Control System In Order Research Articles

Adaptive Traffic Management System using CNN (YOLO)

The huge number of vehicles on the roadways is making congestion a significant problem. The line longitudinal vehicle waiting to be processed at the crossroads increases quickly, and the traditionally used traffic signals are not able to program it properly. Manual traffic monitoring may be an onerous job since a number of cameras are deployed over the network in traffic management centers. The proactive decision-making of human operators, which would decrease the effect of events and recurring road congestion, might contribute to the easing of the strain of automation.The traffic control frameworks in India are now needed as it is an open-loop control framework, without any input or detection mechanism. Inductive loops and sensors employed in existing technology used to detect the number of passing vehicles. The way traffic lights are adapted is highly inefficient and costly in this existing technology. The aim was to build a traffic control framework by introducing a system for detection ,which gives an input to the existing system (closed loop control system) in order to adapt to the changing traffic density patterns and to provide the controller with a crucial indication for ongoing activities. By this technique, the improvement of the signals on street is extended and thus saves time by preventing traffic congestion. This study proposes an algorithm for real-time traffic signal control, depending on the traffic flow. In reality, the features of competitive traffic flow at the signposted road crossing are used by computer vision and by machine learning. This is done by the latest, real-time object identification, based on convolutional Neural Networks network called You Look Once (YOLO). Traffic signal phases are then improved by data acquired in order to allow more vehicles to pass safely over minimal wait times, particularly the line long and the time of waiting per vehicle.This adjustable traffic signal timer is used to calculate traffic density utilizing YOLO object identification using live pictures of cameras in intervals and adjusts the signal timers appropriately, therefore decreasing the road traffic congestion, ensuring speedier transit for persons, and reducing fuel consumption. The traffic conditions will improve enormously at a relatively modest cost. Inductive loops are a viable but costly approach. This method thereby cuts expenses and outcomes quickly.

Analyzing Management Control Systems between Principal Owners of Facilities and Subsidiaries in the Chemical Industry

The purpose of this study is to analyze how managers of sections that belong to the chemical industry make use of management control systems (MCS) in order to facilitate relationships between the labor force of the owner enterprise and employees of outsourced companies, through collaboration and daily bases of coworking. It intends to consider how they allocate their available resources to the contractor characteristics and how, together, they confront external factors. The research strategy is based on a case study in which the uses of MCS by the most relevant Spanish chemical contractor influence the relationship with subcontractors in terms of strategic goals, trust, risk management or performance evaluation. Findings derived from four semi-structured interviews conducted with the central contractor and three subcontractors belonging to each of the three separate activities’ categories suggest that using MCS as controlling or enabling, in this setting, can have lasting and deep effects in the alignment of subcontractors’ strategic orientation to match the contractor’s, in the unification of risk management mechanisms, in the enhanced trust and collaboration in the coworking space, as well as in the performance evaluation criteria applied.

RESEARCH ON QUALITY CONTROL METHOD OF LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION DATA ORIENTED TO NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CONDITION MONITORING

Abstract. Aiming at the quality problems of the land cover classification data, such as missing update of changed spots, overrun of spot collection accuracy, incorrect spot classification, and inconsistencies between the filling of the change types of map spots and technical regulations, had been found during the quality inspection of the national geographic condition monitoring in China. This paper analyzed the key production factors, processes and causes that affect the process quality of the land cover classification data, and proposed the concept of the whole production quality control, and discussed the quality control measures to improve the land cover classification product. The research based on the new requirements of the whole-process quality control system in order to solve the quality problem-oriented production quality control method, could improve the quality of land cover classification product and provided reference for the quality control of the production process of related engineering projects in the future.

Power system frequency control enhancement by optimization of wind energy control system

Abstract Future trends are increasingly directed towards replacing traditional energy sources by new and renewable energy ones, with Wind Energy coming first in the row of these sources worldwide. The Egyptian electric power system still has a relatively low penetration level, around 3%, of Wind Energy to its generation mix. However, it is planned to increase this ratio to 14.6% by the year 2035. This paper studies the frequency dynamics associated with significant penetration levels of Wind Energy into the Egyptian grid, which leads to reducing the overall system inertia. The control strategy adopted depends on maximizing the wind energy contribution to frequency control, in order to compensate that reduction of system inertia. The Real data of the Egyptian power system model used is verified by the National Electricity Control Centre, updated to the latest values declared and tested under the lowest and highest loads recorded. A modified control loop is added to the control system in order to allow the Wind Energy Conversion System to significantly contribute to the Load Frequency Control. The PI controller gains used in that loop are tuned using three methods; Local Unimodal Sampling, Harmony Search Algorithm and Equilibrium Optimizer (EO). The Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) proved its superiority to the other methods, as it gave the best dynamic response. The simulated results are presented using MATLAB/SMULINK.

SISTEM PENGENDALIAN PEMESANAN BAHAN BAKU SUSU BUBUK SERTA KEBIJAKANNYA

Formula milk production companies are faced with an optimal ordering control system. The availability of raw materials is a measure of the performance of the ordering system at a low cost. This research was conducted to determine the optimal order point with a minimum ordering cost. Ordering decision making is considered from company policy because of the budget. The results of this study indicate that the frequency of purchasing raw materials is 9 times the purchase of raw materials in one year period, 12 times a year of policy. The total purchase of raw material inventories was Rp. 48,671,774, and the policy was Rp. 50,765,157.35 per year. The savings in ordering costs amounted to Rp. 2,093,383.35. The reorder point is 5,634 pcs.

Hepatitis E: update and perspectives

Introduction. There are approximately 20 million cases of HVE annually worldwide, leading to approximately 3.3 million symptomatic cases of acute hepatitis E. The WHO estimates that HEV caused approximately 44,000 deaths in 2015 accounting for 3.3% of the mortality rate due to viral hepatitis.
 Material and methods. The study of 75 bibliographic sources was carried out. The scientific platforms EMBASE, PubMed, HINARI, data from the national libraries as well as international relevant reference data were thoroughly examined.
 Results. The present relevant study has highlighted important aspects of hepatitis E virus infection. Along with the improved living conditions and water quality standards, the latter being a disease-causing factor in the transmission of HEV, both the developed and developing countries are facing HEV, particularly in high-risk population groups, including people who are employed in the pork-processing industry and beneficiaries of blood transfusions.
 Conclusions. The countries' capacity to detect and control this infection is limited since it has not been included within the surveillance policies and programs yet. Risk factors associated with the epidemic process should be elucidated to provide and develop appropriate evidence-based measures to optimize the surveillance and control system in order to reduce the risk of contracting HEV and maintain favorable conditions for epidemiological safety.

Model Predictive Direct Power Control of Three-Port Solid-State Transformer for Hybrid AC/DC Zonal Microgrid Applications

Multi-port solid-state transformer (SST) characterized by high scalability is expected to be widely used in AC/DC hybrid microgrid. However, the DC bus voltage deviation and dynamic response speed are two key issues in its application. Therefore, a model predictive direct power control (MPDPC) of the three-port SST (TPSST) is proposed. Compared with the traditional PI-based method, the oscillation of the DC bus voltage is inhibited, and the steady-state performance is improved with the MPDPC method. Moreover, a direct power path is incorporated into the control system in order to integrate the rectifier and dual active bridge (DAB) stage. This power path delivers the power required by the load to the DAB stage and the rectifier stage for power control, thereby improving the dynamic response of the system in the process. Besides, since the MPDPC strategy is a control scheme for the whole system, the design of the control system is simplified. Finally, a low power prototype has been built and tested, and the experimental comparison with the traditional voltage control (TVC) and model predictive voltage control (MPVC) method verifies the efficiency improvement of the proposed control strategy.

Parallel robot for knee rehabilitation: Reduced order dynamic linear model, mechanical assembly and control system architecture

In this work we present the development of a dynamic linear model of a 3UPS+1RPU parallel robot for knee rehabilitation, which allows the reduction of the error with respect to simulation carried out based on its non-linear model. Furthermore, the design and implementation of a control algorithm in a real robot is detailed, for which a dynamic linear model has been developed based on inertial parameters including a friction model in Coulomb and viscosity parameters. Subsequently, the linear model has reduced applying the numerical method of decomposition into singular values, resulting in a model expressed as function of base parameters. This method uses a base parameter identification path obtained by finite Fourier series. This path is optimized through minimization algorithms restricted by distance, velocity and acceleration of the linear actuators of the robot, as well as the working space of its spherical joints. Then, the compatibility level of the reduced dynamic model is quantified by estimating mean square error determined between the generalized forces of the independent joints obtained from the model and compared with those resulting from simulations performed in Adams/View software for a trajectory obtained by finite Fourier series. Afterwards, mechanical components involved in the implementation of the prototype are selected and the control system of its actuators is designed. Finally, tests are performed in a laboratory through photogrammetry equipment, in order to validate joints mobility in the robot and study its performance, for this task defined trajectories based on criteria of a physiotherapist are used.

Parallel robot for knee rehabilitation: Reduced order dynamic linear model, mechanical assembly and control system architecture

In this work we present the development of a dynamic linear model of a 3UPS+1RPU parallel robot for knee rehabilitation, which allows the reduction of the error with respect to simulation carried out based on its non-linear model. Furthermore, the design and implementation of a control algorithm in a real robot is detailed, for which a dynamic linear model has been developed based on inertial parameters including a friction model in Coulomb and viscosity parameters. Subsequently, the linear model has reduced applying the numerical method of decomposition into singular values, resulting in a model expressed as function of base parameters. This method uses a base parameter identification path obtained by finite Fourier series. This path is optimized through minimization algorithms restricted by distance, velocity and acceleration of the linear actuators of the robot, as well as the working space of its spherical joints. Then, the compatibility level of the reduced dynamic model is quantified by estimating mean square error determined between the generalized forces of the independent joints obtained from the model and compared with those resulting from simulations performed in Adams/View software for a trajectory obtained by finite Fourier series. Afterwards, mechanical components involved in the implementation of the prototype are selected and the control system of its actuators is designed. Finally, tests are performed in a laboratory through photogrammetry equipment, in order to validate joints mobility in the robot and study its performance, for this task defined trajectories based on criteria of a physiotherapist are used.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE FLOTATION PROCESS OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

The article discusses the creation of an algorithm and the synthesis of a two-loop automatic control system for level and density, instead of the current single-loop one. Aim. Density stabilization and stabilization of the flotation machine power supply by creating a two-circuit automatic level and density control system in order to improve the quality of the final product. Materials and methods. Since there is no net lag in the system, the controller is tuned using the parametric optimization method, namely: according to the criteria of modular (MO) or symmetric optimum (CO). The MO/CO criterion is also used to adjust the contour. All automatic control systems are obtained in the MATLAB Simulink software package. Control quality is measured by metrics such as transient time, overshoot, and system error. The first two indicators show the dynamics of the process, and the last indicator shows the accuracy of the system. Conclusion. The finished two-loop automatic control system, developed in the software package MATLAB Simulink, according to the analysis of the obtained process parameters, provides stabilization of the density and level in the agitation tank for flotation.

A Time-Series Rank Ordering Control System Data-Driven Fault Detection Approach for HVAC Systems in Buildings

Abstract About 41% of total energy consumption in the United States of year 2014 is used for heating and air conditioning, which is about 40 quadrillion (40 × 1015) British thermal units (BTUs). Despite the fact that people have been working on fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for a long time, very few publications have focused on scalability and low cost. To address this challenge, we will propose an approach that focuses on control system data. Several machine learning algorithms are introduced for data exploration (e.g., DBSCAN, k-means) and analysis, rank-ordered weather data are used to define comparable days, a control system data focused model free approach is presented as well, and finally, fault detection is carried out by implementing anomaly algorithms (local outlier factor and isolation forest). Hidden faults were detected with a detection rate up to 90%+. The threshold parameter can be determined by selecting an acceptable true positive and false positive rate pair, which can be visualized using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and is demonstrated in this article. A simulation model that is used to generate about 250 GB of data is used to evaluate the performance of various algorithms.

СУЩНОСТЬ, ЦЕЛИ И ЗАДАЧИ АНАЛИЗА ФИНАНСОВОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ХОЗЯЙСТВУЮЩЕГО СУБЪЕКТА И ЕГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ В СИСТЕМЕ КОМПЛАЕНС-КОНТРОЛЯ

This article raises the problem of improving the analysis of the financial condition of an eco-nomic entity and its use in the compliance control system. The main tasks of using the analysis in the compliance control system in order to increase the efficiency of corporate management of the economic activity of an economic entity have been determined. It is emphasized that the analysis of the financial condition is one of the mandatory components of both internal control and compliance control, the differences in the use of the analysis results are analyzed. It is concluded that the role of financial analysis and its use in the compliance control system in order to improve the efficiency of corporate governance is constantly increasing in order to prevent compliance risks and regulatory risks due to external influence of supervisors.

Study of freight control systems for Arctic regions

The paper presents the main results of the study of the cargo delivery control system in the Arctic zone. The authors hypothesized the need to generate information about the disadvantages of the cargo delivery control system in order to select and make effective decisions on changing this system. It is determined that the current control system has a number of problems that impede the management of cargo transportation, which require identification and updating of organizational and economic methods for their elimination due to the special interest in the Arctic at the current stage of its development. The study utilized the methods of applied sociology – the method of expert assessment with subsequent processing. A score scale with verbal characteristic was introduced, the use of which by expert respondents made it possible to quantify the significance of the disadvantages of the cargo delivery control system in the Arctic zone. The survey was conducted among experts from among forwarding operators carrying out specialized activities in the region, according to a pre-formed questionnaire. The results of the study show that the control quality is declining, as well as that the problems of controlling the cargo delivery to the Arctic zone are now quite relevant. The paper concludes on the need to develop organizational and economic methods to control the delivery of goods to the Arctic zone. Organizational and economic methods are proposed, in particular, the formation of a single transport operator of the Northern Supply Haul and a self-regulatory organization of forwarding operators.

К ВОПРОСУ ОБ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ ПРОЦЕССА ОСВЕЩЕНИЯ ОБСТАНОВКИ В АСУ ВМФ

Current development of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is determined by advancing information technologies. The role of information support in the Navy is constantly growing and is crucial in military decision-making. The article deals with the conceptual approach to the integrated automation of situation awareness in the Navy’s computer-aided control system in order to enhance forces/troops management by providing the force command and military authority officers/ operators with analytical data obtained through acquisition and processing of situation information. For automation upgrade and effective management, the mathematical models of data processing represented by linear differential firstdegree equations are given. These models describe the kinetics of various generated information resources and show analytical solutions of the volume of output information resources versus the volume of initial data and conversion rate.

Performance Optimisation of Coal-fired Boiler Control using Flownex® Simulation Environment and AI

ABSTRACT The inherent variability of renewable energy sources, pump storage plants and combined cycle gas turbines implies that coal-fired plants designed for continuous base load generation in South Africa must now be used for variable load. This has a negative effect on the overall efficiency and life expectancy of these plants. The challenge is, therefore, to balance the network demands with the power station operation, its thermal efficiency, availability and extended plant life expectancy. The focus of the current research is to monitor and optimise the efficiency of the boiler operation and control through modelling of the boiler subsystems during transient states. Flownex® Simulation Environment was used to model a generic boiler and a boiler control system in order to simulate thermo-fluid processes and critical boiler controllers. The developed model was evaluated based on plant data and optimised afterwards by means of PID controllers and Machine Learning algorithms. The process parameters obtained from the Machine Learning algorithms outperform that of the PID controllers for the selected controllers, such as: boiler load control and steam pressure control. Additional keywords: Power generation, boiler control, boiler modelling.

Gestión administrativa de las instituciones de educación superior: Universidad Católica de Cuenca-Ecuador

Higher education institutions regardless of their geographical-social context must maintain continuous improvement processes in the various value-generating activities related to teaching, links with the community and research, as well as enabling activities, which is why it is necessary to have with a solid and effective internal control system in order to obtain efficiency, effectiveness and population satisfaction. Therefore, the objective is to analyze the administrative management of higher education institutions, in the case of the Academic Unit of Administration at the Catholic University of Cuenca-Ecuador through the evaluation of internal control applying the model proposed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, to contribute to its improvement. The methodology is descriptive framed in a qualitative, cross-sectional and deductive approach, supported by the literature review. The results reveal a confidence level of 68% and a risk level of 32%. Concluding that the weaknesses established in administrative management respond to the lack of risk plans, contingency procedures,

Regulatory Comparative Quality Systems of India and USA and its Significance in Pharmaceutical Industry Facilities

The intentions of the current study are to compare the regulatory requirements of USFDA and CDSCO-Schedule M in GMP with significance to the pharmaceutical industry to speed up the criteria for enforcement to facilitate the regulatory approval of specified pharmaceutical products in the United States and India. The literature search is done using different resources, such as regulatory authority websites, pharmaceutical review articles, journals and public domains. To discuss the numerous dilemmas, root causes and challenges confront by pharmaceutical companies and to suggest remedial and pro-active measures to GMP issues and all pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to develop and enforce effective quality control systems in order to ensure quality. Whereas the regulated markets like the United States have well-established guidance compared to emerging markets like India on good manufacturing practice compliance, to assess the effectiveness of this quality management systems, inspections are carried out on manufacturing units. The primary objective of the analysis is to differentiate between the type of application or license that causes the inspection and the outcome of the inspection and to also provide enough details identified by the authority during the evaluation.

Alcohol retail privatisation in Canadian provinces between 2012 and 2017. Is decision making oriented to harm reduction?

Policy changes may contribute to increased alcohol-related risks to populations. These include privatisation of alcohol retailing, which influences density of alcohol outlets, location of outlets, hours of sale and prevention of alcohol sales to minors or intoxicated customers. Meta-analyses, reviews and original research indicate enhanced access to alcohol is associated with elevated risk of and actual harm. We assess the 10 Canadian provinces on two alcohol policy domains-type of alcohol control system and physical availability of alcohol-in order to track changes over time, and document shifting changes in alcohol policy. Our information was based on government documents and websites, archival statistics and key informant interviews. Policy domains were selected and weighted for their degree of effectiveness and population reach based on systematic reviews and epidemiological evidence. Government representatives were asked to validate all the information for their jurisdiction. The province-specific reports based on the 2012 results showed that 9 of 10 provinces had mixed retail systems-a combination of government-run and privately owned alcohol outlets. Recommendations in each provincial report were to not increase privatisation. However, by 2017 the percentage of off-premise private outlets had increased in four of these nine provinces, with new private outlet systems introduced in several. Decision-making protocols are oriented to commercial interests and perceived consumer convenience. If public health and safety considerations are not meaningfully included in decision-making protocols on alcohol policy, then it will be challenging to curtail or reduce harms.

Multidimensional scaling analysis of generalized mean discrete-time fractional order controllers

The dynamics of discrete-time fractional order control systems depends on the method used for implementing the fractional derivatives and integrals. A reliable numerical approach adopts the generalized mean of the continuous to discrete conversion. The extra freedom provided by the proposed method must be carefully optimized by the user. This paper investigates the use of multidimensional scaling for evaluating and visualizing the performance of generalized mean discrete-time fractional controllers. Two alternative performance indices are adopted for comparing the time and frequency responses of the controlled system when adopting different combinations of the parameters. Numerical experiments with a fractional PID and two linear plants demonstrate the feasibility of the method for comparing and visualizing multiple test cases.

A New Control Performance Evaluation Based on LQG Benchmark for the Heating Furnace Temperature Control System

Temperature control systems are a series of processes with large time-delay and non-linear characteristics. Research shows that using fractional-order modeling and corresponding control strategies can better control these processes. At the same time, the existing studies for control performance assessment are almost committed to the integer order control systems, and the methods used in few literatures on performance assessment of fractional order systems are also one-sided. This paper applies the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) evaluation benchmark to the performance evaluation of fractional-order control systems for the first time, starting with the LQG evaluation benchmark considering the input and output performance. The LQG benchmark can be obtained by the analytical algorithm, which simplifies the complexity of LQG solution. Finally, taking the application of the fractional predictive function control (FO-PFC) controller in the experiment of industrial heating furnace temperature control as an example, the effectiveness of the LQG benchmark is verified.