Contributions Of Other Disciplines Research Articles

What characterizes LIS as a fragmenting discipline?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to characterize library and information science (LIS) as fragmenting discipline both historically and by applying Whitley’s (1984) theory about the organization of sciences and Fuchs’ (1993) theory about scientific change.Design/methodology/approachThe study combines historical source analysis with conceptual and theoretical analysis for characterizing LIS. An attempt is made to empirically validate the distinction between LIS context, L&I services and information seeking as fragmented adhocracies and information retrieval and scientific communication (scientometrics) as technologically integrated bureaucracies.FindingsThe origin of fragmentation in LIS due the contributions of other disciplines can be traced in the 1960s and 1970s for solving the problems produced by the growth of scientific literature. Computer science and business established academic programs and started research relevant to LIS community focusing on information retrieval and bibliometrics. This has led to differing research interests between LIS and other disciplines concerning research topics and methods. LIS has been characterized as fragmented adhocracy as a whole, but we make a distinction between research topics LIS context, L&I services and information seeking as fragmented adhocracies and information retrieval and scientific communication (scientometrics) as technologically integrated bureaucracies.Originality/valueThe paper provides an elaborated historical perspective on the fragmentation of LIS in the pressure of other disciplines. It also characterizes LIS as discipline in a fresh way by applying Whitley’s (1984) theory.

Oncologic surgery in the era of drug therapy

Surgical oncology has undergone a number of tactical changes in the era of the development of drug therapy, but is still the only treatment that can cure most solid forms of cancer. Recently, surgical interventions are increasingly acquiring an individual approach to the patient. Surgical oncology is part of a multifaceted multidisciplinary team with a single philosophy in understanding the biology of tumor development, as well as the contribution of other disciplines to the treatment of cancer patients. Key words: surgical oncology, cytoreductive surgery, intraoperative chemotherapy.

Continuer à inventer la psychanalyse

The main risk of psychoanalysis is that it be “insularized”, as Eric Kandel already noted in 1998. To avoid this situation, the psychoanalysts present at the University must tackle three complementary tasks: to organize at the university contradictory debates, encouraging students to critically examine concepts and putting into practice those that seem most important for understanding the world that is coming, and finally integrating the contributions of other disciplines into psychoanalysis courses. In other words, there is an urgent need to create what are now called dual curricula, with the neurosciences of course, but also with historians, sociologists and ethnologists. So that psychoanalysis remains open, alive and attractive.

Largest contribution to LIS by external disciplines as measured by the characteristics of research articles

The paper analyses Library and Information Science (LIS) articles published in leading international LIS journals based on their authors’ disciplinary backgrounds. The study combines content analysis of articles with authors’ affiliation analysis. The main research question is: Are authors’ disciplinary backgrounds associated with choice of research topics and methods in LIS articles? The study employs a quantitative content analysis of articles published in 30 + scholarly LIS journals in 2015, focusing on research topics and methods. The articles are also assigned to three disciplinary categories based on authors’ affiliations: External (no authors from LIS institutions), Internal (all authors from LIS institutions), and Mixed (some authors from LIS institutions, some from outside). The association of articles’ disciplinary categories with article research topics and methods is analysed quantitatively. Most research contributions to LIS come from external articles (57%). However, LIS scholars have a clear majority in research on L&I services and institutions (68%), while external scholars dominate the contributions in Information retrieval (73%) and Scientific communication (Scientometrics, 69%). Internal articles tend to have an intermediary’s (29%) or end-user’s (22%) viewpoint on information dissemination while the external ones have developer’s viewpoint (27%) or no dissemination viewpoint (49%). Among research strategies, survey (29%) and concept analysis (23%) dominate internal articles, survey (28%) and citation analysis (19%) dominate mixed articles, and survey (20%) and citation analysis (19%) dominate external articles. The application profiles of research strategies varied somewhat between disciplinary categories and main topics. Consequently, the development of LIS in the areas of Information retrieval, Information seeking, and Scientific communication seems highly dependent on the contribution of other disciplines. As a small discipline, LIS may have difficulties in responding to the challenges of other disciplines interested in research questions in these three areas.

Ethical education and its impact on the perceived development of social entrepreneurship competency

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to discuss the importance of multidisciplinary training in the perceived development of social entrepreneurship competence. By means of a sample of an ethics class, this study seeks to argue the relevance of new social entrepreneurs having a broad training, beyond the knowledge they receive from the business area.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a quantitative analysis methodology. Based on the application of a validated questionnaire measuring the perceived development of social entrepreneurship competence, a longitudinal measurement was carried out at two points in time, at the beginning and at the end of an ethics course, in a sample population of 132 undergraduate students. Based on these results, a multifactorial diagnosis was made using a Z-test.FindingsOverall, the sample results did not show a significant improvement in their level of perception of students' development of the social entrepreneurship competence. However, the individual results of the perceived development of sub-competences that make up this competence did reflect some development, especially the sub-competence of social innovation. Thus, this study demonstrates that there is a measurable impact of the contribution of other disciplines, in this case the ethical education, in the training of new entrepreneurs, arguing the importance of multidisciplinary training.Practical implicationsThe results of this study contribute to the work of universities in developing social entrepreneurship competence. Based on its findings, institutions will be able to recognize the relevance of multidisciplinary training in the generation of new social entrepreneurs, valuing other disciplinary areas, such as humanities and social sciences, beyond training based exclusively on business knowledge. A key point to capitalize on in training practices for social entrepreneurship is “social innovation”, due to the sense of transcendence and impact that universities should seek, precisely because of their social responsibility to create value.Originality/valueThis research provides empirical evidence of the impact of ethics education on social entrepreneurship education. It argues the importance of reflecting on multidisciplinary education as a complementary element in the perceived development of social entrepreneurship competence in students.

Interprofessional education in the rural environment to enhance multidisciplinary care in future practice: Breaking down silos in tertiary health education.

Western Sydney University has implemented a rural interprofessional learning programme to promote collaborative care approaches to enhance cross-discipline communications, improve knowledge and clarity of roles and improve patient care and outcomes. Rural interprofessinal learning is an interprofessional educational approach, consisting of simulations of complex health events. Simulation methodology frames the study with a focus on human interaction. A mixed-methods evaluation has been conducted, incorporating pre- and post- event participant surveys along with semi-structured focus groups. Simulations are conducted in the rural setting, including community settings, working farms and rural hospitals. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify themes measuring students' perceptions of interdisciplinary care, knowlede of other health discipline roles and skills and how they believe the exercise will influence their future practice. Facilitator feedback regarding the efficacy of the simulations was also recorded and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Care of simulated patient(s)/bystander(s) is primarily provided by paramedicine, nursing and medical students; however, increasing interest has expanded the programme to include students from a range of allied health professions. Simulations are facilitated by a multidisciplinary team of experienced practitioners and specialists. Four rural interprofessional learning events have been held. 120 students have participated in the evaluation. Findings include increased understanding of the contributions of other disciplines in enhancing patient care, team approaches, cross-discipline communication and a need to engage in collaborative care in future practice. Creating a collaborative learning environment creates a culture of multidisciplinary care, enhancing patient care and improving outcomes. The rural interprofessional learning model is an effective interprofessional educational approach, which can be repeated, refined and improved for continual professional development.

Growth and dynamics of Econophysics: a bibliometric and network analysis

Digitization of publications, advancement in communication technology, and the availability of bibliographic data have made it easier for the researchers to study the growth and dynamics of any discipline. We present a study on “Econophysics” metadata extracted from Web of Science managed by the Clarivate Analytics from 2000 to 2019. The study highlights the growth and dynamics of the discipline by measuring the number of publications, citations on publications, other disciplines contribution, institutions participation, country-wise spread, etc. We investigate the impact of self-citations on citations with every five-years interval. Also, we find the contribution of other disciplines by analyzing the cited references. Results emerged from micro, meso and macro-level analyses of collaborations show that the distributions among authors collaboration and affiliations of authors follow a power law. Thus, very few authors keep producing most of the papers and are from few institutions. We find that China is leading in the production of a number of authors and a number of papers; however, shares more of national collaboration rather than international, whereas the USA shares more international collaboration. Finally, we demonstrate the evolution of the author’s collaborations and affiliations networks from 2000 to 2019. Overall the analysis reveals the “small-world” property of the network with average path length 5. As a consequence of our analysis, this study can serve as an in-depth knowledge to understand the growth and dynamics of Econophysics network both qualitatively and quantitatively.

DESAFIOS DA PESQUISA INTERDISCIPLINAR: AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE “VIGILÂNCIA EPISTEMOLÓGICA” NO CAMPO DOS ESTUDOS SOCIOJURÍDICOS

Este artigo tem o intuito de ressaltar a importância da pesquisa interdisciplinar para a compreensão da regulação jurídica em um contexto social hipercomplexo. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, analisa as dificuldades e os desafios ínsitos ao desenvolvimento da interdisciplinaridade. Em seguida, propõe que os “estudos sociojurídicos” sejam definidos como um campo interdisciplinar em que contribuições provenientes das mais diversas áreas das ciências sociais podem ser apropriadas pelos juristas para a elaboração de análises mais consequentes. Contudo, considerando a especificidade assumida pelos aportes teóricos de outras disciplinas no campo dos “estudos sociojurídicos”, propõe que as ciências sociais sejam entendidas, sobretudo, como instrumentos de “vigilância epistemológica” no âmbito desses estudos.

Does increased interdisciplinary contact among hard and social scientists help or hinder interdisciplinary research?

Scientists across disciplines must often work together to address pressing global issues facing our societies. For interdisciplinary projects to flourish, scientists must recognise the potential contribution of other disciplines in answering key research questions. Recent research suggested that social sciences may be appreciated less than hard sciences overall. Building on the extensive evidence of ingroup bias and ethnocentrism in intergroup relations, however, one could also expect scientists, especially those belonging to high status disciplines, to play down the contributions of other disciplines to important research questions. The focus of the present research was to investigate how hard and social scientists perceive one another and the impact of interdisciplinary collaborations on these perceptions. We surveyed 280 scientists at Wave 1 and with 129 of them followed up at Wave 2 to establish how ongoing interdisciplinary collaborations underpinned perceptions of other disciplines. Based on Wave 1 data, scientists who report having interdisciplinary experiences more frequently are also more likely to recognise the intellectual contribution of other disciplines and perceive more commonalities with them. However, in line with the intergroup bias literature, group membership in the more prestigious hard sciences is related to a stronger tendency to downplay the intellectual contribution of social science disciplines compared to other hard science disciplines. This bias was not present among social scientists who produced very similar evaluation of contribution of hard and social science disciplines. Finally, using both waves of the survey, the social network comparison of discipline pairs shows that asymmetries in the evaluation of other disciplines are only present among discipline pairs that do not have any experience of collaborating with one another. These results point to the need for policies that incentivise new collaborations between hard and social scientists and foster interdisciplinary contact.

Geriatric Mental Healthcare Training: A Mini-Fellowship Approach to Interprofessional Assessment and Management of Geriatric Mental Health Issues

IntroductionThe population in United States aged 65 and older has rapidly grown and is projected to grow faster than any other segment of the population. Despite this demographic shift, the nation's geriatric workforce is shrinking. AimThe primary goal of the fellowship was to form a learning collaborative that would help trainees in medicine, nursing, social work, pharmacy and occupational/physical therapy understand the roles of each discipline involved in the provision of geriatric mental healthcare and to enhance basic knowledge of common geriatric syndromes. MethodsFaculty from the University of Pittsburgh developed a format for the mini-fellowship. Trainees from five disciplines were recruited for participation in the mini-fellowship. This was offered annually over four-year period, hosted by the John A. Hartford Foundation Centers of Excellence in Geriatric Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh and University of California at San Diego. ResultsEighty-one participants across five schools of the health sciences completed the mini-fellowship. Feedback was positive: most participants appreciated learning from other team members, endorsed appreciation of the contributions of other disciplines to patient care, and reported improved understanding of three major geriatric syndromes. ConclusionConducting an interdisciplinary mini-fellowship in geriatric mental health was feasible and well received by trainees. The fellowship enabled better appreciation for the provision of geriatric mental health care within the context of an interprofessional team. However, decanal and faculty leadership across the schools needs to place greater emphasis on the importance of interprofessional team-based learning and to free up time for such activity.

Reuse of the existing

Design the contemporary city and architecture means, first of all, dealing with the existing, a huge amount of abandoned space, of uninhabited factories, of crumbling artefacts, of an entire territory which asks to be taken care of. After years of urban sprawl with soil consumption, it is necessary to rethink the way of planning in the existing contexts of the contemporary city and its environmental sustainability. The immediacy of new constructions is often preferred to the recycling of existing ones that work in the long term and return value to the places and their historical stratifications. This is why today the reuse of the existing represents the real emergency to face with a process of regeneration of cities and their territories, where the architectural project, with the contribution of other disciplines - such as archaeology and restoration, geography and landscape design - represents the only instrument able to offer an answer to the current problems of urban structures. Reuse is actually a necessity as well as an emergency; reuse is the ontological condition of architecture because every building has always recycled materials and spaces to reshape the new and we need to analyse past examples of reuse in order to create a methodology for the design reuse of existing structures. This paper aims to contribute to the definition of a teaching methodology of reuse through design and proposes an approach that interprets those characters of the different architectural forms of the existing modernist buildings.

El pensamiento estratégico. Una perspectiva interdisciplinaria.

El siguiente trabajo busca identificar la contribución de otras disciplinas en el trabajo de un planificador de cuentas en el desarrollo de estrategias de comunicación publicitaria, e intenta responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué fuentes de conocimiento influyen en la forma de pensar del planificador publicitario? Para lo anterior, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con 21 planificadores de cuentas de Bogotá, Medellín y la ciudad de Cali. Uno de los hallazgos más significativos muestra la relevancia de los estudios de posgrado en planificadores de cuentas que les permiten acceder al conocimiento de otras disciplinas para comprender el comportamiento del consumidor de una manera holística. Se encontró que este profesional publicitario surgió empíricamente en Colombia y solo desde el año 2006 ha estado trabajando para construir una epistemología.

A workshop to promote interprofessional care.

Paediatric incontinence has traditionally been managed through a discipline-specific approach by doctors, nurses, physiotherapists and psychologists. We evaluated a workshop aiming to increase health professionals' knowledge, confidence and willingness to involve other health professionals when managing paediatric incontinence. Our 1-day workshop focused on paediatric bedwetting, daytime incontinence, faecal incontinence and neurogenic bladder. Attendees completed surveys before and after the workshop, and 6months later. Differences between health professionals and changes in attitudes, knowledge, confidence and experience before and after the workshop were analysed using descriptive analysis. Qualitative data analysis was undertaken using content analysis. The workshop was attended by 77 clinicians (41 doctors, 19 allied health professionals and 17 nurses). Over two-thirds of respondents acknowledged having average or above average knowledge of and/or confidence in managing bedwetting, daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) and faecal incontinence, with lower baseline knowledge and confidence for neurogenic bladder. Participants who completed the initial and final surveys reported increased knowledge, improved ability to manage patients, better appreciation of the contribution of other disciplines and willingness to refer patients to other disciplines. Of those who saw patients with incontinence, most reported that the workshop had improved their management: 33/35 for bedwetting; 31/35 for DUI; 21/29 for faecal incontinence; and 16/19 for neurogenic bladder. Paediatric incontinence has traditionally been managed through a discipline-specific approach by doctors, nurses, physiotherapists and psychologists DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that an interprofessional workshop conducted by clinicians from different health professional backgrounds increases clinicians' awareness of the roles of other disciplines and promotes the development of an interdisciplinary approach or multiprofessional collaboration, enabling a more effective, patient-centred, collaborative care model.

Children’s Rights Are Human Rights and Why Canadian Implementation Lags Behind

Child rights scholarship is increasingly calling for further theorization of children’s rights, and research using the Convention on the Rights of the Child as a framework is being criticized. This paper discusses children’s rights as a legal concept that is part of wider international human rights law. It recognizes the importance of critical studies and the contribution of other disciplines, but it makes a plea for not rejecting a legal reality. Children do have rights, and these are legal norms. The paper refers to Canadian practice as an example of how the lack of recognition of children’s rights as human rights can adversely affect the place of children in a country that is known for its respect for human rights.

Variaciones pragmáticas del discurso electoral: El caso del “HOPE” de Barack Obama

Resumen: En este artículo nos proponemos examinar el cartel “HOPE” de Barack Obama, entendido como un discurso electoral icónico-verbal y artístico a la luz de la Teoría de la Relevancia de Sperber & Wilson (1986, 1995, 1998, 2002; Wilson & Sperber 2002; Sperber & Wilson, 2012) considerada como una de las más fructíferas para estudiar la transmisión de mensajes comunicativos multimodales. Para su descripción, análisis e interpretación recurriremos al concurso de otras disciplinas y, fi nalmente, trataremos de establecer un diálogo ecoico-orquestal con otras representaciones mentales de naturaleza política y propagandística no afín como réplicas culturales del original. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to examine the Poster HOPE of Barack Obama’s election campaign in the light of Relevance Theory (Sperber & Wilson 1986, 1995, 1998, 2002; Wilson & Sperber 2002; Sperber &Wilson 2012) considered a helpful methodology in order to study the transference of multimodal communicative messages. The poster HOPE merges a set of graphic and symbolic components together with the text so that it makes up an electoral speech. We count on the contributions of other disciplines that describe, and interpret the poster in a relevant way. We then compare it with other cultural echo-representations of electoral products and negative political propaganda, as replicas of the original.

Children’s Rights Are Human Rights and Why Canadian Implementation Lags Behind

Child rights scholarship is increasingly calling for further theorization of children’s rights, and research using the Convention on the Rights of the Child as a framework is being criticized. This paper discusses children’s rights as a legal concept that is part of wider international human rights law. It recognizes the importance of critical studies and the contribution of other disciplines, but it makes a plea for not rejecting a legal reality. Children do have rights, and these are legal norms. The paper refers to Canadian practice as an example of how the lack of recognition of children’s rights as human rights can adversely affect the place of children in a country that is known for its respect for human rights.

MONOGRAPHIC RESEARCH OF THE ROMANIAN FOLK COSTUME WITHIN THE SOCIOLOGICAL SCHOOL IN BUCHAREST. LUCIA APOLZAN TIME

In the interwar Romanian culture, the Sociological School of Bucharest led by D. Gusti had a unique approach of the folk culture which was seen as a living organism in constant movement and evolution. Folk creations - musical and literary, peasant costume and artefacts etc. are no longer treated as "museum or archive objects ", but as living and interdependent parts composing a giant gear – the social corpus. Therefore, not only songs, but also singing, not only stories, but the storytelling etc. will be studied, precisely – and especially – the "social functions" of those creations. For the peasant costume, not the pieces themselves will be studied, as before, but their "making" and "wearing". From this perspective which considerably broadens the research horizon, the work of Lucia Apolzan is not just an exemplary thematic monograph on folk costume and domestic industry in Țara Moților, but also a fundamental book, unique in Romanian ethnography and culture. The secret of this success lies in the "monographic approach" of the topic and in the author's attachment to the investigated area, meaning that thorough ethnographic research greatly benefits from contribution of other disciplines, such as history, geography, political economy, oral tradition etc., and from the constant observation of the "social relations" involved in making and using of the peasant costume. Capturing, for the first time, the specific, intimate dialectical relations that underlie the existence and the "evolution" of the folk costume, and "encoding" them in "basic rules", general and always valid for the investigated field require, as the author believes, a "reconsideration" and "upgrading" of this work, victim itself of times of sad memory for the Romanian culture; this is particularly so since, after "the moment Lucia Apolzan", the descriptivism and aestheticism, back in force, as working methods and means of expression in the scientific discourse, have continuously dominated most works about the folk costume in our country.

The Work of Jovan Cvijić and Vladimir Dvorniković through the Prism of Serbian Archaeology

From the point of view of the fact-oriented history of archaeology, there is no reason to consider the works of Jovan Cvijić and Vladimir Dvorniković. However, if we consider the history of ideas that have fundamentally determined the course of Serbian archaeology, it is relevant to examine the contributions of other disciplines and their key representatives. In the case of Serbian archaeology, the estimation of interdisciplinary transfers of ideas must be approached critically and with great caution, due to the deeply rooted tradition of not explicating the theoretical and methodological base of research. In other words, well into the 20th century, archaeologists have very rarely referred to authors from other fields of research, especially when dealing with general social phenomena. Serbian archaeology has tended to be a-theoretical, and the ideas of social development, social dynamics, or the rules of social behaviour have been considered as “implicit knowledge”, that need not be explained. However, these knowledges are counted upon, and are still considered as indubitable; there lies the power of “common points”, whose origins and genesis are very hard to discern. In this case study, the aim is to: 1) reconsider the link between the culture-historical archaeology in Serbia and cultural belts of Jovan Cvijić; and then to 2) attempt to understand the genealogy of the idea of continuity in Serbian archaeology. In other words, we shall challenge the apparently very logical supposition that our culture-historical archaeology has used the foundations laid by Jovan Cvijić, both in the case of cultural belts and of continuity. It will be demonstrated that archaeologists have skipped the lesson of Cvijić’s anthropo-geographical school of cultural circles, as well as his rejection of deep continuity in the Balkans. This means that the source of the archaeological idea of the elements of (material) culture that may be preserved from prehistory to the present, must be sought for in another direction, outside the work of Cvijić. One possible solution is to acknowledge the worlds of ideas of Milan Budimir and Veselin Čajkanović, along with very explicit ideas of continuity of less known Niko Županić and more prominent Vladimir Dvorniković, who modified and widely disseminated the ideas of Županić.

SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES FOR A PEDAGOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ITALIAN EXPERIENCE OF CLINICAL PEDAGOGY

Who is the human being? After many thousand years, this question remains the main problem for the educational world and for the different approaches in working on the help relation. The anthropology is a Science or a Knowledge? Understanding more about the human being does it mean to make new empirical research or does it mean to reflect on the wisdom of the philosophy or religion? Is it possible to integrate different approaches and study’s methods on the human being in order to understand the depth of a person who is more than an “individual in average”? A multifaceted approach applied to the study of human being is necessary to understand the person complexity. It also necessary to research models, tools and strategies for reflecting on the pedagogical mission and to put in practice the educational theories. After the Positivism and as reaction to centuries of philosophy and theology’s dominion, we are subdued only to scientific vision of life. Consequently, the human being is considered as number, as code, as combination of one or more correlation. Instead it is time to re-define the pedagogy (as education theory) starting from the person and relevant subjective experience. The experience of a human being derives from perceiving a body, having a mind and using intelligence, feeling emotions and sentiments, and also choosing values (moral dimension) and living spirituality (transcendence dimension). It is necessary to integrate the cultures of the past with the scientific excellences of the present, without going back. How is this process possible? It is very difficult, but this is a great positive challenge for the global knowledge society. As far Italy, but also Europe, there is a new movement called “clinical pedagogy” that has succeeded to integrate different anthropological approaches in its educational theories. Thus demonstrating that is possible to maintain an own theoretical and methodological autonomy involving in its framework the contribution of other disciplines. The clinical pedagogy is one among holistic educational (or psychological) approaches that considers the human being with referring to his/her individual and social nature. In facts, the clinical pedagogy continues its experimental and humanities researches in a context of applied education. The clinical pedagogy is a new challenge to reflect on the anthropological constitution of the person under point of view of helping relation. Keywords: Anthropology, Theory of Education, Educational Practice, Clinical Pedagogy .

Teams Do It Better!

The author proposes that interdisciplinarity and respectful team science become the norm for studying human development. This is not as simple a wish as it may seem because we tend to be trained in a single discipline. We tend to know much less about the theory, methods, and findings of other disciplines. We often respect them less and minimize their contributions. It is now abundantly clear, however, that humans develop on multiple levels. Human development occurs from neurons to neighborhoods, cells to societies, and genes to geography. It is fundamentally evident that every level influences the others and all combine to constitute human development. Although we may specialize, certainly a reasonable personal choice, it is critical to recognize and respect the contributions of other disciplines to the study of human development. This may best be achieved by recognizing the contributions of other disciplines and working in multidisciplinary teams.