Control Elements Research Articles

Control in healthcare interiors: the staff’s perspective

As two of the most stressful professions, doctors and nurses work intensively in direct contact with patients. However, there has been little research into their perception of and satisfaction with healthcare interiors. To fill this gap in the literature, this study evaluated the working, resting, and dining spaces of healthcare staff in terms of control. Specifically, privacy, boundary and territory, and environmental control were analyzed in four state hospitals as case studies. Following a literature review, observations, semi-structured interviews, and surveys were conducted with doctors and nurses from the four hospitals in 2017. The findings showed that controlling privacy, boundaries, and environmental control elements like natural and artificial lighting, noise and odour were important for the participants. This indicates a need to ensure privacy and boundaries more effectively through separate spaces and furniture while noise and odour should also be given more attention.

Mathematical Modeling and Validation of Saturating and Clampable Cascaded Magnetics for Magnetic Energy Harvesting

Electromagnetic energy harvesting extracts energy from magnetic fields and can provide power to sensors, monitoring nodes, cyber-physical systems and control elements without additional battery and external power source and wiring. This article presents a novel ac-driven electromagnetic energy harvester based on periodically saturating, cascaded magnetics, consisting of a clampable magnetic core and an ungapped high permeability core. The high permeability core guarantees the maximum energy extraction, whereas the clampable core enables the nonintrusive installation of the energy harvester for more pervasive applications. This article first builds a comprehensive mathematical model based on this saturating cascaded magnetic structure, considering the reachability of an individual saturation flux density of the two magnetic cores. This model resolves the new challenges introduced by the cascaded magnetics with respect to a traditional single-core case, providing the accurate calculation of the lengths of the relevant time windows for harvesting and the amount of the harvested power. Our mathematical model is verified against simulation and experiment, showing excellent agreement among them with the maximum discrepancy of less than 6%. This article also reveals that the maximum power extraction occurs when the ungapped core operates in its slightly saturated state and that the harvested power increases with a higher primary current as well as a higher line frequency.

Using PSO algorithm for power flow management enhancement in PV-battery grid systems

In this article, we have shown the possibility of improving the quality of the energy injected into the electrical network and the flexibility of its exchange between the different components of the proposed hybrid network (photovoltaic generator connected to the network-storage battery-load of the DC motor) to develop a control element based on the combination of fuzzy logic and an algorithm derived from PSO Animal Behavior. The proposed control works on DC/AC and bi-directional DC/DC converters, which form the basis of power management between the parts of the proposed hybrid network. MATLAB/Simulink software is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control. The results show that the proposed control contributed to the stability of the photovoltaic energy produced, the improvement of the quality of energy injected into the network, as well as the response speed during the process of charging and discharging the battery, which gave more efficiency to the DC motor connected to the DC bus.

Frequency-Domain Properties of the Hybrid Integrator-Gain System and Its Application as a Nonlinear Lag Filter

This brief investigates frequency-domain properties of the hybrid integrator-gain system (HIGS) by analytically deriving its higher-order sinusoidal input describing functions (HOSIDFs). Furthermore, a novel application of this nonlinear control element is proposed, where it is utilized as a nonlinear lag filter. Hereby, the closed-loop stability can be guaranteed based on a non-parametric plant model—while ensuring robustness against plant uncertainties—by utilizing a circle criterion-like argument. Control design is initially based on a describing function (DF) analysis of the HIGS. This yields magnitude characteristics similar to those of a linear lag filter, while having the freedom to tune the induced phase lag. However, the excitation of higher-order harmonics by the HIGS is, in that case, neglected. Based on the derived HOSIDFs, it is shown that the validity of this assumption depends on the properties of the plant and the controller, as well as the spectral properties of the external inputs. Finally, the potential of the nonlinear lag filter is investigated by means of simulations and experiments on a high-precision industrial motion stage, showing performance improvements compared with a linear lag filter.

USABILITY OF PROGRAM INTERFACES FOR TEACHING 3D GRAPHICS IN A SCHOOL COURSE OF INFORMATICS

The study of three-dimensional graphics is an important part of a school course of informatics. This is a consequence of the fact that in today's world it is impossible to imagine a sphere of human activity where 3D modeling and 3D printing technologies are not used. At the same time, issues related to the study of this field of information technology at school are unfortunately not sufficiently outlined. Students' perception of the complex interfaces of the corresponding graphic software is also a problematic point. At the same time, the degree of their impact on educational activity has not been studied at a sufficient level. Considering that the complexity of organizing the interaction between the user and the control elements is inherent in the vast majority of graphic 3D programs, the purpose of the exploratory research was to study this very issue only in the context of the educational learning process. When choosing software for testing, the following selection criteria were followed: the software must be distributed on the basis of the open GPL license, and online services must be able to be freely registered and used in work; it is necessary that graphic complexes of three-dimensional graphics satisfy sufficiently democratic system requirements of school computers; the presence of a large number of localizations is also important, and in terms of functionality, 3D programs should approach similar leading commercial software tools and corresponding online services. In the work, considerable attention was paid to the description of research planning. In particular, it was indicated how the sample of respondents was formed and the main approaches to testing program interfaces in the context of their use in the educational process were revealed. An online tool for testing - UsabilityHub.com - is described separately. The obtained data are described and supplemented by specialized graphic heat maps of clicks. As a result, the data is analyzed in detail, it is indicated that the obtained results of the exploration research are an important basis for conducting further scientific research related to this topic and will allow better investigation of problematic issues. The authors also formulate recommendations for the study of three-dimensional graphics editors in a school course of informatics and note methodological points that teachers should pay attention to when preparing for classes.

Development and utilization of analytical methods for rapid GM detection in processed food products: a case study for regulatory requirement

Genetically modified (GM) food crops for desired traits have been approved in some of the countries. The approval status of a GM event varies from country to country. In India, Bt cotton is the only approved GM crop. So far, no GM food crop has got regulatory approval in the country, which may be considered as unauthorized GM (UGM) event in the Indian context. The entry of UGM events of food crops needs to be checked in the imported consignments as well as in the marketplace. In the present study, screening elements were identified based on the genetically modified organism (GMO) matrix developed as decision support system for 22 GM food crops approved globally. Three sets of multiplex PCR assays were developed and validated for GM detection in food crops and products: triplex PCR targeting control elements [Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter (P-35S), Figwort Mosaic Virus promoter (P-FMV), nopaline synthase terminator (T-nos)], triplex PCR targeting marker genes [aminoglycoside-3’-adenyltransferase (aadA), neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII), phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (pat)] and duplex PCR targeting Bt genes (cry1Ab/Ac and cry2Ab2). Limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.5–0.01% for different targets, which is in compliance with the labelling threshold of many countries. The developed assays were utilized to check the GM status of apple and maize products along with an additional test for ctp2-cp4epsps for herbicide tolerance in maize. Based on the tests conducted, none of these samples were found positive for GM targets screened. These procedures could be efficiently employed as a part of GMO testing to trace GM contamination, if any, in both the imported as well as domestic food products.

Digital technologies application as means of control and supervision in terms of management decision-making in the system of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of population (Army)

INTRODUCTION: It is impossible to improve medical supervision of military personnel’s service conditions and life in the near future without creating a global monitoring network, which in real time allows to evaluate all habitat critical points with the greatest impact on health and thereby to respond quickly to changes in the sanitary and epidemiological situation. It requires creation and development of an established information exchange system with the military authorities, external structures and units, undertaking timely measures to prevent or minimize the negative impact of various factors on individual and collective health.OBJECTIVE: Based on the analysis of literature sources and results of my own research make the case via digital technologies for combining into united information and analytical system executives of organizational, administrative, engineering and technical, health-care, veterinary and other measures, aimed at eliminating or reducing harmful effects of environmental factors on humans, thereby ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population (forces).MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was the analysis of articles, placed in the data base and information systems (scientific electronic library Elibrary.ru, RISC, Scopus), studying the possibility to apply digital technologies in control and supervisory activities in recent years. The following keywords were used: health and epidemiological welfare, digital technologies, medical examination, efficiency of preventive activities. To develop proposals on improving information and analytical system, the results of the author’s long-term studies, concerning the control features mainly of water and food factors, were also considered.RESULTS: The base of usefulness to involve preventive science in digital transformation of military medicine and to apply digital technologies in control and supervisory activities to enhance its impact was presented. Implementation of digital technologies in the system of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population (forces), especially in control and supervisory activities for water and food factors, will allow to increase the validity, quality and efficiency of management decisions of the preventive focus.DISCUSSION: To adopt digital practices in executive work of control and supervisory activities, information analysis, obtained in the process of medical examination and social-hygienic monitoring seems promising, as well as determining causation between staff health and effects of habitat factors. The data of observation and instrumental food, water control and other environmental elements were used in carrying out social-hygienic monitoring. To improve hygienic diagnosis, it is important to have progress regarding instrumental monitoring of military personnel’s health as well as their efficiency.CONCLUSION: The study showed the necessity primarily by means of digital technologies to unite executors of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures into a single automated information analytical system, aimed at eliminating or reducing the harmful effects of environmental factors on humans, preventing infectious and non-infectious diseases that helps to reach effective exchange of information between different ministries and departments. The authors came to the conclusion that digital transformation of the data on the habitat factor quality should primarily be developed with regard to water and food factors as it has the highest rank values.

Supervisory Influence and Organizational Culture on the Performance of the Population Service and District Civil Registration Labuhan Batu with Discipline Work as a Variable Intervening

Organizational activities will not run without the involvement of the human element in it. The control element is in humans, so that in the end compared to other factors, humans are the element that most determines the success or failure of an organization in carrying out various activities in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives. This study aims to determine whether supervision and organizational culture affect employee performance through work discipline as an intervening variable in Disdukcapil, Labuhanbatu Regency. The research was conducted on 36 employees using a saturated sampling technique. The data collection technique used was primary data in the form of questionnaires and secondary data obtained through documentation studies. The data analysis technique used quantitative data which was processed using the SPSS version 25 program, namely the t test, Sobel test and path analysis. The results obtained in this study indicate 1) there is a significant influence between supervision on work discipline, 2) there is a significant influence between organizational culture variables on work discipline, 3) there is a significant influence between supervision variables on performance, 4) there is a significant influence between cultural variables organizational culture on performance, 5) there is a significant influence between work discipline variables on performance, 6) work discipline variables cannot affect supervisory variables on performance, 7) work discipline variables cannot affect organizational culture variables on performance. Keywords: Supervision, Organizational Culture, Work Discipline, Performance.

Progress of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Synthesis and Prospect of Its Application in Nitrification of Energetic Materials.

Artificial intelligence technology shows the advantages of improving efficiency, reducing costs, shortening time, reducing the number of staff on site and achieving precise operations, making impressive research progress in the fields of drug discovery and development, but there are few reports on application in energetic materials. This paper addresses the high safety risks in the current nitrification process of energetic materials, comprehensively analyses and summarizes the main safety risks and their control elements in the nitrification process, proposes possibilities and suggestions for using artificial intelligence technology to enhance the "essential safety" of the nitrification process in energetic materials, reviews the research progress of artificial intelligence in the field of drug synthesis, looks forward to the application prospects of artificial intelligence technology in the nitrification of energetic materials and provides support and guidance for the safe processing of nitrification in the propellants and explosives industry.

Between consultation and control: how incubators perform a governance function for entrepreneurial firms

PurposeThis paper examines the governance function that incubators perform for entrepreneurial firms. The authors demonstrate that this governance function has both a consultative and a control dimension and illustrate how these are enacted in the interactions between incubators and entrepreneurs. The authors also show how these interactions come into being and how entrepreneurs assess the value of the governance role played by incubators.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a cross-sectional interview study with entrepreneurs of 21 start-ups that were hosted by three different incubators. The start-ups are all early-stage technology firms. The analysis in the paper follows an inductive approach.FindingsThe authors find that the governance role of incubators is about both consultation and control. Consultative forms of governance include providing input and advice as well as questioning ideas and assumptions. Controlling forms of governance comprise setting targets and tracking progress as well as enforcing structures and documentation. The authors furthermore show that governance episodes are triggered either by the entrepreneurs themselves or by the incubator. In the former case, such episodes are mainly about consultation, while in the latter one, they often have a pronounced control element, which materializes particularly through regularly enforced meetings. Most entrepreneurs seem to appreciate this control element, acknowledging that, in its absence, they would lack the self-discipline of doing some things that need to be done.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s findings extend prior research on inter-organizational relationships and the types of governance mechanisms observed therein. The authors show that a strict separation between actors who offer consultation and those who exercise control is too simplistic. Incubators influence entrepreneurial firms both through consultative and controlling forms of governance. In terms of limitations, this study’s analysis focuses on the perspectives of entrepreneurs, and the authors did not include the perspectives of incubators nor did the authors directly observe meetings between these two parties.Practical implicationsThis paper provides examples for how entrepreneurial firms can benefit from being part of an incubator.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the discussion of the governance of inter-organizational relationships by focusing on incubators. In so doing, the authors also complement extant literature on management control in entrepreneurial settings by showing how the incubator fulfills a control function for entrepreneurs before these implement control mechanisms themselves.

The Study of Intelligent Control Elements of a Mobile Robot and Ensuring Information Security of the Process of Its Functioning in a Dynamic Environment

Purpose of research. The study presented in this article is aimed at establishing and substantiating the principles of effective incorporation of intelligent elements of the control system of a mobile robot operating in a dynamic environment. The subject of the study was the procedure of simultaneous localization and mapping involved in the control. Indicators related to ensuring the information security of the process of robot functioning in real operating conditions were used as the performance criterion.Methods. A methodology for the experimental study of the software procedure execution for simultaneous localization and mapping within the framework of the task of controlling a mobile robot has been developed and implemented. The main focus of the study is a computer model of an abstract mobile robot performing reconnaissance functions in a virtual dynamic environment. The incorporated elements of intelligent information processing into the procedure of simultaneous localization and mapping are convolutional and fully connected neural network layers that provide filtering of dynamic objects.Results. When conducting this experimental study, a simulation of the process of functioning of a computer model of a reconnaissance mobile robot in a virtual environment has been performed. Similar experiments have been reproduced with various structural and functional configurations of the procedure for simultaneous localization and mapping. Quantitative results have been obtained, demonstrating the accuracy of positioning the subject of the study for each of the methods of organizing this procedure. A comparative analysis of the options for using the elements of intelligent information processing within this procedure has been carried out.Conclusion. It has been established that incorporation of the elements of intelligent information processing into the procedure of simultaneous localization and mapping has an impact on the positioning accuracy of a mobile robot and the reliability of its functioning in a dynamic environment. This contributes to the compliance with information security standards when using mobile robots in real operating conditions. It is also determined that there is their excessive use, which leads to a deviation from the optimal qualities necessary for effective autonomous control of a mobile robot and information security provision.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices in a Subset of Community Pharmacies across the United States

Antimicrobial stewardship in the community is essential as most antibiotic prescribing occurs in the outpatient setting. Pharmacists are recognized as co-leaders for implementing efforts to improve antimicrobial use. the purpose of this study is to evaluate current antimicrobial stewardship practices in community pharmacies across the United States and identify perceptions and challenges faced by community pharmacists. a survey based on the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship was created and distributed. Sixty-one community pharmacists participated in the survey. The majority of pharmacists practiced in chain pharmacies. Based on the responses, a minority of pharmacies met the requirements of the CDC core elements: commitment (27.9%), action (24.6%), tracking and reporting (14.8%), and education and expertise (23% for providing pharmacist resources and 9.8% for providing patient resources). Regarding perception, 67.9% felt antimicrobial stewardship is important in the community and would participate in antimicrobial stewardship activities if the opportunity was provided (88.5%). Challenges faced by community pharmacists include the lack of time, staff, training, and technology support; pushback from prescribers and patients; and the lack of leadership, financial incentives, funding, and legal requirements. many challenges exist in community pharmacies inhibiting the full potential of pharmacists in implementing antimicrobial stewardship.

Performance Evaluation of Hospital Strategic Planning Control Elements Based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC)

Performance Evaluation of Hospital Strategic Planning Control Elements Based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC)

Тепловая математическая модель двухфазного контура с механическим насосом и тепловым гидроаккумулятором

Growing heat release in spacecraft accompanied by simultaneous increase in its amount set the task of developing thermal control systems using the two-phase boiling coolant. It accumulates heat in the form of latent vaporization heat making it possible to transfer much larger amount of heat per the coolant unit mass flow rate than at using a single-phase coolant. In addition, introduction of heat transfer at boiling allows maintaining the object temperature in almost the entire circuit close to the boiling temperature of the selected coolant. All heat transfer processes that occur, when the substance aggregation state changes, are much more intensive than with the conventional convective heat transfer; therefore, the mass of heat exchangers, fittings and control elements of the two-phase circuit would be significantly lower than their mass in a single-phase coolant circuit. Capillary or mechanical pumps should pump the coolant in two-phase systems to ensure the thermal regime. At high power, it is more advantageous to use the two-phase boiling coolant with a mechanical pump. Creation of thermal control systems based on the two-phase circuit should be preceded by elaboration of an adequate mathematical model of the two-phase boiling coolant. Mathematical model is proposed that could be used to analyze operation of the two-phase boiling coolant and calculate hydrodynamic, heat and mass transfer processes.

The Effect of Solar Control Elements on Building Energy Consumption in Hot Dry Climate Regions The Case of Diyarbakır

The Effect of Solar Control Elements on Building Energy Consumption in Hot Dry Climate Regions The Case of Diyarbakır

Wavelength-Tunable and OAM-Switchable Ultrafast Fiber Laser Enabled by Intracavity Polarization Control

Ultrafast laser that directly emits vortex beam has broad application prospects in many research fields and applications, such as telecommunication, bio-sampling and quantum information science. In this article, we demonstrate a wavelength-tunable and OAM-switchable ultrafast fiber laser enabled by intracavity polarization controlling elements. The mode-locked laser can emit vortex beam outputs with a topological charge of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> = +1 or <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> = -1 and the center wavelength can be continuously tuned from 1015nm to 1038nm. The obtained output pulse has a pulse energy of 3.3nJ and a compressed pulse duration of 87fs. Compared with previous results, this laser can emit OAM-switchable output with a shorter pulse duration and a broad wavelength tuning range. The concept of adding polarization control elements to a mode-locked fiber laser can be further expanded to build laser with more sophisticated and customizable outputs.

The Impact of Land-Use Structure on Carbon Emission in China

Research objectives: This paper discusses how to support the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality through the optimization of national spatial structures by establishing a relationship model between land-use structure and carbon emissions, and then provide theoretical and methodological support for the formulation of relevant policies and plans, as well as the evaluation of implementation effects. Research methods: grid analysis, GIS spatial analysis, double log linear regression model. Results: There is a strong correlation between the spatial structure of land and carbon emissions; the scale of construction land, especially industrial land, directly affects carbon emissions; if the area of construction land is doubled, CO2 emissions will increase by about 1.7 times. Conclusions: The potential of controlling carbon emission intensity through land structure at the urban level is great, and it is feasible to control carbon emission intensity through territorial spatial planning system. The control elements can be divided into the following levels: land supply control, land structure adjustment, land intensity constraint, and function adjustment of existing land.

Graded-azimuthal-index fiber as a control element for radial-index and orbital-angular-momentum modes of Laguerre-Gaussian beams

We propose an azimuthally varying graded-index fiber that can efficiently create and control a definite set of radial-index and orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) modes of Laguerre-Gaussian beams and their superpositions. A rigorous coupled-wave analysis formalism is developed, which provides a ready analysis for the azimuthal-refractive-index variation in the Laguerre-Gaussian basis. In particular, we present effective control in the generation and coupling of the various OAM modes, including radial-index modes of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam within the fiber, wherein the propagation length of the fiber and the wavelength act as the control parameters. We further present the possibility of switching every alternate channel in a wavelength division multiplexing protocol to a higher-order spatial mode within the optical fiber to substantially reduce interchannel crosstalk. The graded azimuthal index fiber can be utilized in high-speed fiber-optic communications as a versatile control element for OAM modes and the radial-index mode of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam transformation.

Controlled Construction of Heteroleptic [Pd2(LA)2(LB)(LC)]4+Cages: A Facile Approach for Site‐Selective endo‐Functionalization of Supramolecular Cavities

AbstractConstruction of supramolecular structures with internal functionalities is a promising approach to build enzyme‐like cavities. The endo‐functionalized [Pd12L24] and [Pd2L4] coordination cages represent the most successful systems in this regard. However, these systems mainly contain one type of endo‐moiety. We herein provide a solution for the controlled endo‐functionalization of [Pd2L4] cages. Site‐selective introduction of the endo‐functional group was achieved through the formation of heteroleptic [Pd2(LA)2(LB)(LC)] cages. Using two orthogonal steric control elements is the key for the selective formation of the hetero‐assemblies. We demonstrated the construction of two hetero‐cages with a single internal functional group as well as a hetero‐cage with two distinct endohedral functionalities. The endo‐functionalized hetero‐cages bound sulfonate guests with fast‐exchange dynamics. This strategy provides a new solution for the controlled endo‐functionalization of supramolecular cavities.

Controlled Construction of Heteroleptic [Pd2 (LA )2 (LB )(LC )]4+ Cages: A Facile Approach for Site-Selective endo-Functionalization of Supramolecular Cavities.

Construction of supramolecular structures with internal functionalities is a promising approach to build enzyme-like cavities. The endo-functionalized [Pd12 L24 ] and [Pd2 L4 ] coordination cages represent the most successful systems in this regard. However, these systems mainly contain one type of endo-moiety. We herein provide a solution for the controlled endo-functionalization of [Pd2 L4 ] cages. Site-selective introduction of the endo-functional group was achieved through the formation of heteroleptic [Pd2 (LA )2 (LB )(LC )] cages. Using two orthogonal steric control elements is the key for the selective formation of the hetero-assemblies. We demonstrated the construction of two hetero-cages with a single internal functional group as well as a hetero-cage with two distinct endohedral functionalities. The endo-functionalized hetero-cages bound sulfonate guests with fast-exchange dynamics. This strategy provides a new solution for the controlled endo-functionalization of supramolecular cavities.