Pretest-posttest Control Group Design Research Articles

An assessment of the efficacy of cognitive behavioral intervention for trauma in schools among student-residents at the Manila Boys’ Town Complex, Philippines

This study assessed the efficacy of the Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools (CBITS) in mitigating the impact of trauma on the behavior and academic performance of student- residents at the Manila Boys’ Town Complex, Philippines. Utilizing a pretest-posttest control group design, trauma symptoms were evaluated using the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). The study included 20 participants, divided equally into experimental and control groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, a non-parametric test used to compare two related samples, in this case, the pretest and posttest scores. The test revealed no statistically significant differences between pretest and posttest scores across six TSCC subscales: Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Posttraumatic Stress, Dissociation, and Sexual Concerns, at the .05 significance level. Despite the lack of significant statistical improvement, median posttest scores for the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, with scores of 61.5, 60, 51, 55.5, 58, and 64, compared to 64.5, 59.5, 52, 58.5, 61, and 74.5 for the control group across the respective subscales. These results suggest that while CBITS did not produce statistically significant outcomes, it may have a potentially positive effect on addressing trauma-related issues. The findings highlight the complexities involved in trauma intervention within educational settings and emphasize the need for culturally and contextually tailored approaches. Future research should consider increasing sample sizes and further adapting CBITS to enhance the reliability and applicability of the findings. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of trauma intervention strategies in public schools and underscores the necessity for ongoing exploration to optimize support for vulnerable student populations.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme Menggunakan Media Google Classroom untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Dasar-Dasar Desain Komunikasi Visual Kelas X di SMKN 3 Kuningan

This study aims to determine the learning outcomes of students using the constructivism method using google classroom media in the subject of Visual Communication Design Basics class X SMKN 3 Kuningan in 2023/2024. The method used was quantitative with the type of quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study is class X students of SMKN 3 Kuningan. The sample used in this study was divided into 2 classes (experimental and control) with a total of 72 students. The data collection techniques used in this study are tests and questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used in this study are using normality tests, homogeneity tests, hypothesis tests, validity tests, and reliability tests. The results of this study show that the learning outcomes of students in the subject of Fundamentals of Visual Communication Design of CorelDraw material in class X at SMKN 3 Kuningan before using the Constructivism learning model are still lacking with an average score of 77.78. Student learning outcomes in the subject of Fundamentals of Visual Communication Design CorelDraw material in class X at SMKN 3 Kuningan after using the Constructivism learning model are good with an average score of 84.72. There was a change in the learning model of Constructivism on student learning outcomes in the basic subjects of visual communication design

Efektivitas Penggunaan Video Pembelajaran Terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Permulaan Siswa di SDN 52 Kuranji

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of learning videos on students' initial reading skills at SDN 52 Kuranji. This study uses a quantitative approach with a type of quasi-experimental desgin research with a pretest posttest control group design model The samples in this study were taken using a random sampling technique consisting of two classes, namely class 1A with 22 students as the experimental class and class 1B with 21 students as the control class. The data collection technique of this study uses an oral initial reading test. Data analysis techniques used normality test using the shapiro wilk technique, homogeneity test and non-parametic test- Mann Whitney for hypothesis testing. The results of data analysis showed that in the experimental class, the average pretest and posttest scores were 50.90 and 77.18, while in the control class, the average pretest and posttest scores were 53.38 and 63.80. Testing this hypothesis was carried out with a significance level of 0.05. Based on the results of the processing, it is known that there is a significant difference between the two classes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of learning videos is effective on students' initial reading skills at SDN 52 Kuranji

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, And Intellectual) untuk Menigkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Ciawigebang

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing the SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual) learning model in improving the learning outcomes of class X SMA Negeri 1 Ciawigebang. SAVI is a somatic, auditory, visual intellectual learning approach and is supported by Accelerated Learning theory, Left Brain Theory, Right Brain Theory, Multiple Intelligence Theory and holistic (comprehensive) education. The SAVI approach is learning that combines physical movement with intellectual activity and the use of all the senses. This research uses a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population of class X which consists of 12 classes is 432 students. The sample for this research was 72 class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Ciawigebang who were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The experimental class was given the SAVI learning method while the control class used the conventional method. The design used in this research is nonequivalent control group design. Learning outcome data was obtained from the pretest and posttest. The data collection techniques used in this research were observation, tests and questionnaires. the results of hypothesis testing using the t-test showed that Tcount > Ttable (2.414 > 2.032) and the significance value was more than 0.05 (p=0.029 < 0.05), so it could be stated that there was a significant difference in the increase in learning outcome scores in Thus, it can be concluded that the experimental group and the control group show that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted

Integration of cognitive conflict in generative learning model to enhancing students’ creative thinking skills

In the complexity of the Fourth Industrial Revolution era, the importance of creative thinking is increasingly emphasized in the context of learning computing and algorithms. These skills are instrumental in inspiring innovative solutions, addressing complex challenges, and fostering the development of advanced technologies that characterize the transformative landscape of Industrial Revolution 4.0. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the generative learning model based on cognitive conflict in improving the creative thinking skills (CTS) and learning outcomes of students in the computational physics and algorithms & programming courses. This research used mixed methods consisting of pretest-posttest control group design and snowballing technique. The research instruments consist of cognitive tests, psychomotor tests, affective tests, CTS tests, observation questionnaires, and interviews. The research sample consisted of 138 students taking computational physics and algorithms & programming courses. Quantitative data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and qualitative data were analyzed using narrative analysis. The findings indicate that this model effectively improves students’ CTS and learning outcomes. Furthermore, the cognitive conflict aspect encourages students to be creative in analyzing and solving problems. This model has the potential to be used to optimize students’ potential in facing the demands of the fourth industrial revolution.

The effectiveness of competency-based global health education programs for medical students.

This study aimed to develop a competency-based global health education (GHE) program for medical students and analyze its effectiveness. The study had a pretest-posttest control group design. The program was developed based on the eight global health competency domains for medical students and implemented for 18 hours over 6 weeks beginning in September 2023. The intervention and control groups comprised 34 students and 41 students, respectively. The analytical methods used were t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of covariance. Experience with global health activities and pretest scores were controlled as covariates to exclude the effects of participants' general characteristics and pretest scores. The intervention group had outscored the control group on interest in a global health career and the necessity of GHE and also showed significantly higher posttest scores on global competence, global citizenship, and global health competence. Students were generally satisfied with the GHE program. A global health competency-based GHE program effectively increases medical students' interest in global health careers, their understanding of the need for GHE, and their global competence, global citizenship, and global health competence. This study is expected to promote GHE program development and research.

Black Tea Jelly Candy (Camellia Sinensis) to Increase Salivary Volume in Elderly: Preliminary Research

Background: Physiological changes in the elderly include decreased saliva production that causes dry mouth, difficulty in chewing and swallowing. Chewing gum and candies with a chewy texture like jelly can help stimulate the salivary glands. Black tea contains some phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have antioxidant properties that can increase the saliva flow rate. Objective: To determine the gap in saliva volume of elderly subjects before and after chewing black tea jelly candy compared to the saliva production when subjects chewed non-black tea candies and the control group (no treatment). This study also determined the prevalence of xerostomia in subjects. Materials and Methods: This field experiment was conducted using a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials design with a pretest-posttest control group design. 30 elderly subjects aged 45-90 years in the Tresna Werda Budi Mulia 1 Nursing home, Jakarta were selected based on the predetermined inclusion criteria. They signed the informed consent and answered the Summated Xerostomia Inventory Questionnaire (SXI). Salivary volume before and after chewing black tea jelly candy was measured using a measuring cup. Statistical tests consisting of Oneway ANOVA and Dependent T-Test were performed to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of elderly who complaining of xerostomia in this research was 40%. There was a significant gap in saliva volume between the three groups with p = 0.002 (P<0.05). An increase in saliva volume in the black tea jelly candy treatment group was identified. The average volume before intervention in the black tea jelly candy treatment group was 1.26 mL and after the intervention was 2.15 mL. Conclusion: Chewing black tea jelly candy increase the saliva volume in elderly subjects.

Effects of Evidence-based Intravenous Infusion Therapy Practice Education for Nursing Students Applying the Peer Teaching Method between Seniors and Juniors: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Purpose: This study aimed to organize a training program for nursing students using the peer teaching method between seniors and juniors and to investigate its effects on self-confidence, skill performance ability, and self-directed learning ability.Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The study population comprised 76 nursing students (experimental group, n=37; control group, n=39) from two universities. The experimental group received four training sessions of 2 hours each, during which peer teaching was applied between seniors and juniors. Data were collected between September 4 and September 15, 2023 and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 28.0.Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significant increases in self-confidence (t=4.36, p<.001), skill performance ability (t=4.74, p<.001), and selfdirected learning ability (t=2.25, p=.027).Conclusion: Peer teaching between seniors and juniors was found to be an effective tool in nursing education to cultivate nursing students' skill performance confidence, skill performance ability, and self-directed learning ability. The findings of this study can guide nursing professors in designing and implementing educational programs that incorporate peer teaching between seniors and juniors. Future studies should continue to apply peer teaching to nursing education programs and evaluate its effectiveness.

Tiered Training Model to Improve the Skills of Posyandu Cadres in Measuring Child Anthropometry in Demak Regency, Indonesia

Background: Posyandu cadres still lack the skills to measure anthropometry. Not all cadres received regular training. Objectives: This study aims to develop a training model to improve the skills of Posyandu cadres in conducting anthropometric measurements. Methods: This study used a research and development approach with two main stages. The first stage was the development of the training model. The second stage was field testing of the new training model, using a pretest-posttest control group design. The training model in the form of Training of trainers (ToT) was tested to 49 cadres in the treatment and control groups with expert resource persons, followed by grassroots training with 142 cadres in the treatment group and 146 cadres in the control group with resource persons from the ToT participants. The intervention lasted three months. The effect of applying the training model on changes in the ability of cadres in anthropometric measurements was analyzed using the General Linear Model with a significant p-value <0.05. Results: The developed anthropometry training model is tiered training, including ToT followed by grassroots training. Through the implementation of this training model, the number of trained cadre participants increased threefold. The results of the tiered anthropometry training model trial proved to improve knowledge, attitude, practice, self-efficacy, as well as the precision and accuracy of measuring the length, height, and weight of children by Posyandu cadres (p<0.05). Conclusions: The implementation of a tiered anthropometry training model can increase cadre participants and improve the capacity of cadres in measuring child anthropometry.

Effects of the dual-task training program for Korean older adults with mild cognitive impairment in community

This study was to examine the effects of dual-task training program on the cognitive function, physical functional status, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction of Korean older adults with mild cognitive impairment living in community. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was used. The study participants were a total of 32 older adults with mild cognitive impairment over the age of 65 in the community, South Korea (Intervention: n = 16, Control: n = 16). The effects of time and group interactions between the intervention and control groups were statistically significant for the cognitive function (F=60.99, p < 0.001), physical function status (F=25.59, p < 0.001), self-efficacy (F=69.36, p < 0.001), and life satisfaction level (F=25.81, p < 0.001). The intervention group showed positive improvements in health-related outcome variables compared to the control group. The intervention showed beneficial effects immediately after 10 weeks applied and the effects were sustained at 14 weeks.

Project-Based Learning in Fostering Creative Thinking and Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills: Evidence from Primary Education in Indonesia

The interdependence between the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model and the growth and enhancement of Creative Thinking and Mathematical Problem Solving Skills in Elementary Schools is unquestionable nowadays. Prior studies have yet to discover concrete evidence regarding the interdependence being discussed. This study highlighted cognitive abilities related to creative thinking and mathematics problem-solving by implementing the Project-Based Learning Model. This research was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design involving 43 students in the sixth grade of two elementary schools; data was collected through test and classroom observation, and then the data was analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Conversely, students exposed to project-based learning models exhibit higher skill levels in creative thinking and problem-solving than those instructed using conventional learning models. The project-based learning model significantly impacted elementary school children’s creative thinking and mathematics problem-solving skills. These findings suggest that the Project-Based Learning Model is acceptable for instructors seeking to foster creativity in teaching mathematics at the primary school level in Indonesia or other countries with comparable settings.

The Influence of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Models on the Biology Learning Outcomes of High School Students

Abstract. This research aims to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the biology learning outcomes of high school students in the circulatory system topic. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study was conducted at SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. The population in this study comprised all eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. The research sample included class XI Biology 5 as the control class and XI Biology 7 as the experimental class, selected through random sampling. The research instrument consisted of a multiple-choice test with 25 questions. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis, including normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests in the form of ANCOVA tests. The analysis results showed that the learning outcomes of students in the class taught using the PBL model, with an average pretest score of 31.12, categorized as poor and very poor, significantly improved, marked by an average posttest score of 86, categorized as very good and good. The ANCOVA test results showed a sig. value of &lt; 0.05, indicating that the problem-based learning model has an effect on the biology learning outcomes of high school students.Keyword: learning outcomes, problem-based learning

Effect of Blended Learning Strategy on Learning Outcome in Educational Psychology of Pre-Service Teachers of B.Ed. Programme

The key aim of this study is to investigate the effect of blended learning strategy on learning outcome in Educational Psychology of pre-service teachers of 2-year B.Ed. programme. A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design was employed. Only one state university located in Kolkata city was selected through simple random sampling. The sample for this study was comprised of 92 pre-service teachers available in second semester of 2-year B.Ed. programme in 2024 running under the Department of Education of that university. The two units of B.Ed. programme were assigned randomly as experimental group (N=48) and control group (N=44) respectively. For collecting the data, a learning outcome test with a reliability coefficient of 0.82 developed and standardised by the investigator was used. For analysing the data, one-way ANCOVA and 2×2 factorial design ANCOVA were applied. The findings demonstrated that the experimental group learners achieved higher learning outcome in comparison to the control group learners. Learning outcome in educational psychology of pre-service teachers was found to be independent on gender Further, findings of this study also showed that there was no significant effect of interaction between treatment and gender on learning outcome in Education Psychology, when their pre-learning outcome was considered as a covariate. Outcomes of this study can be implemented in improving the competency level of pre-service teachers in different teacher education programmes.

Evaluatıon Of The Effıcıency Of Internet Addıctıon Educatıon Gıven To Secondary School

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of internet addiction education given to secondary school students. This research was carried out in the pretest-posttest control group design and the sample of the research consists of 90 secondary school students studying in a district of Mersin. 'Descriptive Characteristics Form and Internet Addiction Scale' were used to collect data. Students were given education on internet addiction, and questionnaires were applied before and four months after the education. While the mean of daily internet use time measured with the pretest was 120.55±134.11 in the education group, the mean time of daily internet use measured by the posttest was 66.87±66.91 minutes. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the education group in terms of the sub-dimensions of the internet addiction scale and the overall scale score before and after the education (p0.05). The questionnaire applied after the education showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the education and control groups in terms of negative social relations (p

Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Through the Application of the Scramble Learning Model

The problem underlying this research is the low level of students’ critical thinking skills. One alternative learning that can be applied to improve students' critical thinking skills is the scramble learning model. This research aims to determine how the scramble learning model can improve students’ critical thinking skills in fiqh subjects. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design research design. The study was conducted at MTs Negeri 2 Mojokerto. This study uses 2 classes, namely class VII E as an experimental class and class VII H as a randomly selected control class. The instrument used was a critical thinking ability test. In this study, quantitative data were analyzed using statistical analysis of the t-test to see an increase in students’ critical thinking skills. Based on the analysis of students' critical thinking test results obtained, the gain score of the experimental class is higher than the control class, which is 133 for the experimental class and 65 for the control class. After knowing the gain score, an independent sample t test was conducted with the result of a sig (2-tailed) value of 0,000 and smaller than 0,05. Thus it can be concluded that there are significant differences.

Effects of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation on Rumination and Self-inhibition in Patients with Panic Disorder

Background: Panic disorder causes patients to cease their daily activities and avoid social interactions. Appropriate treatment helps these patients manage their worries, rumination, and self-inhibition, allowing them to return to normalcy. Objectives: This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on rumination and self-inhibition in patients with panic disorder. Methods: This quasi-experimental research used a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population comprised patients with panic disorder aged 18 - 45 years who visited psychotherapy centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2023. Convenience sampling was employed to select 40 eligible participants, who were then randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). Participants completed rumination and self-inhibition questionnaires at the pretest and posttest stages. The experimental group received ten 20-minute sessions of tDCS. Data were collected using the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and Self-Restraint Scale (SRS). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that tDCS improved rumination and self-inhibition in the posttest stage, demonstrating the treatment's effectiveness (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Transcranial direct-current stimulation can alleviate rumination and improve self-inhibition in patients with panic disorder. It is recommended that tDCS be used as a complementary treatment for these patients.

The Influence of the Introduction, Connect, Apply, Reflect, and Extend (ICARE) Learning Model on Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) in Elementary Schools

This study addresses the issue of low student learning outcomes attributed to the frequent use of conventional teaching methods by educators in elementary schools. The Introduction, Connect, Apply, Reflect, and Extend (ICARE) learning model is proposed as a potential solution to enhance these outcomes. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of implementing the ICARE learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes in science and social studies (IPAS) in elementary schools. Additionally, the study compares the improvement of cognitive outcomes between students taught using the ICARE model and those taught using traditional methods. This quasi-experimental research employs a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The findings reveal that the application of the ICARE learning model significantly influences cognitive learning outcomes in IPAS subjects, with an effect size of 46.2%. Furthermore, students instructed through the ICARE model demonstrate greater improvement in cognitive learning outcomes compared to those who receive conventional instruction.

Make a Match Assisted Scramble Learning Model for Learning Motivation and Student Learning Outcomes in Atomic Structure Material

Abstract and complex learning materials presented with monotonous models can lead to decreased motivation and suboptimal learning outcomes due to student boredom. This study aims to determine the effect of the make-a-match assisted scramble learning model on grade X students' learning motivation and learning outcomes on atomic structure material. The research method was quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The research location at A Sleman High School for the 2023/2024 academic year uses two research samples: class XC as an experimental class and class XG as a control class. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. Data were collected using learning motivation questionnaires and test questions. The Mann-Whitney test was applied to analyze the data, revealing significance values of 0.045 and 0.000, both below the 0.05 threshold. The results indicate that the make-a-match assisted scramble learning model significantly enhances learning motivation and outcomes for class X students on atomic structure material.

Analysis Of Improvement Student Knowledge Using Video Tutorial Media Through The YouTube Application On Class XI Culinary Pastry Material At SMKN 9 Padang

The development of science and technology has affected various aspects of life, including education. One aspect that has developed is learning media, with video tutorial media being an effective and interesting tool, especially in the culinary field. Video tutorials allow students to learn material visually and can be accessed at any time, facilitating independent learning. This study aims to determine the effect of using video tutorial media through YouTube in improving student knowledge on pastry material in class XI Culinary SMKN 9 Padang. The research method used was an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 64 students, with 32 students in the experimental class XI Culinary 4 and 32 students in the control class XI Culinary 2. Data collection techniques include tests and documentation, while data analysis uses normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests with independent sample t-test. The posttest t-test results show that the knowledge value of experimental and control class students has a tcount value of 3,227&gt; ttable 1,99897 or sig. (2-tailed) 0,021 &lt; 0,05. Thus, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is a significant difference in the value of student knowledge between classes that use video tutorials via YouTube and classes that use conventional learning media.

The effectiveness of integrating classcraft: A gamified learning platform on enhancing writing skills among elementary school learners

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of incorporating Classcraft, a gamified learning platform, on the writing abilities of elementary school students. The research employed a quantitative approach, utilizing a pre-test post-test control group design. Thirty second-grade elementary school pupils from a variety of schools participated. The paired sample t-test was employed to analyze the data that was collected through a written test. The results demonstrated a substantial disparity in the writing skills of the students who utilized Classcraft between the pre-test and post-test scores, suggesting that the gamified platform significantly improved their writing abilities. The results provide empirical evidence that supports the use of Classcraft as an educational intervention to enhance the writing proficiency of elementary students. The research posits that the integration of gamification through platforms such as Classcraft can establish a more engaging and pleasant learning environment, resulting in improved writing outcomes for young learners.