Control Cohort Research Articles

Appendicitis links to the afterward subsequent psoriatic disease occurrence in Taiwan national health insurance research database: A population-based cohort study: Appendicitis links to psoriatic diseases.

To investigate the psoriatic disease risk among patients with previous appendicitis. This study was a nationwide population-based case-control study about the association between the psoriatic disease risk among patients with a history of appendicitis in Taiwan. The study population consisted of newly diagnosed psoriatic disease with at least two outpatient visits, and the control group included those patients without psoriatic disease at the same index date. Patients with a previous diagnosis of appendicitis or who underwent appendectomy surgery prior to their psoriatic disease diagnosis were recorded. The odds ratio of psoriatic disease diagnosis in the two groups with and without a history of appendicitis were analyzed and compared. A total of 48 894 individuals diagnosed with psoriatic disease were matched with 292 656 controls by age and gender. Notably, the proportion of patients with a history of appendicitis or primary appendectomy was significantly elevated among those with psoriatic disease compared with the control cohort (both p < .05). On average, the occurrence of appendicitis preceded the index date by 3.3 ± 2.3 years. Multivariate analysis revealed a heightened incidence rate of psoriatic disease in patients previously diagnosed with appendicitis, periodontal disease, Charlson comorbidity index score (CCIS) ≧1, and ill-defined intestinal infections. This association persisted after adjusting for confounding factors, such as periodontal disease, CCIS, Salmonella, and ill-defined intestinal infections. The odds ratios for psoriatic disease in individuals with a history of appendicitis, periodontal disease, CCIS ≧1, and ill-defined intestinal infections were 1.16, 1.008, 1.69, and 1.23, respectively, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals of 1.03-1.31, 1.05-1.11, 1.65-1.74, and 1.20-1.26. These findings underscore the independent association between appendicitis and subsequent development of psoriatic disease, even after adjusting for relevant comorbidities and potential confounders. Our research illustrates that appendicitis is associated with an increased likelihood of developing a psoriatic disease, despite several limitations. These limitations encompass variables such as dietary and smoking habits, alongside other potential confounding factors that were not fully considered. Moreover, inherent biases in utilizing national health insurance data, such as the absence of laboratory information, as well as the constraints inherent in a retrospective study design, should be acknowledged.

Antiproliferative agent attenuates postthrombotic vein wall remodeling in murine and human subjects

BackgroundDespite appropriate treatment, up to 50% of patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis will develop postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Once PTS occurs, there is no specific treatment, and some patients constantly experience intolerable symptoms. Hence, prevention of PTS is important. ObjectivesTo characterize vein wall remodeling after thrombus and investigate the effects of antiproliferative agent on postthrombotic vein wall remodeling in murine and human subjects. MethodsFeatures of postthrombotic vein wall remodeling in murine and human subjects were characterized using imaging and histologic examinations. Paclitaxel-loaded hydrogels were used to assess the effects of antiproliferative agent on the remodeling in murine model. Based on the abovementioned results, a pilot study was conducted to assess the effects of paclitaxel-coated balloon dilation in patients with severe PTS experiencing intolerable symptoms. The control cohort was obtained by 1:1 propensity score matching from a prospective database. ResultsStructural and functional alterations in postthrombotic vein wall were verified by imaging and histologic examinations, and predominant active α-smooth muscle actin–positive cells and fibroblast-specific protein 1–positive cells proliferation was observed. In the murine model, the application of paclitaxel-loaded hydrogels inhibited the remodeling. In the pilot clinical study, patients receiving drug-coated balloon demonstrated benefits in Villalta scores and venous clinical severity scores compared with those not receiving drug-coated balloon, and no severe adverse events were reported except for thrombosis recurrence. ConclusionCell proliferation plays an important role in postthrombotic vein wall remodeling. Inhibition of cell proliferation inhibits the remodeling in murine model and may reduce signs and symptoms in patients with severe PTS.

Children and Adolescent Patients with Variants in the ATP1A3 -encoded Sodium-Potassium ATPase Alpha-3 Subunit Demonstrate an Impaired QT Response to Bradycardia and Predisposition to Sinus Node Dysfunction.

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a rare disorder with both neurologic and cardiac manifestations. The ATP1A3-D801N variant is associated with a pathologically short QT interval and risk of ventricular arrhythmia following bradycardia; however, the mechanism of this remains unknown. We investigated the relationship between heart rate (HR), QT, and QTc, hypothesizing that individuals with ATP1A3-D801N have abnormal, impaired shortening of QT and QTc at lower HR leading to arrhythmia predisposition. We performed a retrospective observational study of individuals who underwent clinical evaluation, Holter monitoring, and genetic testing for AHC at Duke University Hospitals. We also compiled a group of healthy individuals as a control cohort. A larger, worldwide cohort of individuals with ATP1A3 - related phenotypes was compiled to investigate sinus node dysfunction. Linear regression analysis was then performed. The cohort consisted of 44 individuals with ATP1A3 -related phenotypes with 81 Holter recordings (52.27% female; mean age at first Holter 8.04 years, range 0.58 - 33 years), compared to 36 healthy individuals with 57 Holter recordings (52.78% female; mean age at first Holter 9.84 years, range 0.08 - 38 years). Individuals with ATP1A3-D801N had reduced prolongation of QT at lower HR, manifest as a significantly lower slope for HR vs QT compared to healthy (P<0.0001). This resulted in a significantly higher slope of the relationship for HR vs QTc compared to healthy (P<0.0001). Individuals with ATP1A3 - related phenotypes and baseline QTc <350 milliseconds (ms) had increased shortening of QT and QTc at lower HR compared to those with normal QTc (P=0.003; P=0.001). Among worldwide cases, 3 out of 131 individuals with ATP1A3 -related phenotypes required device implantation and/or had sinus pauses >4 seconds. Individuals with the ATP1A3-D801N variant exhibit paradoxical shortening of QT and QTc at lower HR, which contribute to an increased risk of arrhythmias during bradycardia. This is exacerbated by an underlying risk of sinus node dysfunction. What is Known: Individuals with ATP1A3-D801N have a short baseline QTc.Two individuals with AHC experienced ventricular fibrillation following bradycardia. What the Study Adds: The QT and QTc shorten to a greater extent at lower heart rate in individuals with ATP1A3-D801N than in healthy individuals. Individuals with ATP1A3 -related phenotypes and QTc <350ms show greater impairment of QT and QTc dynamics than those with normal QTc. There is low prevalence of device implantation and significant sinus pauses in individuals with ATP1A3 -related phenotypes, with a relatively greater prevalence in those with ATP1A3-D801N.

P025 GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL BURDEN OF HIGH SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE, 1990-2021: FINDINGS FROM THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE STUDY 2021

High systolic blood pressure (SBP) is the leading preventable global health risk. As part of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we quantify the SBP-associated burden (relative to a theoretical risk exposure level of 105-115 mmHg) among adults over 25, by age and sex, for 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. Standard GBD Bayesian methods were used to estimate SBP mean, standard deviation and corresponding distribution from 1,116 studies. Meta-analyses of 70 randomized controlled trials and cohorts were used to estimate the relative risks for seven outcomes: ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atrial fibrillation, aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and hypertensive heart disease. Then, the population attributable fraction and SBP attributable burden were computed with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). In 2021, 10.9 million deaths (9.2-12.5 million) and 225 million (190 - 259 million) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributable to elevated SBP worldwide, a decrease, since 1990, of 32% and 30% in age-standardized rates, respectively. In 2021, high SBP accounted for 7.8% of total DALYs; 49.9% (40.6 - 58.2%) of DALYs due to IHD; 57.3% (42.7-68.4%) due to stroke; 24.8% (13.0-36.1%) due to CKD; 30.1% (10.7-47.6%) due to atrial fibrillation; 17.1% (12.9-21.4%) due to aortic aneurysm; 13.0% (2.7-23.8%) due to PAD and 100% of the DALYs due to hypertensive heart disease. Globally, the burden attributable to SBP was higher in men than in women (3,162.9 [2,654.8-3,666.4] vs 2,167.3 [1857.4 -2510.9] age-standardized DALYs per 100,000). Age-standardized DALYs attributable to high SBP were highest in Central Asia and Eastern Europe, rates above six thousand per 100,000. The lowest levels were observed in high-income Asia Pacific, Australasia and Western Europe with less than 1000 DALYs per 100,000. Despite a decrease in age-standardized rates since 1990, high SBP remains a major global health risk with considerable regional variations. Targeted interventions are crucial to address these disparities and reduce SBP-related health impacts.

Role of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing proteinuria: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Proteinuria, a hallmark of renal and systemic disorders, is associated with adverse outcomes, especially in chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have garnered attention for their cardiovascular benefits and potential therapeutic effects on proteinuria. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on proteinuria levels across various kidney-related conditions. Studies published from 1989 to 2023 were systematically identified, including randomized controlled trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. Nine studies involving a total of 347 participants were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a neutral overall effect size of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on proteinuria levels, assessed under both common and random effect models. Despite the lack of statistically significant evidence supporting the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing proteinuria, the variability in interventions and patient populations suggests potential individual responses. The find-ings highlight the heterogeneity in responses to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and emphasize the need for cautious interpretation. While no definitive conclusion can be drawn, the results underscore the importance of targeted research focusing on specific subgroups or conditions that may benefit from omega-3 supplementation. These findings contribute to the evolving understanding of personalized kidney health strategies and pave the way for further exploration and optimization of omega-3 fatty acids' therapeutic applications.

Manual Therapy Improves Fibromyalgia Symptoms by Downregulating SIK1.

Fibromyalgia (FM), classified by ICD-11 with code MG30.0, is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive impairment, sleep, and intestinal alterations, among others. FM affects a large proportion of the worldwide population, with increased prevalence among women. The lack of understanding of its etiology and pathophysiology hampers the development of effective treatments. Our group had developed a manual therapy (MT) pressure-controlled custom manual protocol on FM showing hyperalgesia/allodynia, fatigue, and patient's quality of life benefits in a cohort of 38 FM cases (NCT04174300). With the aim of understanding the therapeutic molecular mechanisms triggered by MT, this study interrogated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) transcriptomes from FM participants in this clinical trial using whole RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and reverse transcription followed by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) technologies. The results show that the salt-induced kinase SIK1 gene was consistently downregulated by MT in FM, correlating with improvement of patient symptoms. In addition, this study compared the findings in a non-FM control cohort subjected to the same MT protocol, evidencing that those changes in SIK1 expression with MT only occurred in individuals with FM. This positions SIK1 as a potential biomarker to monitor response to MT and as a therapeutic target of FM, which will be further explored by continuation studies.

Routine Prescription of Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Perioperative Period is Associated With Decreased Rates of 2-Year Revision Surgery After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed in conjunction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to their gastroprotective effects. In animal studies, it has been suggested that PPIs have immunosuppressive effects and impair fracture healing; however, the association between PPI use and adverse events following THA and TKA has not been well-studied. MethodsAn administrative claims database was queried for patients who underwent elective THA from 2010 to 2019. The experimental group consisted of patients who did not have a prior history of gastrointestinal bleeding or gastroesophageal reflux disease and who received a PPI prescription in the perioperative period. A 1:1 propensity score matching was used to create control cohorts of patients who did not have any PPI prescription filled, also matching for age, sex, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. This same cohort selection and matching procedure was then repeated for patients undergoing elective TKA. In total, 11,450 patients were studied (3,103 TKA + PPI, 2,622 THA + PPI, 3,103 TKA controls, and 2,622 THA controls). The mean age was 64 years (range, 38 to 94), and 57% were women. Significance was considered at P < 0.05. ResultsPerioperative PPI prescription in TKA patients was associated with significantly lower rates of all-cause revision (3.0 versus 4.1%, P < 0.01) and periprosthetic joint infection (1.0 versus 1.8%, P < 0.01). In THA patients, PPI prescription was associated with a lower all-cause revision rate (2.8 versus 4.0%, P = 0.02). No significant differences were found between PPI and non-PPI groups for aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, gastrointestinal bleeding, or surgical site infection in either cohort. ConclusionsPatients receiving routine PPI prescriptions in the perioperative period surrounding TKA and THA have a lower risk of all-cause revision surgery, and perioperative PPI use is associated with a decreased risk of PJI in patients undergoing TKA. As these results conflict with the few previous studies performed on this topic, additional controlled studies are warranted to fully elucidate the relationship between PPI use and adverse events after THA and TKA.

Impact of Dementia on Outcomes Following Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture: A National Database Study

BackgroundDementia poses an elevated risk of femoral neck fracture (FNF) in the elderly, often leading to the need for hemiarthroplasty. Yet, the outcomes of hemiarthroplasty in patients who have dementia remain uncertain. The purpose of this study was to assess whether dementia serves as a potential risk factor for outcomes following hemiarthroplasty. MethodsDementia patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty for FNF with at least 1 year of follow-up were identified using a national insurance database. A 1:1 matched control cohort of patients who do not have dementia was created for comparison. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the rates of complications between the two cohorts. A total of 89,072 patients, of whom half have dementia and half do not, undergoing hemiarthroplasty for FNF were identified. ResultsAside from increased risks of medical complications (P < 0.01), including pneumonia, cerebrovascular accident, acute kidney injury, urinary tract infection, and sepsis, within 90 days, dementia patients also demonstrated higher rates of surgical complications within 1 year, such as dislocation (odds ratio (OR) 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71 to 2.04), periprosthetic fractures (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.45), and revision (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.36). On the other hand, dementia patients displayed slightly reduced rates of 90-day deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. However, no significant increase was found in transfusion, myocardial infarction, wound complications, periprosthetic joint infection, or aseptic loosening between the two cohorts. Additionally, patients who have dementia demonstrated a higher likelihood of 90-day emergency department visits, whereas rates of 90-day hospital readmission remained similar. ConclusionsAlthough dementia patients do not exhibit an elevated risk of periprosthetic joint infection, or aseptic loosening, they are more prone to experiencing higher risks of prosthetic dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, and revision. Furthermore, specific medical complications tend to be more prevalent among individuals who have dementia.

Genomic insights from a deeply phenotyped highly consanguineous neurodevelopmental disorders cohort

PurposeThe genetic underpinning of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in diverse ethnic populations, especially those with high rates of consanguinity, remains largely unexplored. Here, we aim to elucidate genomic insight from a 576 person well-phenotyped and highly consanguineous (16%) NDD cohort. MethodsWe used chromosomal microarray (CMA; N:247) and exome sequencing (ES; N:127) combined CMA, ES (N:202), and long-read genome sequencing to identify genetic etiology. Deep clinical multivariate data were coupled with genomic variants for stratification analysis. ResultsGenetic diagnosis rates were 17% with CMA, 29.92% with ES, and 37.13% with combined CMA and ES. Notably, children of consanguineous parents showed a significantly higher diagnostic yield (P < .01) compared with those from nonconsanguineous parents. Among the ES-identified pathogenic variants, 36.19% (38/105) were novel, implicating 35 unique genes. Long-read sequencing of seizure participants unresolved by combined test identified expanded FMR1 trinucleotide repeats. Additionally, we identified 2 recurrent X-linked variants in the G6PD in 3.65% (12/329) of NDD participants. These variants were absent in large-population control cohorts and cohort comprising neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric populations of European descendants, indicating a possible associated risk factor potentially resulting from ancient genetic drift. ConclusionThis study unveils unique clinical and genomic insights from a consanguinity rich Bangladeshi NDD cohort, highlighting a strong association of G6PD with NDD in this population.

Clinical and pathological features of renal tumours among women previously treated for breast carcinomas – the CanSeRe study

IntroductionRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) and breast carcinoma (BC) are frequent tumours, yet their co-occurrence in the same patient is a unique scenario. Few studies explored the characteristics of such patients without specific focus on pathological data. In this retrospective study, we aimed to describe the clinico-pathological features of RCC patients with a history of BC and compare them to a control cohort of RCC women free of previous BC. MethodsAll adult women treated for BC at a high-volume cancer institution between 2007 and 2020 and who subsequently developed a RCC were retrospectively included. Their clinical and pathological characteristics were compared to an independent cohort of consecutive women undergoing percutaneous kidney tumour biopsy for localized kidney cancer in a second high-volume cancer institution. ResultsA total of 113 patients were identified from 2 different institutions. We observed a lower rate of clear cell RCC in the Kidney-breast (KB) group compared to the Kidney-only (KO) group, suggesting a potential association between breast cancer and non-ccRCC. The KB group had a higher proportion of locally advanced tumours and high-grade lesions. Although recurrence-free survival favored the KO cohort, no significant difference was found in cancer-specific survival and overall survival rates between the groups. Noteworthy, patients in the KB group had a higher prevalence of family history of cancer. ConclusionOur findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of RCC coexisting with breast carcinoma. Understanding the characteristics of this unique population can guide clinical strategies and improve patient outcomes. Level of evidence4.

Exome Sequencing of a Blastomycosis Case–Control Cohort From Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACTBackgroundBlastomycosis is a pulmonary disease caused by Blastomyces spp., a group of pathogenic dimorphic fungi endemic to a number of geographic regions, specifically Manitoba and northwestern Ontario, Canada. Immunosuppression is a major risk factor affecting disease susceptibility, yet host immunity is not well understood. Genetic immunodeficiencies can also influence disease, with variants in IL6, GATA2 and VDBP shown to influence susceptibility. Additional genetic factors in disease susceptibility and severity remain undetected. Our study seeks to identify potential genetic risk factors in a blastomycosis case–control cohort from Manitoba and northwestern Ontario, Canada.MethodsExomes from 18 blastomycosis cases and 9 controls were sequenced, variants were identified and filtered for accuracy and quality. We performed candidate gene prioritisation and variant aggregation to identify genetic associations and explored the full exome dataset.ResultsNinety‐nine genetic variants in 42 candidate genes were identified in the exome dataset. No variants associated with susceptibility were identified in a single‐variant analysis although two non‐synonymous variants in TYK2 were enriched among cases suggesting a possible role in susceptibility. Gene‐based association analysis found variants in TLR1 enriched in controls (p = 0.024) suggesting a possible protective effect. Gene cluster analysis identified genetic variants in genes of chromatin remodelling, proteasome and intraflagellar transport significantly enriched in cases (false discovery rates &lt; 14%).ConclusionsThe findings in this study show novel associations with blastomycosis susceptibility. A better understanding of host immunity and genetic predisposition to Blastomyces infection can help to inform clinical practice for improved outcomes.

Mandibular response after rapid maxillary expansion in mixed dentition children with different vertical growth patterns: a retrospective study.

This study evaluated the mandibular development induced by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) therapy in mixed dentition patients with different vertical growth patterns through long-term observation. The research utilized a retrospective design that included two cohorts: a control group consisting of pediatric subjects with individualized malocclusions, and an experimental group received RME therapy. A total of 60 subjects were included; 37 in the RME group (17 males and 20 females) and 23 in the control group (13 males and 10 females). Based on mandibular plane angles, 19 pertinent cephalometric variables were quantified with Dolphin Imaging software, and participants were subclassified into high-angle and normal-angle subgroups. Changes in the groups during the observation period were statistically analyzed with a t-test. Compared to the control group, both sagittal parameters tended to decrease after treatment in the RME group (p < 0.05), and none of the vertical correlations were statistically different (p > 0.05). Within the normal-angle experimental subgroup, sagittal parameters markedly decreased when contrasted with their normal-angle control group (p < 0.05). Notably, a substantive decrease in overjet was solely observable in the sagittal dimension among the high-angle expansion subgroup when compared to the high-angle control subgroup (p < 0.05). In the vertical dimension, neither the normal-angle nor high-angle subgroups exhibited any statistically significant differences from their respective control cohorts (p > 0.05). Based on long-term observation, RME therapy promotes mandible sagittal growth of the mandible in subjects with normal-angle vertical growth patterns. A similar tendency was not observed in subjects with high-angle vertical growth patterns. In addition, the mandibular plane angle did not increase after RME in children with high-angles.

A visualized and bibliometric analysis of cancer vocational rehabilitation research using CiteSpace

BACKGROUND: There are numerous publications on cancer vocational rehabilitation, visual techniques can help medical researchers and social workers be more familiar with the state of this field. OBJECTIVE: To summarize cancer vocational rehabilitation research, we applied visualized and bibliometric analysis to enable medical workers and social workers to identify evolving patterns of knowledge among articles and research trends, understand the current research status of vocational rehabilitation of cancer, and carry out further research on hot topics. METHODS: Based on a review of 933 papers on cancer vocational rehabilitation published in the Web of Science Core Collection, this study used Citespace software to systematically and objectively describe cancer vocational rehabilitation. RESULTS: Since 2003, the field of cancer vocational rehabilitation began to sprout. The most published and most cited country, institution, author and cited journal were the United States, University of Amsterdam, Angela G. E. M. de Boer, and Psycho-Oncology, respectively. The three most frequently cited keywords were breast cancer, quality of life and cancer survivor. The three keywords with the largest spike in citations were cohort, absence and symptom. Conducting randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies to help cancer survivors return to work, and using qualitative methods to understand the vocational rehabilitation experiences or perceptions of cancer survivors or medical staff are hotspots in this field. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer vocational rehabilitation has attracted the attention of researchers all over the world. Future studies may focus on other cancer types and explore more high quality interventions.

ADVANCES IN NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF GONARTHROSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is typically the result of wear and tear andprogressive loss of articular cartilage and may eventually lead to disability. Treatment forKOA begins with conservative methods and progresses to surgical treatmentoptions when conservative treatment fails. This systematic review aims to highlight the latestadvancements in non-surgical interventions to improve the management of this commonmusculoskeletal disorder. Methods: A comprehensive search of sources available in both English and Frenchencompassing various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant medicaljournals in addition to recommendations provided by prominent organizations(EULAR, ACR, SFR, SOFMER, OARSI, ESCEO, NICE, PANLAR, AAOS). Inclusion criteria were good quality systematic reviews, meta-analyses, practice guidelinesexcludingsurgicalKOA treatment. Results:We thoroughly examined a large set of 545 articles and meticulously selected 117 for detailed analysis. This carefully selected set comprised randomized controlled trials, consensus statements, international guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies, and reviews. Qualitative synthesis revealed widely approved nonpharmacological therapies such as information/education programs, weight loss, and physicalactivity. Most agreed on pharmacological therapies were oral and local NSAIDs, Paracetamol, and intra articular corticosteroid injection. Other treatment options were subject to controversy. Conclusion:Various options are available for the treatment of KOA. However, KOA remains a commonglobal health challenge, affecting millions and compromising the quality of life through pain, functional limitations, and associated morbidities. A comprehensive and personalized approach seems crucial in order to reduce pain, improve knee function over the long term.

Effectiveness of stannous fluoride in treating gingivitis: a literature review

The purpose of the study was to investigate and evaluate the existing research studies on stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrices to answer the question of whether they are effective in enhancing oral health and reducing gingival inflammation. The study utilized a systematic approach, including a comprehensive literature search for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies. Inclusion criteria focused on SnF2 dentifrices' effects on periodontal health in individuals with gingivitis. The reviewed studies consistently demonstrated that dentifrices containing SnF2 were more effective than both negative and positive controls in improving periodontal health. The findings support the potential of SnF2 dentifrices as a promising option for enhancing oral health and reducing gingival inflammation. Further well-designed randomized trials are needed to strengthen the evidence base and provide comprehensive support for the efficacy of SnF2 dentifrices in improving oral health.

Single and Unhoused Population at Risk for Self-Inflicted Burn Injury: A Retrospective Analysis of an Urban American Burn Center's Experience.

Despite the growing recognition of self-harm as a pressing public health issue, demographic risk factors of self-inflicted burn (SIB) injuries in the U.S. have not been extensively described. In this retrospective study, we seek to identify demographic risk factors and patterns associated with SIB injuries at an urban burn center. Charts were reviewed of patients admitted to a single American Burn Association (ABA)-verified burn unit between 2015 and 2023 with a history of SIB injury, identified with ICD10 code X76.XXXA. Descriptive statistics, Welch's t-test of unequal variances, and Chi-Squared-analysis were performed. A total of 3,212 patients were admitted to our institution for management of acute burn injury, with 94 (2.9%) patients who presented with SIB injury. SIB patients were more likely than the control cohort to be male (p = 0.035), single (p=0.008), unhoused (p < 0.001), live alone (p < 0.001), and have documented psychiatric diagnoses (72.3% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001). They had larger %TBSA affected (p < 0.001) and higher rates of inhalation injury (p < 0.001). The SIB cohort also showed significantly higher rates of positive urine toxicology results, primarily for stimulants and opiates (p < 0.001). Patients with SIBs had longer hospital stays (21.7 ± 2.6 days vs. 12.0 ± 22.1 days, p = 0.006), higher rates of ICU admission (p < 0.001), and mechanical ventilation requirement (p < 0.001). Mental health support services, substance abuse rehabilitation programs, and community outreach need to be prioritized, especially targeting vulnerable populations such as the unhoused.

COMPARAÇÃO DOS MÉTODOS DE FIXAÇÃO PARA FRATURAS SUPRACONDILIANAS DO ÚMERO EM CRIANÇAS: UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA DA LITERATURA

Introduction: Supracondylar fractures are common in children, and appropriate treatment is crucial to avoid long-term complications. Methodology: The review included selected studies from SciELO, PubMed, and Scopus, covering randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case series, and reviews, totaling 1,025 patients. Results: Nineteen studies were analyzed, showing significant variations in complication rates and efficacy between fixation methods such as crossed pins, plates, and intramedullary pins. Discussion: The comparison revealed that crossed pins have a lower risk of nerve injury, while plates offer better stability for complex fractures. However, all techniques have potential complications, including the need for early removal and infections. Conclusion: The choice of method should be individualized based on the fracture severity and patient profile, with rigorous follow-up to manage complications. Future research should explore new techniques and technologies to improve clinical outcomes and reduce complications.

The GETAID: 40 years of a family story in IBD.

The Groupe d'Etude sur les Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID) was founded in Paris in 1983 by Professor R Modigliani and colleagues. From the beginning, the aim of this international (France, Belgium and Switzerland), multicentre, French-speaking group was to address clinical questions raised by patients or physicians in their daily practice or the inflammatory bowel diseases community, by focusing on clinical research on treatments through randomised controlled trials, prospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies, quantifying the severity of various facets of the disease when necessary for these studies. This approach very innovative has contributed to the advancement of knowledge in inflammatory bowel diseases by publishing more than 120 original articles in peer-reviewed journals throughout the GETAID 40-year history, most of them in top publications in gastroenterology and hepatology journals. In this paper, we will see what GETAID's contribution has been over the last four decades, review reasons for success and forthcoming challenges.

ATUALIZAÇÕES EM BIOMARCADORES PARA DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE DE DOENÇAS ÓSSEAS

Introduction: Biomarkers play a crucial role in the early identification of diseases and the assessment of treatment response. This study aims to explore the efficacy of different biomarkers in predicting and monitoring chronic diseases, with a focus on cardiovascular and oncological conditions. Methodology: A systematic review of studies published between 2010 and 2023 was conducted, analyzing the validity and applicability of specific biomarkers such as troponin, BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide), and CA-125. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Jadad scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa method. Results: The analyzed biomarkers showed high sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Troponin was particularly effective in detecting myocardial infarction, while BNP performed well in assessing heart failure. CA-125 was useful for monitoring ovarian cancer progression but had limitations in early detection. Discussion: The analysis indicates that biomarkers can provide valuable information for managing chronic diseases, improving diagnosis and treatment follow-up. However, the accuracy of biomarkers may be affected by variables such as comorbidities and individual patient characteristics. Further studies are needed to validate and refine the use of these biomarkers in different clinical contexts. Conclusion: Biomarkers are promising tools for the detection and monitoring of chronic diseases, with the potential to transform clinical practice. The implementation of biomarkers should be accompanied by further studies to ensure their efficacy and accuracy in various clinical scenarios.

Risk of new onset hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease after living kidney donation through propensity score matching analysis

Living kidney donors have been regarded as those people having earned the healthiest status level after having undergone scrutiny. Although one’s post-donation GFR is expected to fall to 50% of their pre-donation value, it is well documented that there is a compensatory increase in GFR which subsequently reaches approximately 60–70% of the donor’s pre-donation value. Data regarding gout/hyperuricemia in living kidney donors has remained scarce until now. This study involved kidney donors enrolled within the years 2000 to 2017, where those who were selected to be matched to those in group of case cohort by age, year of index date, gender and co-morbidity were considered as the control cohort. During the 17-year study period 2,716 participants were enrolled. Results revealed that kidney donors experienced a risk of new onset gout/ hyperuricemia (adjusted HR = 1.73; 95%CI = 1.27, 2.36), and new onset CKD (adjusted HR = 6.7; 95% CI = 4.4, 10.21) were found to be higher in kidney donors. Our findings suggest that people after kidney donation are significantly associated with a higher risk of new onset gout/hyperuricemia. Clinical professionals therefore need to be cautious of new onset gouy/hyperuricemia after donation surgery.