Electronic Control Circuits Research Articles

Poliface: A Multi-pose Synchronous Imaging System

To enhance the accuracy of face recognition technology in real-world scenarios, it is necessary to train deep learning models on datasets that contain a large number of labeled human face images under multiple poses, lighting, and accessory variations. In this paper, we introduce a novel acquisition system named the Poliface. This system can capture multiple high-resolution images simultaneously around the human head. We designed this system with a well-built aluminum structure, control electronic circuits, and high-performing in-house software. The results demonstrate the precise operation and exceptional stability of this system. Using this Poliface system, we have collected over 6 million photos, which can be used to train and evaluate facial recognition models, and exploited for three-dimensional (3D) virtual face reconstruction.

PELATIHAN SERVIS RINGAN KENDARAAN SEPEDA MOTOR BAGI MASYARAKAT DESA RIDOGALIH

Motorbikes are a means of transportation that is often used in daily activities, the development of increasingly sophisticated technology has begun to be combined with the help of electronic control circuits such as injection systems to control combustion in the motorcycle combustion chamber or indicators to show hot engine temperatures that make it easier for motorcycle owners to carry out vehicle maintenance. Therefore, due to the lack of workshops or vehicle service services, here the author will share information about motorcycle maintenance that can be done by yourself to save costs and can be developed as a form of business, such as a workshop. With this lack of information, most people only use motorbikes for their daily needs and ignore motorcycle maintenance. Here the author will educate the community on how to maintain their two-wheeled vehicles in Citeureup 1 hamlet by socializing the importance of maintaining two-wheeled vehicles, training on maintaining two-wheeled vehicles, and evaluation to ensure that the community can maintain their own motorbikes. This program also has the aim that the people of Sirnajaya Village, Serang Baru District, Bekasi Regency are able to maintain their own motorbikes and can be developed as a form of business, namely a workshop. Based on the light service training, there are several impacts, among others can increase understanding related to light service procedures such as engine oil change, axle oil, CVT maintenance and replacement of front brake lining and understand about safety riding and have understood how to drive properly.

Design of powerful high-performance drivers for special-purpose LED lighting systems

This paper presents the results of the study of the parameters and characteristics of the developed high-performance electronic control circuits for special-purpose LED lighting systems based on a two-stage forward converter (driver) with an output power of more than 200 W. Operation of the developed driver in the output power range of 13 to 202 W and the supply voltage range of 160 to 250 V was investigated. The maximum efficiency of the developed power supply system at the voltage of 240 V and the output power of 140 W is 89.9%. For the chosen topology, further voltage increase may increase the efficiency, but lead to accelerated degradation of the driver components. The results of the experimental studies of the developed drivers showed the drivers efficiency in the range of 84 to 90% at a load of 52…202 W with a power factor above 0.97 and a nonlinear current distortion factor less than 23.4% over the entire studied range of supply voltages. The high efficiency of the developed driver in a wide range of output power suggests the possibility of using the driver in lighting systems that provide additional power supply to energy storage systems (batteries), including those ensuring operation in the absence of mains power supply.

Automated Control Systems in Greenhouses

Objective. The purpose of the research is to develop an innovative automated program associated with a completely new irrigation regime based on a closed water supply system.Method. Methods of modeling, formalized description, optimal design and control of technological processes and production were used.Result. An automated control system in greenhouse farming based on Arduino controllers and ONI PLR Studio software for its operation are presented. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the creation of appropriate modes of the climate control system in greenhouses. The ONI PLR Studio program is written in FBD language. It solves important problems of controlling the cultivation of agricultural products, breeding new plant varieties, and controlling the technological process using certain signals. User input is limited to software adjustments and direct setting of controller parameters. The adjustment can be carried out remotely through a computer connected to the controller. The automatic operating mode is provided by sensors and a controller with electronic control circuits, which ensure that the actuators operate in the required mode.Conclusion. An automated control system (ACS) allows you to control air and soil temperature, soil and air humidity, soil nutrition, disinfection, air pressure, lighting, the presence of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, and climate control.

A PWM Control for MPPT in Photo Voltaics with Continuous Power Monitoring

This paper describes a novel Maxim Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control for Photovoltaic Cells. The proposed control strategy uses a power monitor at the Solar Cell out-port. The proposed scheme locates the maximum power by estimating the measured power and corresponding first derivative. The continuous power estimation allows a Pulse Width Modulation circuit to control the switching of a step-up DC-DC converter, setting the solar cell in an average maximum power operation. The manuscript describes the control laws and electronic circuit implementation, exhibiting an improvement in voltage ripple compared to state-of-the-art solutions.

Overview of Signal Processing Problems in Power Electronic Control Circuits

This paper examines various aspects related to digital signal processing in digital control circuits used in power electronics. The discussion focuses on several common issues, including the sampling rate of signals (including phenomena such as aliasing and synchronization), coherent sampling, jitter of sampling pulses, sequential versus simultaneous sampling in multichannel systems, signal resolution (including signal-to-noise ratio, noise-shaping circuits, and changes in sampling speed), interpolation and decimation, and the conversion of analog circuits into digital form. One of the key contributions of this paper is the introduction of a new formula for calculating the resultant signal-to-noise ratio for three-stage digital control circuits. By carefully considering and correcting for sources of error, it is possible to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and minimize distortion components. This, in turn, leads to improved output/input current and voltage parameters, which can have a positive impact on the overall quality of energy processing in power electronic circuits.

Responsive materials and mechanisms as thermal safety systems for skin-interfaced electronic devices

Soft, wireless physiological sensors that gently adhere to the skin are capable of continuous clinical-grade health monitoring in hospital and/or home settings, of particular value to critically ill infants and other vulnerable patients, but they present risks for injury upon thermal failure. This paper introduces an active materials approach that automatically minimizes such risks, to complement traditional schemes that rely on integrated sensors and electronic control circuits. The strategy exploits thin, flexible bladders that contain small volumes of liquid with boiling points a few degrees above body temperature. When the heat exceeds the safe range, vaporization rapidly forms highly effective, thermally insulating structures and delaminates the device from the skin, thereby eliminating any danger to the skin. Experimental and computational thermomechanical studies and demonstrations in a skin-interfaced mechano-acoustic sensor illustrate the effectiveness of this simple thermal safety system and suggest its applicability to nearly any class of skin-integrated device technology.

Design and Fabrication of a Mutual Control Electronic Circuit for Solar and Electrical Water Heating

Design and Fabrication of a Mutual Control Electronic Circuit for Solar and Electrical Water Heating

PELATIHAN PERAWATAN KENDARAAN RODA DUA BAGI MASYARAKAT DI DUSUN CITEUREUP 1

Motorcycles are a means of transportation that are often used in daily activities, increasingly sophisticated technological developments have begun to be combined with the help of electronic control circuits such as an injection system to control combustion in the motorcycle combustion chamber or indicators to show a hot engine temperature that makes it easier for motorcycle owners to maintain the vehicle. Therefore, because of the lack of workshops or vehicle service services here the author will share information about motorcycle maintenance that can be done alone to save costs and can be developed as a form of business, such as a workshop. With the lack of information, most people only use motorbikes for their daily needs and ignore motorbike maintenance. Here the author will educate the community on how to take care of their two-wheeled vehicles in the citeureup 1 hamlet with methods of socializing the importance of caring for two-wheeled vehicles, training on caring for two-wheeled vehicles, and evaluating to ensure that people can take care of their own motorbikes. This program also has the aim that the people of Citeureup 1 Hamlet, Kutamukti Village, Kutawaluya District, Karawang Regency are able to maintain their own motorcycles and can be developed as a form of business, namely workshops.

Cascaded Smart Gate Drivers for Modular Multilevel Converters Control: A Decentralized Voltage Balancing Algorithm

Recent Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology allows for drastic improvements in power electronic conversion such as higher energy quality, lower power semiconductors electrical stress, decreased Electro-Magnetic Interferences (EMI), and reduced switching losses. MMC is widely used in High Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) transmissions as it offers, theoretically, no voltage limit. However, its control electronic structure is not modular itself. Especially, the insulation voltage between the submodule gate drivers’ primaries and secondaries depends on the number of submodules. The converter voltage levels cannot be increased without designing all gate driver isolations again. To solve that issue, the novel concept of distributed galvanic insulation is introduced for multilevel converters. The submodule’s gate drivers are daisy-chained, which naturally reduces the insulation voltage to the submodule capacitor voltage, regardless of the number of submodules. The MMC becomes truly modular as the number of submodules can be increased without impacting on the previous control electronic circuit. Such an innovative control structure weakens the link between the main control unit and the gate drivers. This inherent structural problem can be solved through the use of Smart-Gate Drivers (SGD), as they are often equipped with fast and bidirectional communication channels, while highly increasing the converter reliability. The innovation proposed in that work is the involvement of smart gate drivers in the distributed galvanic insulation-based MMC control and monitoring. First, the numerous benefits of smart gate drivers are discussed. Then, an innovative Voltage Balancing Algorithm directly integrated on the chained gate drivers is proposed and detailed. It features a tunable parameter, offering a trade-off between accurate voltage balancing and execution time. The proposed embedded algorithm features a low execution time due to simultaneous voltage comparisons. Such an algorithm is executed by the gate drivers themselves, relieving the main control unit in an original decentralized control scheme. A simulation model of a multi-megawatts three-phase grid-tied MMC inverter is realized, allowing validation of the proposed algorithm. Matlab/Simulink logic blocs allow us to simulate a typical CPLD/FPGA component, often embedded on smart gate drivers. The converter with the proposed embedded algorithm is simulated in steady-state and during load impact. The controlled delay and slew rate inferred by the algorithm do not disturb the converter behavior, allowing its conceptual validation.

Dynamics, Control and Secure Transmission Electronic Circuit Implementation of a New 3D Chaotic System in Comparison With 50 Reported Systems

The very high demand for chaotic systems in the fields of sciences, particularly in secure communication, leads numerous researchers to build novel systems. This work announces a new easy to implement 3D chaotic system with five quadratic nonlinearities and three positive parameters, the proposed system is complex with larger bandwidth compared to at least 50 other systems that have been described. It contains eight terms and it can generate chaotic, periodic and quasi-periodic behaviors. The main dynamical properties of the proposed system are studied using Kaplan-Yorke dimension (KYD), Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagrams, multistability, equilibrium points stability and dissipativity. Then, the eight terms system feasibility is verified using Multisim software by designing its electronic circuit. In addition, active controllers are designed for leading the proposed system to achieve stability, tracking a desired dynamic and synchronizing with an identical model. Finally, using drive response synchronization, a novel secure communication electrical circuit design is built based on the suggested approach. The findings from numerical experiment demonstrated the new system’s success in completing the encryption/decryption process, as well as its secured transmission technique.

Temperature Measurement Using Optical Fiber Methods: Overview and Evaluation

The paper deals with the overview of fiber optic methods suitable for temperature measurement and monitoring. The aim is to evaluate the current research of temperature measurements in the interval from temperature close to 0 up to 1000°C. Since the measuring chain is a functional combination of optical methods, optical fiber properties, and other photonic elements together with control electronic circuits, it is necessary to find a suitable compromise between the chosen measurement method, measuring range, accuracy, and resolution. Optical fiber sensors can be used in cases where standard electrical measurement methods cannot be used. These may be areas with high electrical and magnetic interference or critical areas. Therefore, there is intensive development of optical and fiber optic methods based on blackbody and greybody radiation, luminescence, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), and interferometers.

Employing a MEMS plasma switch for conditioning high-voltage kinetic energy harvesters

Triboelectric nanogenerators have attracted wide attention due to their promising capabilities of scavenging the ambient environmental mechanical energy. However, efficient energy management of the generated high-voltage for practical low-voltage applications is still under investigation. Autonomous switches are key elements for improving the harvested energy per mechanical cycle, but they are complicated to implement at such voltages higher than several hundreds of volts. This paper proposes a self-sustained and automatic hysteresis plasma switch made from silicon micromachining, and implemented in a two-stage efficient conditioning circuit for powering low-voltage devices using triboelectric nanogenerators. The hysteresis of this microelectromechanical switch is controllable by topological design and the actuation of the switch combines the principles of micro-discharge and electrostatic pulling, without the need of any power-consuming control electronic circuits. The experimental results indicate that the energy harvesting efficiency is improved by two orders of magnitude compared to the conventional full-wave rectifying circuit.

Design And Implementation Of Gps Based Medical Services Using Drone

This paper is aimed to provide medical assistance to people through the delivery of medical supplies by unmanned drones. The use of unmanned drones’ benefits people in distant areas around the world. The paper gives attentionto the design of a biocompatible payload and a drone to accomplish medical supply delivery. Design of the drone healthcare delivery network isfacilitatingstructured and low-cost delivery of healthcare to save lives. Dronesare capable of sustainable flight, which need not human presence on board, and have enough control for performingnecessary functions. This paper utilizes a range of hardware components and software platforms that were integrated into the overall design of the medical drone. Hardware components includes IMU enabled GPS, ArduCopter 2.6 Flight Controller, Data Transmission and Receiving module, Electronic Speed Control Circuits, DC Motors, Propellers, LiPo battery, Servo Connectors. GPS is used for navigation in betweenground stations that are automated, to deliver necessary medications in locations that lack enough roads. Unmanned aerial vehicle is remotely or automatically controlled. Software platform used is ArduPilot Mission Planner and mobile phone or tabletapps can be used to track and navigate. Network is managed by drone operating system to monitor weather data from every ground stationand it optimizes the drone routes in this proposed approach we are designing a paper which is effective in many applications like transporting blood and small emergency medicines such as first-aid kits. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles can be used in future to provide medical help in field of surveillance and at the time of earthquake, drones help rescuers to locate survivors.The military in combat can use drones, and it can also be used for humanitarian aid.

Fabrication of a simple and easy-to-make piezoelectric actuator and its use as phase shifter in digital speckle pattern interferometry

In this report, design and assembly of a simple, easy-to-make and low-cost piezoelectric actuator (PZA) with one degree of freedom for application in phase-shifting interferometry is described. The PZA is designed in a way that its components can easily be manufactured and assembled. In the developed PZA, a series of ring-shaped piezo-ceramics are assembled inside a stainless steel case and through a couple of plate springs are preloaded. Planar electrodes are cut from a thin beryllium copper plate using wire-cut EDM and used on top and bottom sides of each ceramic plate. The supply voltage is applied to the electrodes by a designed control electronic circuit connected directly to a computer through a standard parallel port. A graphical user interface is developed in the MATLAB environment for controlling the converter. The electromechanical response of the PZA is studied by applying a calibration procedure based on using a Michelson interferometer. It is shown that by increasing the DC voltage from 0 to 200 V, the PZA has a good linear response. By using the PZA for strain field measurement in a rectangular steel plate, it is shown that the linear response of the designed PZA makes it a suitable candidate for use in Carre phase-shifting interferometry.

Integrated Reconfigurable Silicon Photonics Switch Matrix in IRIS Project: Technological Achievements and Experimental Results

This paper reports the performances of a silicon photonics optical switch matrix fabricated by using large-scale three-dimensional (3-D) integration. The wavelength selective optical switch consists of a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), with 1398 circuit elements, interconnected in a 3-D stack with its control electronic integrated circuit (EIC). Each PIC element can be trimmed or reconfigured by using metallic heaters. The EIC is designed to drive the heaters and to read the signal of monitor photodiodes integrated into the PIC. Small footprint and high energy efficiency are achieved in the PIC and the EIC. Automatic wavelength alignment of the optical circuits in the PIC to the ITU grid and fine temperature tuning of each photonic element to optimize the switch insertion losses are obtained by an optimization routine. A fully packaged switch with input/output fibers is tested both for optical and electrical characteristics as well as for the system performances. Fiber-to-fiber insertion losses of about 20 dB and channel isolation of −35 dB are achieved. Bit error rate characteristics at 25 Gb/s are evaluated. Perspective applications of the optical switch in optical transport and intra-data center networks are discussed.

A 3D Photonic-Electronic Integrated Transponder Aggregator With $48\times 16$ Heater Control Cells

An electronic integrated circuit (EIC) and a silicon photonic integrated circuit (PIC) are 3D-integrated. The EIC using the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) part of STMicroelectronics’ BCD8sp $0.16~\mu \text{m}$ technology controls all 768 switches in the PIC individually and monitors them with 84 transimpedance amplifiers. A scalable analog–digital approach with a cell size of $100\times 100\,\,\mu \text {m}^{2}$ for thermal control of optical ring resonator switch matrices is introduced. An electrical power consumption of 220 mW for all electronic control circuits of the optical switch matrix is resulting in 5.5% of the power needed by a constant-voltage control approach.

Development of Electronic Control Circuits for WSN: Towards a Livestock Tracking and Identification System

Botswana’s beef sector contributes 0.3% of the total world beef exports, i.e. US$ 42.4 billion as of the year 2013 and her major market is the European Union (EU). Unfortunately, her failure to comply with the frequently changing European Commission (EC) export regulations on livestock tracking and identification means that beef export to this market is sometimes suspended. Research trends indicate that smart agriculture solutions have gained popularity in agricultural production and can help keep up with the frequently changing EC export regulations especially on active tracking and identification of livestock. It is against this background that this paper presents the development of electronic control circuits for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Group Special Messaging (GSM) to be utilized in a livestock tracking and identification system. It is envisaged that the proposed solution would help fulfill potential changes of EC regulations. Proteus 8 software is used to develop the circuit models. The controller used for this work is Arduino microcontroller. Simulation results show that the XBee shields are able to communicate successfully. This communication forms the basis for the WSN. The results indicate that the developed electronic control circuits for the WSN are viable. Future work will focus on the development of a prototype that will be tested and validated in real environment.

Industrial PC Based Heliostat Control for Solar Power Towers

Nowadays, fossil fuels are being used widely and are being rapidly depleted. Therefore, alternative energy sources are needed. In solar energy systems, renewable energy projects have gained importance and have been produced. As a system that is being developed in recent years, solar power towers have been built in many countries and more and more people make use of them. Heliostats are some of the important components of the system which provide energy by focusing the sun rays. In this study, we have investigated the control of heliostats which are used in solar power towers. Industrial computers are mainly used in heliostats. The embedded operating systems, which are built into them, are flexible and can operate improved software and databases. By connecting a database and electronic control circuits to an industrial computer we were able to build a prototype heliostat. Given two angle values which specify the target’s direction we were able to track the movements of the sun, have the heliostat work properly and analyse the results.

Fuente de alimentación de alta tensión y bajo ruido para aplicaciones de nanoposicionamiento

Las técnicas de nanoposicionamiento que actualmente se utilizan para caracterizar las propiedades físicas de materialesinteresantes para aplicaciones se basan en circuitos electrónicos de alta tensión que deben tener el nivel de ruido más bajoposible. En este trabajo se presenta una fuente de alimentación construida de forma simple y flexible, que puede proveer+375V con un nivel de ruido menor a 10 ppm. La flexibilidad del circuito se debe a su topología basada en componentesMOSFET discretos que pueden ser fácilmente reemplazados para cambiar la polaridad, la tensión y la corriente de salida.