of next-generation, controllable synthetic water channels.

Modeling Transient Evaporation From Porous Media as a Succession of Steady‐State Steps

AbstractEvaporation from bare soil surfaces is a natural flow process of global importance. During drying, significant temporal changes in flow rates occur at the soil surface, accompanied by temporal and spatial variations in the partitioning of liquid and vapor water distributions below it. We present a novel approach to modeling the transient process of evaporation from porous media as a succession of steady‐state solutions. The governing mechanisms during this dynamic process are captured by accounting for the hydraulic properties of the drying medium, the characteristic features of the medium that control water flow, the atmospheric forcing, and the partitioning between the liquid and vapor phases of the water within the drying profile. We validate this simplified approach using data from a numerical model and from evaporation experiments in different soil types, under various ambient conditions. Using the model, we demonstrate the effect of soil hydraulic properties on the evaporation process. Furthermore, we use the flexibility of the model for evaluating evaporation under different initial and boundary conditions. The predictive capabilities of the proposed analytical model indicate that it is a reliable tool for representing the evaporation process.

Study on Water Flow Control Standard of Ultra LongUndermarine Tunnel by Drilling and Breaking

For ultra long undermarine tunnel by drilling and breaking, it is often difficult to bear the all-inclusive waterproof lining structure, and limited emission measures are generally adopted. The reasonable leakage standard is the key to the reasonable balance between the cost of grouting plugging and the pumping and drainage cost during the operation period. Based on the penetration coefficient control analysis and the different applicability of different pre-grouting control measures, the applicable standards of pre-grouting control measures are formulated based on the advance drilling water inflow, pressure and rock formation conditions. The pre-grouting stop standard can consider the further control effect on the basis of the leakage control standard, and the radial grouting stop standard should be properly strict in the subsequent long-term effect.

Aquaculture Reuse Water, Genetic Line, and Vaccination Affect Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Disease Susceptibility and Infection Dynamics.

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum are major pathogens of farmed rainbow trout. Improved control strategies are desired but the influence of on-farm environmental factors that lead to disease outbreaks remain poorly understood. Water reuse is an important environmental factor affecting disease. Prior studies have established a replicated outdoor-tank system capable of varying the exposure to reuse water by controlling water flow from commercial trout production raceways. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of constant or pulsed reuse water exposure on survival, pathogen prevalence, and pathogen load. Herein, we compared two commercial lines of rainbow trout, Clear Springs Food (CSF) and Troutex (Tx) that were either vaccinated against IHNV with a DNA vaccine or sham vaccinated. Over a 27-day experimental period in constant reuse water, all fish from both lines and treatments, died while mortality in control fish in spring water was <1%. Water reuse exposure, genetic line, vaccination, and the interaction between genetic line and water exposure affected survival (P<0.05). Compared to all other water sources, fish exposed to constant reuse water had 46- to 710-fold greater risk of death (P<0.0001). Tx fish had a 2.7-fold greater risk of death compared to CSF fish in constant reuse water (P ≤ 0.001), while risk of death did not differ in spring water (P=0.98). Sham-vaccinated fish had 2.1-fold greater risk of death compared to vaccinated fish (P=0.02). Both IHNV prevalence and load were lower in vaccinated fish compared to sham-vaccinated fish, and unexpectedly, F. psychrophilum load associated with fin/gill tissues from live-sampled fish was lower in vaccinated fish compared to sham-vaccinated fish. As a result, up to forty-five percent of unvaccinated fish were naturally co-infected with F. psychrophilum and IHNV and the coinfected fish exhibited the highest IHNV loads. Under laboratory challenge conditions, co-infection with F. psychrophilum and IHNV overwhelmed IHNV vaccine-induced protection. In summary, we demonstrate that exposure to reuse water or multi-pathogen challenge can initiate complex disease dynamics that can overwhelm both vaccination and host genetic resistance.

Monitoring and Controlling Water Flow Using IOT

Monitoring and Controlling Water Flow Using IOT

PERFORMANCE STUDIES ON WATER FLOW CONTROL USING P, PI AND PID CONTROLLERS

The main purpose of this study is to revitalize the concept of wise and controlled supply of water for domestic, industrial and agricultural applications which facilitate sustainable usage of fresh water resources. As Eritrea is striving to manage its water resources, attention paid primarily to enable water flow control mechanisms in municipal water distribution systems. A table top process control trainer (PCT) was tested through proportional(P), integral (I) and derivative (D) control mechanisms using Ziegler-Nichols second method to evaluate the tuning variables. Applying exclusively P control action, critical period of oscillation (𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐) was estimated as 1.4 sec at proportional band value of 9. P, PI and PID controller performance studies were conducted with tuned variables on the water flow control system at different step disturbances between 20 – 50 % and their corresponding responses were characterized. P controller exhibited faster responses with consistent increments in offset, PI controller recorded highest overshoot values with negligible offset and prolonged settling times. PID controller showed less overshoot values and faster response times than PI but it increased chatter on the control output signal. The study revealed that the system can be safely controlled between 0-80 LPH. If the offset is not a major concern, P controller would be reflected suitable with simple design and minimum expenditure, else PI controller makes offset to zero though it possesses higher settling times. In other words, PID controller is complex using more tuning parameters, need expensive maintenance, and has resulted an intermittent noise in the output signal.

Water Flow Control Valve

A water flow control valve is very important tool as per mechanical industry. Present invention in general relates to the field of mechanical engineering and more specifically to water flow control valve, which comprises of Y shape pipe and on/off circle ring. Controlling the water flow is not easy task it is time consuming and simultaneously required more labor which is both slow and exhausting task. Also in simple "Y" shape pipe (two different directions), one cannot control the flow or direction in that shape. Thus there is an urgent need to design and develop am improved system or device for controlling the flow of water. Many attempts are made for the same and few of them are discussed below. CN104373661A discloses power-off protection type water flow control valve. A magnet is fixed to a valve rod, a coil can drive the valve rod, which is driven by the magnet, to move vertically in a reciprocating mode, and a control circuit makes the valve be opened or closed through control over the current direction of the coil. Compared with the prior art, the power-off protection type water flow control valve has the advantages of being capable of effectively lowering the using cost of a user, long in service life, capable of performing water flow protection in case of power-off and providing a manual opening and closing function so that using can be not affected for the user even under the power-off condition, reliable in performance, capable of being assembled or manufactured in an integrated mode and convenient to produce; the opening or closing state can be kept without current, and energy consumption is low.

High-Density Bio-PE and Pozzolan Based Composites: Formulation and Prototype Design for Control of Low Water Flow.

An eco-friendly solution to produce new material for the material extrusion process is to use quarry waste as filler for biopolymer composites. A quarry waste that is still studied little as a filler for polymer composites is pozzolan. In this study, the optimization of the formulations and processing parameters of composites produced with pozzolan and bio-based polyethylene for 3D printing technology was performed. Furthermore, a precision irrigation system in the form of a drip watering cup was designed, printed, and characterized. The results showed that the presence of the pozzolan acted as a reinforcement for the composite material and improved the cohesion between the layers of the 3D printed objects. Furthermore, the optimization of the process conditions made it possible to print pieces of complex geometry and permeable parts for the control of the water flow rates with an order of magnitude in the range from mL/h to mL/day.

Analysing the Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Ecosystem Services in Laguna del Sauce (Uruguay) Using the SWAT Model and Remote Sensing Data

Assessing how climate change will affect hydrological ecosystem services (HES) provision is necessary for long-term planning and requires local comprehensive climate information. In this study, we used SWAT to evaluate the impacts on four HES, natural hazard protection, erosion control regulation and water supply and flow regulation for the Laguna del Sauce catchment in Uruguay. We used downscaled CMIP-5 global climate models for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 projections. We calibrated and validated our SWAT model for the periods 2005–2009 and 2010–2013 based on remote sensed ET data. Monthly NSE and R2 values for calibration and validation were 0.74, 0.64 and 0.79, 0.84, respectively. Our results suggest that climate change will likely negatively affect the water resources of the Laguna del Sauce catchment, especially in the RCP 8.5 scenario. In all RCP scenarios, the catchment is likely to experience a wetting trend, higher temperatures, seasonality shifts and an increase in extreme precipitation events, particularly in frequency and magnitude. This will likely affect water quality provision through runoff and sediment yield inputs, reducing the erosion control HES and likely aggravating eutrophication. Although the amount of water will increase, changes to the hydrological cycle might jeopardize the stability of freshwater supplies and HES on which many people in the south-eastern region of Uruguay depend. Despite streamflow monitoring capacities need to be enhanced to reduce the uncertainty of model results, our findings provide valuable insights for water resources planning in the study area. Hence, water management and monitoring capacities need to be enhanced to reduce the potential negative climate change impacts on HES. The methodological approach presented here, based on satellite ET data can be replicated and adapted to any other place in the world since we employed open-access software and remote sensing data for all the phases of hydrological modelling and HES provision assessment.

The Characteristic of Variable Frequency Drive for Water Flow Control in the SFC Plant

One of several techniques to control fluid flow-rate through a pump is using variable frequency drive. This paper presents how experiment be able to perceive the characteristic of variable frequency drive (VFD) to control water flow-rate in the Simulator Flow Control (SFC) plant. The SFC plant is developed for a fluid course learning simulator. The user would be able to set the desired value of frequency or flow-rate through a convenient interface. To provide it, the characteristic of VFD-frequency-to-flow-rate must be firstly observed, as reported in this paper. The fluid flow-rate control is designed without an electric valve, but using VFD to drive the 250 Watt water pump. In this first development, the SFC Plant successfully work with various water flow-rate from 2 Liter per minute until 20 Liter per minute by changing the frequency input of VFD. The water flow-rate was measured by manual rotameter, the flow sensor has not been applied yet in this first development. In this experiment, the VFD’s frequency was set from 10 Hz to 36 Hz with 2 Hz intervals. Result showed that VFD frequency is proportional to water flow-rate. The higher frequency given to VFD, the faster rotational motor of water pump generated and then given rise to water flow-rate. Using linear graphic approach, the characteristic is shown through the linearity coefficient of 0,68 and constant value of 3.43. This characteristic value would be useful for open-loop-control and user interface programming in next step of development.

Construction of Flow Control Structures as an Essential Condition for Increasing the Efficiency of Hydropower Facilities in Mountainous Regions

The hydropower industry of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR) is weakened by the absence of flow control structures. Due to the extremely weak flow control of the mountain rivers utilized by hydropower structures, the total production and economic effect of the operating power units is rather low. This circumstance determines the highest seasonal variability of the annual flow — compared to summer months, the capacity of power plants is reduced in winter by almost 5–6 times. It is obvious that it is almost impossible to utilize the entire capacity of river flows. At the same time, it is unacceptable when no more than 20% of the flow capacity is actually used, which leads to extremely low efficiency of expensive power units. The objective of this research is to study the engineering and economical feasibility of controlling the flow of mountain rivers of KBR, to study the possibility of creating an optimal water pressure by constructing water storage facilities, to assess mountain-valley landscapes and select specific cross-sections for the construction of priority flow control facilities. To achieve this objective, the following tasks were solved: - study the conditions of water flow control for glacier-fed mountain rivers; - formulate preliminary flow control schemes within the selected cross-sections; - assess natural properties of watercourses and their relevance for the construction of flow control facilities; search high-mountain lakes suitable for river flow accumulation in the first approximation; - substantiate a suitable sequence of construction of flow control facilities; - assess the approaches to seasonal and long-term water flow rate forecasting as an essential condition for optimizing the operation of hydropower units.