Order Contributions Research Articles

Nested active regions anchor the heliospheric current sheet and stall the reversal of the coronal magnetic field

During the solar cycle, the Sun's magnetic field polarity reverses due to the emergence, cancellation, and advection of magnetic flux towards the rotational poles. Flux emergence events occasionally cluster together, although it is unclear if this is due to the underlying solar dynamo or simply by chance. Regardless of the cause, we aim to characterise how the reversal of the Sun's magnetic field and the structure of the solar corona are influenced by nested flux emergence. From the spherical harmonic decomposition of the Sun's photospheric magnetic field, we identified times when the reversal of the dipole component stalls for several solar rotations. Using observations from sunspot cycle 23 to present, we located the nested active regions responsible for each stalling and explored their impact on the coronal magnetic field using potential field source surface extrapolations. Nested flux emergence has a more significant impact on the topology of the coronal magnetic field than isolated emergences as it produces a coherent (low spherical harmonic order) contribution to the photospheric magnetic field. The heliospheric current sheet, which separates oppositely directed coronal magnetic fields, can become anchored above nested active regions due to the formation of strong opposing magnetic fluxes. Further flux emergence, cancellation, differential rotation, and diffusion, then effectively advects the heliospheric current sheet and shifts the dipole axis. Nested flux emergence can restrict the evolution of the heliospheric current sheet and impede the reversal of the coronal magnetic field. The sources of the solar wind can be more consistently identified around nested active regions because the magnetic field topology remains self-similar for multiple solar rotations. This highlights the importance of identifying and tracking nested active regions to guide the remote-sensing observations of modern heliophysics missions.

Dynamic Multiblock Regression for Process Modelling

ABSTRACTThe study introduces three novel strategies for incorporating capabilities for dynamic modelling into multiblock regression methods by integrating sequentially orthogonalised partial least squares (SO‐PLS) with different dynamic modelling techniques. The study evaluates these strategies using synthetic datasets and an industrial example, comparing their performance in predictive ability, identification of process dynamics, and quantification of block contributions. Results suggest that these approaches can effectively model the dynamics with performance comparable to state‐of‐the‐art methods, providing, at the same time, insight into the dynamic order and block contributions. One of the strategies, sequentially orthogonalised dynamic augmented (SODA)–PLS, shows promise by ensuring that redundant information in the time dimension is not included, resulting in simpler and more easily interpretable dynamic models. These multiblock dynamic regression strategies have potential applications for improved process understanding in industrial settings, especially where multiple data sources and inherent time dynamics are present.

Microscopic Theory of Nonlinear Hall Effect in Three-dimensional Magnetic Systems

Abstract The nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) has been detected in various of condensed matter systems. Unlike linear Hall effect, NLHE may exist in physical systems with broken inversion symmetry in the crystal. On the other hand, real space spin texture may also break inversion symmetry and result in NLHE. In this letter, we employ the Feynman diagrammatic technique to calculate nonlinear Hall conductivity (NLHC) in three-dimensional magnetic systems. The results connect NLHE with the physical quantity of emergent electrodynamics which originates from the magnetic texture. The leading order contribution of NLHC $\chi_{abb}$ is proportional to the emergent toroidal moment $\mathcal{T}_{a}^{e}$ which reflects how the spin textures wind in three dimension.

N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N} $$\\end{document} = 4 SYM line defect Schur index and semiclassical string

The giant graviton expansion of the line defect Schur index in four dimensional N4\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N}4 $$\\end{document} U(N) SYM was recently proposed in arXiv:2403.11543 to be captured in the dual string theory by counting fluctuations states of two half-infinite fundamental strings in AdS5 × S5 ending on the line defect and D3 brane giant. However, agreement with the gauge theory data for the defect line index at finite N required the inclusion of ad hoc extra contributions with unclear origin. We discuss the large N leading order contribution of the giant graviton expansion of the defect line index by a direct analysis of semiclassical string partition function in a twisted background. We discuss supersymmetric boundary conditions in the presence of the D3 brane and evaluate the quadratic fluctuations effective action by introducing a suitable projection of fluctuation modes. We show that the extra contributions to the single giant graviton correction found in arXiv:2403.11543 correspond to a supersymmetric Casimir energy contribution.

Nonperturbative RG for the weak interaction corrections to the magnetic moment

We analyze, by rigorous renormalization group methods, a Fermi model for weak forces with a single family of leptons, one massless and the other with mass m=Me−β, with M the gauge boson mass, a quartic nonlocal interaction with coupling λ2, and a momentum cutoff Λ. The magnetic moment is written as a series in λ2, with n-th coefficients bounded by Cn(m2M2)β2n(Λ2M2)(1+0+)(n−1) if C is a constant; this implies convergence and provides nonperturbative bounds on the higher order contributions. The fact that the magnetic moment is associated with a dimensionally irrelevant quantity requires the implementation of cancellations in the multiscale analysis. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Effects of nonlinearity on the crest shape of extreme irregular sea waves: Nonlinear harmonic separation and analysis

This work highlights the effects of nonlinearity on the crest shape of extreme directional water wave events in infinite and finite water depths. HOS-ocean, a High-Order Spectral code developed for solving the deterministic propagation of nonlinear wavefields in open ocean [Ducrozet et al., “HOS-ocean: Open-source solver for nonlinear waves in open ocean based on High-Order Spectral method,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 203, 245–254 (2016)], is used for comparisons with linear simulations. Nonlinear wave harmonics were extracted combining and extending previous methods [Fitzgerald et al., “Phase manipulation and the harmonic components of ringing forces on a surface-piercing column,” Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20130847 (2014) and Hann et al., “A new set of focused wave linear combinations to extract non-linear wave harmonics,” in Proceedings of 29th International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies, 2014], showing the contribution of various orders of nonlinearity. The work shows that “walls of water,” [Adcock et al., “Nonlinear dynamics of wave-groups in random seas: Unexpected walls of water in the open ocean,” Proc. R. Soc. A 471, 20150660 (2015) and Adcock et al., “On the shape of large wave-groups on deep water—The influence of bandwidth and spreading,” Phys. Fluids 28, 106601 (2016)], a significant increase in the crest width, are also formulated in finite water depths. Mainly responsible for this is the first order harmonic, with significant energy transfers away from components propagating at an angle, which are more pronounced in finite water depths. As nonlinearity increases, higher order harmonics (>second) become, as expected, more significant. In deep water, rapid energy transfers lead to a broadening of the spectrum which is reflected in the increase in the first order amplitude sum and hence increased crest elevations at the point of the large event. However, in finite water depths, energy transfers are gradually leading to a narrowing of the spectrum around the spectral peak and to a general broadening of the spectrum at the higher harmonics; reflected in the significant decrease in the first order amplitude sum and hence a decrease in crest elevations at the point of the large event, also aided by the larger increase in the out-of-phase difference terms (zeroth harmonic).

Деякі особливості цивільно-правового статусу недержавних пенсійних фондів

Non-state pension funds (NPF) are new subjects of civil law relations in Ukraine. They began to be created in 2004 after the Law of Ukraine ‘On Non-State Pension Provisions’ came into force. The article analyzes the general norms of the Civil Code, which regulate non-entrepreneurial societies, to which NPFs are classified according to the Law, and well as special norms of the Law ‘On Non-State Pension Provision’ from the point of view of requirements for founders and participants, special legal capacity of the fund, features of getting the status of fund’s participant, the procedure of civil legal capacity of the NPF. Particular attention is paid to the special nature of property relations between the fund and its participants, taking into account the public importance of the NPF, which means the accumulation and investment of pension contributions in order to ensure pension payments for participants in future

Tijaniyah Sufi Order's Contribution to Social Righteousness Practices

This research delves into a Sufi Order’s significant role in fostering social piety among its followers. Rooted in Sufism, the Tijaniyah Order (Tariqa) emphasizes a dual focus on spiritual relations with Allah (hablum minallah) and social contributions (hablum minannas). Social piety, in this context, involves embodying religious values in everyday life, such as performing good deeds, assisting those in need, and fulfilling social responsibilities. The study employs a qualitative methodology, incorporating participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentary studies. Data analysis follows a rigorous process of reduction, presentation, and verification to draw valid conclusions. Central to this research are the Tazkiyatun Nafs (soul purification) concepts of Takhalli, Tahalli, and Tajalli. Takhalli refers to purging oneself of negative traits like greed and selfishness, thereby heightening sensitivity to social needs. Tahalli involves cultivating positive attributes like compassion and kindness, which encourage proactive social engagement. Tajalli represents achieving a profound realization that social actions reflect divine love. The Tijaniyah Tariqa's blend of spiritual and social values significantly contributes to societal welfare and harmony. Continuous practices such as amaliah wirid lazimah, wadhifah, and hailalah reinforce values like trust, honesty, almsgiving, and cooperation. This integration fosters harmonious social interactions, underscoring the Tijaniyah Tariqa's enduring and meaningful impact on social welfare. Through its presence at Al-Falah Islamic Boarding School, of Biru, Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia, the Tijaniyah Tariqa not only strengthens individual spirituality but also enhances social bonds, leaving a positive mark on the community.

Searching for |Vcd| through the exclusive decay [formula omitted] within QCD sum rules

In this paper, we carry out an investigation into the semileptonic decays Ds+→K0ℓ+νℓ with ℓ=(e,μ) by employing the QCD light-cone sum rules approach. The vector transition form factor (TFF) f+Ds+K0(q2) for Ds+→K0 decay is calculated while considering its next-to-leading order contribution. Subsequently, we briefly introduce the twist-2, 3 kaon distribution amplitudes, which are calculated by using QCD sum rules within the framework of the background field theory. At the large recoil point, the TFF has f+Ds+K0(0)=0.692−0.026+0.027. Then, we extrapolate f+Ds+K0(q2) to the whole physical q2-region via the simplified z(q2,t)-series expansion, and the behavior of TFF f+Ds+K0(q2) is exhibited in the numerical results part, including the theoretical and experimental predictions for comparison. In addition, we compute the differential branching fraction B(Ds+→K0ℓ+νℓ) with the electron and muon channels, which are expected to be B(Ds+→K0e+νe)=3.379−0.275+0.301×10−3 and B(Ds+→K0μ+νμ)=3.351−0.273+0.299×10−3 as well as contained other results for comparison. Our results show good agreement with the BESIII measurements and theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we present our prediction with respect to the CKM matrix element |Vcd| by using the B(Ds+→K0e+νe) result from BESIII Collaboration, yielding |Vcd|=0.221−0.010+0.008. Finally, we provide the ratio between Ds+→K0e+νe and Ds+→ηe+νe channels, i.e.RK0/ηe=0.144−0.020+0.028.

Faraday effect of light caused by plane gravitational wave

A gravitational field can cause a rotation of the polarisation vector of light. This phenomenon is known as the gravitational Faraday effect. We study the gravitational Faraday effect of linearly polarised light propagating in the gravitational field of a weak plane gravitational wave (GW) with “+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$+$$\\end{document}", “×\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ imes $$\\end{document}", and elliptical polarisation modes. The corresponding gravitational Faraday rotation angle is proportional to the GW amplitude and to the squared distance traveled by the light and inversely proportional to the GW squared wavelength. The Faraday rotation is maximal if the light propagates along directions perpendicular to the GW propagation and tilted by π/4\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\pi /4$$\\end{document} to the directions of its polarisation. There is no a gravitational Faraday rotation when light and a GW propagate along the same directions, or when light propagates along directions of a GW polarisation. Helicity of an elliptically polarised GW gives cubic order contribution to the Faraday rotation.

Zc and Zcs systems with operator mixing at NLO in QCD sum rules

We study the mass spectra of hidden-charm tetraquark systems with quantum numbers (IG)JP = (1+)1+ (and their I = 12\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\frac{1}{2} $$\\end{document} partners) using QCD sum rules. The analysis incorporates the complete next-to-leading order (NLO) contribution to the perturbative QCD part of the operator product expansions, with particular attention to operator mixing effects due to renormalization group evolution. We find that both the parametric dependence and the perturbative convergence are significantly improved for the two mixed operators J1,5Mixed\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {J}_{1,5}^{\ extrm{Mixed}} $$\\end{document} and J2,6Mixed\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {J}_{2,6}^{\ extrm{Mixed}} $$\\end{document}, compared with those for the unmixed meson-meson or diquark-antidiquark type ones. For the d¯cc¯u\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\overline{d}c\\overline{c}u $$\\end{document} system, the masses of J1,5Mixed\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {J}_{1,5}^{\ extrm{Mixed}} $$\\end{document} and J2,6Mixed\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {J}_{2,6}^{\ extrm{Mixed}} $$\\end{document} are determined to be 3.89−0.12+0.18\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {3.89}_{-0.12}^{+0.18} $$\\end{document} GeV and 4.03−0.07+0.06\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {4.03}_{-0.07}^{+0.06} $$\\end{document} GeV, respectively, closely matching those of Zc(3900) and Zc(4020). Similarly, for the s¯cc¯u\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\overline{s}c\\overline{c}u $$\\end{document} states, the masses of J1,5Mixed\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {J}_{1,5}^{\ extrm{Mixed}} $$\\end{document} and J2,6Mixed\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {J}_{2,6}^{\ extrm{Mixed}} $$\\end{document} are found to be 4.02−0.09+0.17\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {4.02}_{-0.09}^{+0.17} $$\\end{document} GeV and 4.21−0.07+0.08\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {4.21}_{-0.07}^{+0.08} $$\\end{document} GeV, respectively, in close proximity to Zcs(3985)/Zcs(4000) and Zcs(4220), consistent with the expectation that they are the partners of Zc(3900) and Zc(4020). Our results highlight the crucial role of operator mixing, an inevitable effect in a complete NLO calculation, in achieving a robust phenomenological description for the tetraquark system.

A Systematic Process to Engineer Dependable Integration of Frame-based Input Devices in a Multimodal Input Chain: Application to Rehabilitation in Healthcare

Designing new input devices and associated interaction techniques is a key contribution in order to increase the bandwidth between users and interactive applications. In the field of Human-Computer Interaction, research and development services in industry and research laboratories in universities have been, since the invention of the mouse and the graphical user interface, proposing multiple contributions including the integration of multiple input devices in multimodal interaction technique. Those contributions, most of the time, are presented as prototypes or demonstrators providing evidence of the bandwidth increase through user studies. Such contributions however, do not provide any support to software developers for integrating them in real-life systems. When done, this integration is performed in a craft manner, outside required software engineering good practice. This paper proposes a systematic process to integrate novel input devices and associated interaction techniques to better support users' work. It exploits most recent interactive systems architectural model and formal model-based approaches for interactive systems supporting verification and validation when required. The paper focusses on Frame-based input devices which support gesture-based interactions and movements recognition but also addresses their multimodal use. This engineering approach is demonstrated on an interactive application in the area of rehabilitation in healthcare where dependability of interactions and applications is as critical as their usability.

Higher order contribution to ion-acoustic Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) soliton in unmagnetized quantum plasmas with arbitrary degeneracy of electrons

The propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) solitons and dressed solitons (with higher order contribution term) in unmagnetized quantum plasmas with arbitrary degeneracy of electrons is investigated using quantum hydrodynamic model. The reductive perturbation method is used to derive the first order nonlinear ion-acoustic KdV equation and also higher order contribution of inhomogeneous differential equation is obtained for the dressed ion-acoustic wave soliton in arbitrary degenerate electron plasmas. Moreover, the higher order inhomogeneous differential equation is solved (nonsecular solution is obtained) using the renormalization method. The conditions for the validity of the higher order correction are also discussed in detail for ion-acoustic solitons in unmagnetized arbitrary degenerate electrons plasma case. The effects of chosen values of electron temperature, equilibrium fugacity and corresponding electron density of a physical quantum plasma system and quantum diffraction parameter H (for two conditions i.e., H < 2 or H > 2) on the amplitude and width of the KdV and dressed ion-acoustic wave solitons for both electrostatic potential hump (compressive) or dip (rarefactive) structures are investigated. The numerical plots are also presented for illustration with numerical values of a physical partially degenerate electrons plasma system exist in the astrophysical or laboratory conditions.

The Contribution of The Old and New Order Governments to Mathla'ul Anwar

This research aims to analyze the contribution of the Old Order and New Order governments to Mathla'ul Anwar. The research method used is a literature study involving analysis of relevant primary and secondary sources. The results showed that the Old Order government provided ample space for the development of Mathla'ul Anwar, by providing support for Islamic education and social religious activities. However, under the New Order government, Mathla'ul Anwar experienced obstacles due to stricter control over religious organizations and government efforts to direct religious activities in accordance with official ideology. Despite this, Mathla'ul Anwar has survived and adapted to the changing times, showing its resilience as one of the significant Islamic organizations in Indonesia. This research provides a deeper insight into the dynamics of the relationship between the government and religious organizations in Indonesia, as well as the contribution of Mathla'ul Anwar in the context of political and social change during the Old Order and New Order periods.

K± → π±a at next-to-leading order in chiral perturbation theory and updated bounds on ALP couplings

The weak decays K± → π±a offer a powerful probe of axion-like particles (ALPs). In this work, we provide a comprehensive analysis of these processes within chiral perturbation theory, extending existing calculations by including complete next-to-leading order (NLO) contributions and isospin-breaking corrections at first order in (md – mu). We show that the consistent incorporation of ALPs in the QCD and weak chiral Lagrangians requires a non-trivial extension of the corresponding operator bases, which we describe in detail. Furthermore, we show that in the presence of an ALP the so-called “weak mass term”, which is unobservable in the Standard Model, is non-redundant already at leading order. We find that NLO corrections associated with flavor-violating ALP couplings modify the leading-order result by a few percent, with negligible uncertainties. NLO corrections proportional to flavor-conserving ALP couplings lead to potentially larger corrections, which, however, are accompanied by sizable uncertainties mainly due to the currently limited knowledge of various low-energy constants. We study how these corrections impact bounds on the ALP couplings, first model independently, and then specializing to the case of an ALP with flavor-universal couplings in the UV. Our findings confirm that the decays K± → π±a provide the strongest particle-physics constraints for ma ≲ 300 MeV. In addition, we point out that these bounds have interesting implications for the ALP couplings to nucleons, which were so far only constrained by astrophysical measurements and non-accelerator experiments.

A link between static and dynamical perturbation theory

Dynamics, the physical change in time and a pillar of natural sciences, can be regarded as an emergent phenomenon when the system of interest is part of a larger, static one. This ‘relational approach to time’, in which the system’s environment provides a temporal reference, does not only provide insight into foundational issues of physics, but holds the potential for a deeper theoretical understanding as it intimately links statics and dynamics. Reinforcing the significance of this connection, we demonstrate, based on recent progress (Gemsheim and Rost 2023 Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 140202), the role of emergent time as a vital link between time-independent and time-dependent perturbation theory in quantum mechanics. We calculate first order contributions, which are often the most significant, and discuss the issue of degenerate spectra. Based on our results, we envision future applications for the calculation of dynamical phenomena based on a single pure energy eigenstate.

Modeling microgel swelling: Influence of chain finite extensibility.

Microgels exhibit the ability to undergo reversible swelling in response to shifts in environmental factors that include variations in temperature, concentration, and pH. While several models have been put forward to elucidate specific aspects of microgel swelling and its impact on bulk behavior, a consistent theoretical description that chains throughout the microscopic degrees of freedom with suspension properties and deepens into the full implications of swelling remains a challenge yet to be met. In this work, we extend the mean-field swelling model of microgels from Denton and Tang [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 164901 (2016)] to include the finite extensibility of the polymer chains. The elastic contribution to swelling in the original work is formulated for Gaussian chains. By using the Langevin chain model, we modify this elastic contribution in order to account for finite extensibility effects, which become prominent for microgels containing highly charged polyelectrolytes and short polymer chains. We assess the performance of both elastic models, namely for Gaussian and Langevin chains, comparing against coarse-grained bead-spring simulations of ionic microgels with explicit electrostatic interactions. We examine the applicability scope of the models under a variation of parameters, such as ionization degree, microgel concentration, and salt concentration. The models are also tested against experimental results. This work broadens the applicability of the microgel swelling model toward a more realistic description, which brings advantages when describing the suspensions of nanogels and weak-polyelectrolyte micro-/nanogels.

NLO QCD corrections to the Bc -pair hadroproduction

The Bc meson pair, including pairs of pseudoscalar states and vector states, productions in proton-proton collisions are investigated at the next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy in the nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics factorization formalism. The corresponding cross sections at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with s=14 TeV are evaluated. Numerical results indicate that the NLO corrections are substantial, and even dominate over the leading order contributions. Considering the predicted cross sections are sizable, the Bc-pair production is expected to be observable at the high-luminosity LHC experiment. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Firing salts method for the synthesis of orthorhombic Gd2TiO5: experimental characterization supported by DFT first principles calculations

This work presents the synthesis by the new ‘firing salts method’ (FSM) of orthorhombic Gd 2 TiO 5 which requires only two hours at 1200 °C. X Ray Diffraction, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy characterized it. Electron microscopy shows particle size distribution between 50–500 nm with orthorhombic structure according to Rietveld analysis. Raman—infrared spectroscopies and first principles calculations indicate that the second order contribution to the spectra comes from the Ti-O5 interactions. First principles calculations (Density Functional Theory) were used as an aid for the interpretation of the experimental results to assign the normal modes to the bands on the Raman and IR spectra; it also provided an insight of the chemical reactivity of the synthesis.

On the two-loop penguin contributions to the Anomalous Dimensions of four-quark operators

We revisit the Next-to-Leading Order (two-loop) contributions to the Anomalous Dimensions of ∆F = 1 four-quark operators in QCD. We devise a test for anomalous dimensions, that we regard as of general interest, and by means of which we detect a problem in the results available in the literature. Deconstructing the steps leading to the available result, we identify the source of the problem, which is related to the operator known as Q11. We show how to fix the problem and provide the corrected anomalous dimensions. With the insight of our findings, we propose an alternative approach to the one used in the literature which does not suffer from the identified disease, and which confirms our corrected results. We assess the numerical impact of our corrections, which happens to be in the ballpark of 5% in certain entries of the evolution matrix. Our results are important for the correct resummation of Next-to-Leading Logarithms in analyses of physics beyond the Standard Model in ∆F = 1 processes, such as the decays of Kaons and B-mesons.