Power Supply Control Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF A RELIABILITY MODEL THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT CHANGES IN THE STATE OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Statistic data concerning the trolleybuses operations in Ukraine prove that reliability of traction electric engines has been reduced for subjective and objective reasons over the past 10-15 years. New developments and the use of technologies are therefore needed for more effective use of the known technical equipment, its modernization, reliability improvement and extending the service life. To determine the effectiveness of trolleybus operation on the route, the modern methods of reliability assessment of the traction electric engines are used, which allow to get adequate characteristics of the structure, functional links of parts and units. Improving public transport services is linked to the efficient operation of urban electric transport. It depends on the capabilities and quality of individual components and units of rolling stock. In addition, power supply and traffic control systems play an important role. An important technical and economic indicator of quality for each technical system of electric transport or product is the concept of reliability, which characterizes the level of operating conditions of the main elements and characteristics of traction electric motors. One of the main criteria for the reliability of traction motors is the reliability of operation during operation. The conditions of operation of electric machines of trolley buses are analyzed and the main directions of increasing their operational reliability are determined. The nature of the change in the state of structural units of an electric machine during operation has been established. A mathematical model of reliability has been developed that takes into account changes in the state of structural units of an electric machine.

Thermal Analyses of Power Electronics Integrated with Vapour Chamber Cooling

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power module is used for power switching transistor devices in the power supply and motor control circuits in both hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles. The target of heat flux of IGBT is continuously increasing due to the demand for power rating improvements and miniaturisation. Without suitable efficient cooling technologies, excessively high temperature and uneven temperature distribution can cause high thermal stress, eventually leading to severe module failures. Therefore, highly efficient cooling solutions are highly required. Vapour chamber with phase change can provide quick heat transfer and low temperature gradient. This study proposes a new IGBT structure integrated with vapour chamber. The tests and simulation results indicate that the thermal and thermo-mechanical performances of IGBT integrated with vapour chamber are better than those of the IGBT with copper baseplate module. The thermal resistance between the junction and heat sink is reduced from 0.25 to 0.14 °C/W, and the temperature uniformity is greatly improved due to the phase change in the vapour chamber. The simulation also investigates the thermal stress distribution, deformation and thermal fatigue lifespan of IGBT power electronics module. A reduction of 21.8% in thermal stress and an increase of 9% in lifespan of Sn–3.5Ag solder are achieved.

An experimental study of the effects of the acoustical load on the piezoelectric transducers performance

In this work, we have studied the electrical response of a sandwiched piezoelectric transducer as a function of the height of a water column used as an acoustical load. This study covers investigations about the behavior of resonance, anti-resonance, electromechanical coupling factor, motional resistance, and mechanical loss. The results show that the performance of the transducer is dependent on the acoustic load. The heights where the conversion is maximum coincides with the minimum value for the mechanical loss. These results can be used for the design of the hardware in ultrasonic systems that include dynamical resonance tracking and control of power supply.

Optimized Non-sinusoidal Power Supply in High-Power Multiphase Induction Motor Drive Based on Harmonic Parameter Analysis

A non-sinusoidal power supply is usually applied in a multiphase induction motor drive in order to improve the torque density with harmonic current injection. The harmonic parameters in the motor are essential for harmonic current proportion derivation. In the present work, detailed inductance parameters are derived, and an optimized non-sinusoidal power supply is proposed based on harmonic parameter analysis. The traditional method considers only air-gap flux density distribution optimization, while the yoke flux density is ignored. The proposed method focuses on optimizing the air-gap flux density and yoke flux density simultaneously. The proposed method improves the stator iron utilization, and the torque density and efficiency are enhanced under heavy loads. Finally, 15 kW and 630 kW nine-phase motor drives are constructed, and the proposed non-sinusoidal power supply control strategy is validated experimentally.

전기저장장치의 제어전원용 2-포트 서지보호장치의 설계 및 구현에 관한 연구

전기저장장치의 제어전원용 2-포트 서지보호장치의 설계 및 구현에 관한 연구

Implementation and design of the control system for poloidal field power supply

• Three layers of subsystems are constructed for the control system of EAST poloidal field power supply. • Architecture based on real-time system and high speed communication network is proposed to make control loops on power supply controllers running at strict cycle-time. • Handy human-machine interface and sensitive alarming mechanism based on EPICS are achieved to monitor the power system. • Unified external clock and external trigger scheme are developed to enhance the data acquisition management system. This paper introduces the architecture and characteristics of the poloidal field power supply, and describes the architecture of its control system, which is composed of data acquisition management system, operation monitoring system and real-time control system. According to the characteristics of the control system, a data acquisition management system based on Qt, an operation monitoring system based on EPICS and the real-time control system is based on Linux real-time kernel are designed. The control system realizes real-time control of EAST poloidal field power supply system in 1 ms cycle time, and the equipment status detection and monitoring, data acquisition, storage and inspection. Several experiments have proved that the control system definitely meets the requirements of the poloidal field power supply control system in the complex situations under magnetic fields.

Design of control algorithm for accelerator magnet power supply with large time constant load

High Energy Photon Source-Test Facility (HEPS-TF) is a pre-research project for the construction of high energy synchrotron radiation source in the 12th five-year plan period. The purpose is to research the key technology and develop the key equipment of high energy synchrotron radiation source. Superconducting 3W1 magnet is the first self-developed superconducting wiggler magnet in China, and it is also one of the key research topics of HEPS. The author has completed a new digital closed-loop control algorithm for the superconducting 3W1 magnet with large load time constant and the nonlinear characteristics of inductance increasing with current, namely three-branch structure algorithm. In the face of the rapid development of high energy accelerator technology, the application of intelligent technology has become an inevitable development trend in the field of accelerator magnet power supply technology. Although the digital control of accelerator magnet power supply has been widely used, it is the first time to apply the new closed-loop control algorithm to realize fast adjustment and precision tracking in accelerator superconducting magnet power supply in China. According to the nonlinear characteristics of inductance and output current of superconducting magnet, a new digital closed-loop control algorithm for the load of superconducting magnet power supply with large time constant is proposed. This algorithm is quite different from the traditional algorithm and can attain the independent tracking and adjustment of the control target. Finally, by testing the ripple, error and stability of superconducting 3W1 magnet power supply, the correctness, practicability and reliability of power supply system as well as the digital control algorithm are verified. The results provide a new idea for the control of accelerator magnet power supply.

Design and implementation of a novel wireless modular capsule robotic system in pipe

Capsule endoscopy is a new type of technology in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases, with painless and low invasive features. However, current capsule robots have many problems, such as over-sized, single function and lack of active locomotion control. This study proposed and designed a new wireless modular capsule robotic system in pipe. The modular capsule robots could move forward and backward in the pipe in the axial direction, turn in a bending environment, and achieve the rendezvous and separation action through the three-dimensional rotating magnetic field generated by the three-axis Helmholtz coils. In this paper, the drive system of the three-axis Helmholtz coils, the power supply control system, and the modular capsule robot structure were analyzed and designed respectively. Finally, a series of characterization experiments were carried out to evaluate the motion characteristics of the modular capsule robots, including the influence of the flow environment imitated to human body's gastrointestinal motility, the frequency of the input signal, and the different structure of the robots on the movement characteristics of the modular capsule robot in this study. The study also evaluated the turning characteristics of robots. Experimental results showed that under different circumstances, modular capsule robots had good motion characteristics, and the effectiveness of the modular functionality had also been verified.

Design of an Input-Series Flyback Power Supply for Ultra-Wide Input Voltage Range Applications

In view of the inconvenient power taking, bulky volume, poor anti-fluctuation capability, high cost and complicated control of ultra-wide input-voltage mine-used power supply, a low cost design scheme of ultra-wide input-voltage power supply based on input-series flyback is proposed. The switching power supply scheme adopts conventional MOSFET to realize the self-adaptability under ultra-wide input-voltage range. In this paper, the circuit structure and working principle of mine-used power supply and the design of multi-channel synchronous pulse drive circuit are introduced in detail, and the feasibility of the circuit design is verified by experimental prototype. The experimental results show that the power supply scheme is not only simple in circuit design and low in cost, but also has the advantages of strong input-voltage adaptability, high conversion efficiency, good voltage sharing effect and the like, which is suitable for mining electrical equipment with multiple input-voltage levels.

Wind tunnel and flight tests of glider flow separation control by microsecond dielectric barrier discharge

As a new kind of active flow control technology, plasma flow control has a bright future, for its simple structure, fast response, and wide frequency band. The wind tunnel and flight tests were conducted with microsecond dielectric barrier discharge on a glider. For the tests, the microsecond pulse power supply and remote control system were designed and built. In the wind tunnel test, the flow separation on the glider wing surface can be controlled effectively, and static pressure at the leading edge pressure is decreases by 177%. The flow control effects under different pulse frequencies are compared, and the optimal pulse frequency for actuation is found to be 100 Hz. A significant hysteresis effect was observed with microsecond dielectric barrier discharge at small angle of attack (α ≤ 18°), which means the flow control effect can last more than 300 s after turning off the plasma actuation. In the flight test, the maximum roll angle decreases by 7.0°, and the maximum aileron deflection angle decreases by 9.4° with plasma actuation at both sides of the wing, which means the glider becomes more stable with microsecond dielectric barrier discharge. With unilateral actuation, the rolling moment generated by the plasma actuation is larger than that produced by the ailerons with the angle of attack within 12.94° ≤ α ≤ 29.77°, which shows strong rolling control ability of microsecond dielectric barrier discharge. The wind tunnel and flight tests results verified the flow control effect of microsecond dielectric barrier discharge, and paved the way for the plasma flow control technology to practical applications.

Displaying images on a plane of rotation via mutual inductance coupling wireless controls

This work presents an innovative display technique, which renders the image displaying capability to the plane of rotation by installing a rectilinear LED array. Basing on the persistence of vision of human eyes, the rotating scan of LEDs generates the stable display of images under the timing control. Because of the cyclic motions during the rotating scan, the timely display control signals have to be received wirelessly. Further considering the desire for long-time usages, the electricity supply is also required to be achieved through wireless energy harvest. As per these requirements, we present an implementation scenario based on the mutual inductance coupling of coaxial coils. During the rotation, the noncontact coils maintain the relative positions unchanged, thus preserve the reliable transmission of control signals and power supply in a stable electromagnetic environment. Also benefited from the mutual inductance coupling design, the construction of wireless communications is achieved by using a primitive micro-controller circuit. The hardware simplicity enables the setting up of ad hoc screens via a convenient refit of rotatable objects (e.g., vehicle wheels and propellers), and realizes fashionable and customizable consumer electronics with the additional information broadcasting function.

Intelligent Control Algorithm of Impulse Current for Two Stage Wide Input Marine Switching Power Supply

Wang, G. and Hu, Y., 2020. Intelligent control algorithm of impulse current for two stage wide input marine switching power supply. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 956–960. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to solve the problem of large ripple caused by high current pulse load in the operation of conventional ship power network, an intelligent control algorithm for shock current of two-stage wide input switching power supply for ships is proposed. Based on the variation law of disturbance period, the influence of frequency disturbance is analyzed, a steady-state large signal model is established, the small signal disturbance of switch frequency is calculated, the parallel current sharing technology is used to realize the parallel current sharing control of switch power supply, and the intelligent control algorithm of shock current of two-stage wide input ship switch power supply is completed. The experimental results show that, after using the proposed control algorithm, the secondary current and the primary current have a high degree of agreement, which indicates that it can effectively prevent the occurrence of excessive ripple caused by current pulse load.

Harmonic Currents Injection Strategy With Optimal Air Gap Flux Distribution for Multiphase Induction Machine

The proposed technique focuses on the nonsinusoidal power supply control strategy aiming to obtain the optimal air gap flux density distribution. The electrical constraints for the alignment between rotated fundamental and harmonic air gap flux are illustrated in detail. The supporting simulation is performed to analyze the misaligned angles between fundamental and harmonic air gap flux for the traditional methods. Different from traditional flux-oriented methods, the improved algorithm for harmonic currents injection is designed based on rotor flux orientated control in fundamental plane and air gap flux orientated control in harmonic planes. The synchronous and aligned control of the fundamental and harmonic air gap flux is achieved regardless of load condition. The experimental verification is implemented based on a multiphase driving platform using a seven-phase induction machine as prototype. Various scenarios are provided for the proposed control strategy comparing with the traditional ones in terms of induced electromotive force waveforms, harmonic currents, and advance angles of air gap flux. The simulated and experimental results validate the theoretical assumption and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

ESTNeT: a discrete event simulator for space-terrestrial networks

The capabilities of small satellites have improved significantly in recent years. Specifically multi-satellite systems become increasingly popular, since they allow the support of new applications. The development and testing of these multi-satellite systems is a new challenge for engineers and requires the implementation of appropriate development and testing environments. In this paper, a modular network simulation framework for space–terrestrial systems is presented. It enables discrete event simulations for the development and testing of communication protocols, as well as mission-based analysis of other satellite system aspects, such as power supply and attitude control. ESTNeT is based on the discrete event simulator OMNeT++ and will be released under an open source license.

Design of a gate driver for SiC MOSFET module for applications up to 1200 V

Nowadays new silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are available in the market and they are expected to replace, in the next few years, the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and Si-MOSFET in power electronic converters. SiC MOSFET transistors must be controlled by a dedicated circuit called ‘gate driver’ which ensures the switching orders transmission, the users’ safety and the switching cell integrity. The design of a gate driver dedicated to a SiC MOSFET module for applications up to 1200 V is described in this study. Galvanic isolation of control signals and power supplies, the power supply structure, SiC MOSFET switching orders and protection functions are detailed. Essential functions such as the short circuit detection and the implementation of the soft shut down are expanded. The developed gate driver is tested and validated. Experimental measurements allow for the validation of the good functioning of the developed gate driver in a highly disturbed environment.

Energy storage traction power supply system and control strategy for an electrified railway

To solve the negative sequence (NS) problem and enhance the regenerative braking energy (RBE) utilisation in an electrified railway, a novel energy storage traction power supply system (ESTPSS) is proposed in this study. In the new system, a power flow controller is adopted to compensate for the NS, and a super-capacitor energy storage system is applied to absorb and release the RBE. In addition, through the cooperation of each part, the proposed power supply system can provide continuous power without neutral sections. The NS compensation principle of the new system is illustrated. Depending on the operational state of the traction load, the control model is presented for different working patterns, including a regenerative braking pattern, a peak clipping pattern and a valley filling pattern. Moreover, a hierarchical control strategy including upper energy management and low-layer converter control is proposed, which effectively coordinate switches between the different working patterns. Finally, the validity of the control method and the excellent performance of the system are demonstrated by a case study. The results indicate that compared to a conventional TPSS, the ESTPSS increases the RBE utilisation of the system by 83%.

Knowledge representation model for intelligent power supply control system of special purpose control machines

The problem of automating the process of reconfiguring the power supply system of onboard radio-electronic equipment in special-purpose control machines in different operation modes is considered. It covers power supply from different power sources, both while parked and when moving by developing and introducing the intellectual management to the structure of an electric power supply system. The analysis of the existing devices used to provide mobile objects with electrical energy of a direct current is carried out. Their advantages and drawbacks are highlighted. The conclusion is drawn on the necessity of new product development – the P910 power supply control panel with an integrated intellectual power supply management system. The model of representation of knowledge of the intellectual management system offered by authors is based on the classic productional model specified regarding the mechanism of forming and creating the database and rule base structures. The process of synthesizing managing influences that are based on analysis of information that describes a system status of control machines’ power supply is formalized. The operation algorithm of the intellectual power supply management system is developed and the chart illustrating its work is provided. The 1887BE7T domestic microcontroller is offered for the implementation of the model.

Control of the gyrotron filament power supplies for the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak.

The electron cyclotron heating system including four gyrotrons is being developed in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The filament is an important part of the gyrotron, which is used to heat the cathode. The gyrotron output power can be controlled by adjusting the filament power. We have developed the filament power control and measurement system using Labview. The filament characteristics were tested using this power control system. The test results show that the filament current can be fitted with the e-exponential function of the filament voltage. It can be seen that as the voltage increases, the filament resistance gradually increases. We have developed a new "burst" function to prevent the beam current from dropping too fast, which is conducive to long pulse stable operation of the gyrotrons.

Bi-Level Optimal Strategy of Islanded Multi-Microgrid Systems Based on Optimal Power Flow and Consensus Algorithm

Aiming at problems of power allocation and economic scheduling for independent multi-microgrid systems, a bi-level optimization method based on optimal power flow and consensus algorithm is proposed. The novelty of the method is that an independent multi-microgrid system is divided into two layers: in the upper layer, with the predicted output range of the microgrids as the input data, each microgrid is considered as a virtual power supply or virtual load, and taking the minimum network loss as the goal, the energy mutual aid and power allocation among the microgrids are transformed into solving the optimal power flow; in the lower layer, taking the upper layer power distribution scheme as the constraint condition, considering load fluctuation and wind/solar generation uncertainty, the optimal dispatch model of the controllable distributed generator is established based on the distributed theory and the consensus algorithm of equal cost increment, and the "plug and play" of the distributed generator is also realized. An islanded multi-microgrid cluster is taken as an example to verify the economy, security, and reliability of the proposed scheme. The advantages of the scheme have been shown by the simulation example. Simulation results show that the upper-layer method not only realizes the optimal power allocation of microgrids, but also reduces the power loss of the energy mutual aid among the microgrids; through the optimal scheduling of controllable power supply in the microgrid, the lower-level scheme not only improves the economic benefit of the microgrid, but also well suppresses the negative effects of the uncertainties, prediction errors and power fault removal on the multi-microgrid system, which improves the robustness of the system.

Flow-control capability of electronic-substrate-sized power supply for a plasma actuator

Plasma actuators, which are very thin, light and flexible, are attractive fluid control devices; however, they require high voltage power supplies for driving. Installation of a high-voltage generation system on vehicles, such as cars and airplanes, which are separated from the fixed ground coordinate, is a big problem. In this study, a small and light electronic-substrate-sized high-voltage power supply was introduced for mounting a plasma actuator system on a small vehicle like a UAV. This small power supply generates high voltage by an LC series transient resonance circuit and a transformer and can output at least 7.3 kVpp with a base frequency of 6000 Hz for a plasma actuator with a discharge length of 1000 mm. This study investigated the capability of flow control of the present small power supply by focusing on the output voltage waveform, induced flow velocity in static gas, and separation control around the airfoil model, Also the small power supply is compared with a conventional large power supply which has been used in typical laboratory-scale experiments. The results indicate that the substrate-sized power supply is powerful enough for flow control around a small UAV.