Order Contributions Research Articles

The Influence of Music on The Development of a Child

The purpose of this theoretical paper is to explore and analyze the influence that music can have on the development of a child from the physical, cognitive, emotional and social aspects. Through a detailed bibliographic research and analysis of conceptual models, we have identified the key role that music plays in improving the motor coordination, perceptual development and cognitive skills of the child. From the emotional perspective, musical experiences serve as a means of expressing and understanding emotions. Introducing music into early education can also potentially improve social skills and interaction among children. Through the analysis of empirical studies and a review of existing theories, we tend to emphasize the importance that music has in the development of a child. By presenting this analysis, we intend to provide a contribution in order to understand how music can improve the scope and quality of a child’s development during the period which one grows up.

DHONE: Density-based higher-order network embedding

Studies have indicated that focusing solely on pairwise interactions between two nodes disregards the associativity among multi-nodes in the network’s local structure. This associativity can be seen as dependencies among nodes, where certain edges’ presence depends on the path leading to it. Examinations on diverse datasets have approved that the variable order of chained dependencies allows for the preservation of structure information, which enables the reconstruction of the original network into a Higher-Order Network (HON) with improved quality of network representation. This paper proposes a Density-based Higher-Order Network Embedding (DHONE) algorithm, which integrates the concept of higher-order density into the network-embedding process in order to classify the contribution of different orders of dependencies. Through the construction of a novel and effective higher-order adjacency matrix, DHONE steadily improves the accuracy of network representation learning. Experimental results demonstrate DHONEs proficiency in improving embedding accuracy and overall algorithm robustness. Furthermore, grounded in the concept of higher-order density proposed herein, numerous dependencies have been discerned within the network generated from trajectories, potentially indicating the role of multi-node structures in networks.

Mid‐Air Collisions Control the Wavelength of Aeolian Sand Ripples

AbstractThe wavelength of aeolian sand ripples increases with wind velocity, but the cause for this increase remained unclear until now. Using numerical simulations, we find that the relationship between the wind strength and the initial wavelength disappears without mid‐air collisions, which means that mid‐air collisions crucially contribute to the initial wavelength of ripples. As wind strength increases, the average hop length of non‐colliding particles decreases. Affected by the bed surface topography and the non‐uniform mid‐air colliding probability along the wavy surface, non‐colliding particles cause a surface modulated erosion/deposition flux. The first order contribution of the flux fluctuation destabilizes the original bed surface and has a wind‐dependent phase shift with respect to the surface profile. This phase shift leads to an initial wavelength that increases with wind velocity. Based on these findings we derive the scaling law for the initial wavelength of aeolian sand ripples, which agrees well with experimental results. A weak non‐linear relationship between ripple wavelength and wind velocity has been found, especially for large wind strengths.

Particle production from non-minimal coupling in a symmetry breaking potential transporting vacuum energy

We propose an inflationary scenario where the inflaton field is non-minimally coupled to spacetime curvature and inflation is driven by a vacuum energy symmetry breaking potential without specifying a priori whether the inflaton field is small or large. As we incorporate vacuum energy into our analysis, we further explore the implications of a non-zero potential offset within inflationary dynamics. We propose that vacuum energy can transform into particles as a result of the transition triggered by spontaneous symmetry breaking. This entails a vacuum energy cancellation that yields an effective cosmological constant during inflation by virtue of a quasi-de Sitter evolution and shows that vacuum energy contribution can manifest as geometric particles produced by inflaton fluctuations, with particular emphasis on super-Hubble modes. We conjecture these particles as quasi-particles arising from interaction between the inflaton and spacetime geometry, enhanced by non-minimal coupling. Specifically, we propose that dark matter arises from a pure geometric quasi-particle contribution, quantifying the corresponding dark matter candidate ranges of mass. In this scenario, we further find that a zero potential offset leads to a bare cosmological constant at the end of inflation, while a negative offset would require an additional kinetic (or potential) contribution in order to be fully-canceled. In this regard, we conclude that the scenario of large-field inflation is preferred since it necessitates a more appropriate selection of the offset. Our conclusion is reinforced as small-field inflation would lead to a significant screening of the Newtonian gravitational constant as inflation ends.

Towards the full Heisenberg-Euler effective action at large N

We study the Heisenberg-Euler effective action in constant electromagnetic fields F¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\overline{F} $$\\end{document} for QED with N charged particle flavors of the same mass and charge e in the large N limit characterized by sending N → ∞ while keeping Ne2 ∼ eF¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ e\\overline{F} $$\\end{document} ∼ N0 fixed. This immediately implies that contributions that scale with inverse powers of N can be neglected and the resulting effective action scales linearly with N . Interestingly, due to the presence of one-particle reducible diagrams, even in this limit the Heisenberg-Euler effective action receives contributions of arbitrary loop order. In particular for the special cases of electric- and magnetic-like field configurations we construct an explicit expression for the associated effective Lagrangian that, upon extremization for two constant scalar coefficients, allows to evaluate its full, all-order result at arbitrarily large field strengths. We demonstrate that our manifestly nonperturbative expression correctly reproduces the known results for the Heisenberg-Euler effective action at large N , namely its all-loop strong field limit and its low-order perturbative expansion in powers of the fine-structure constant.

Taming the third order cumulant approximation to linear optical spectroscopy.

The second order cumulant method offers a promising pathway to predicting optical properties in condensed phase systems. It allows for the computation of linear absorption spectra from excitation energy fluctuations sampled along molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories, fully accounting for vibronic effects, direct solute-solvent interactions, and environmental polarization effects. However, the second order cumulant approximation only guarantees accurate line shapes for energy gap fluctuations obeying Gaussian statistics. A third order correction has recently been derived but often yields unphysical spectra or divergent line shapes for moderately non-Gaussian fluctuations due to the neglect of higher order terms in the cumulant expansion. In this work, we develop a corrected cumulant approach, where the collective effect of neglected higher order contributions is approximately accounted for through a dampening factor applied to the third order cumulant term. We show that this dampening factor can be expressed as a function of the skewness and kurtosis of energy gap fluctuations and can be parameterized from a large set of randomly sampled model Hamiltonians for which exact spectral line shapes are known. This approach is shown to systematically remove unphysical contributions in the form of negative absorbances from cumulant spectra in both model Hamiltonians and condensed phase systems sampled from MD and dramatically improves over the second order cumulant method in describing systems exhibiting Duschinsky mode mixing effects. We successfully apply the approach to the coumarin-153 dye in toluene, obtaining excellent agreement with experiment.

Deep learning for survival analysis: a review

The influx of deep learning (DL) techniques into the field of survival analysis in recent years has led to substantial methodological progress; for instance, learning from unstructured or high-dimensional data such as images, text or omics data. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive systematic review of DL-based methods for time-to-event analysis, characterizing them according to both survival- and DL-related attributes. In summary, the reviewed methods often address only a small subset of tasks relevant to time-to-event data—e.g., single-risk right-censored data—and neglect to incorporate more complex settings. Our findings are summarized in an editable, open-source, interactive table: https://survival-org.github.io/DL4Survival. As this research area is advancing rapidly, we encourage community contribution in order to keep this database up to date.

TB-DROP: deep learning-based drug resistance prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizing whole genome mutations

The most widely practiced strategy for constructing the deep learning (DL) prediction model for drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) involves the adoption of ready-made and state-of-the-art architectures usually proposed for non-biological problems. However, the ultimate goal is to construct a customized model for predicting the drug resistance of MTB and eventually for the biological phenotypes based on genotypes. Here, we constructed a DL training framework to standardize and modularize each step during the training process using the latest tensorflow 2 API. A systematic and comprehensive evaluation of each module in the three currently representative models, including Convolutional Neural Network, Denoising Autoencoder, and Wide & Deep, which were adopted by CNNGWP, DeepAMR, and WDNN, respectively, was performed in this framework regarding module contributions in order to assemble a novel model with proper dedicated modules. Based on the whole-genome level mutations, a de novo learning method was developed to overcome the intrinsic limitations of previous models that rely on known drug resistance-associated loci. A customized DL model with the multilayer perceptron architecture was constructed and achieved a competitive performance (the mean sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 and 0.87, respectively) compared to previous ones. The new model developed was applied in an end-to-end user-friendly graphical tool named TB-DROP (TuBerculosis Drug Resistance Optimal Prediction: https://github.com/nottwy/TB-DROP), in which users only provide sequencing data and TB-DROP will complete analysis within several minutes for one sample. Our study contributes to both a new strategy of model construction and clinical application of deep learning-based drug-resistance prediction methods.

Measurement of the K+ → π+γγ decay

A sample of 3984 candidates of the K+→π+γγ decay, with an estimated background of 291±14 events, was collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN during 2017–2018. In order to describe the observed di-photon mass spectrum, the next-to-leading order contribution in chiral perturbation theory was found to be necessary. The decay branching ratio in the full kinematic range is measured to be (9.61±0.17)×10−7. The first search for production and prompt decay of an axion-like particle with gluon coupling in the process K+→π+a, a→γγ is also reported.

BPS fivebrane stars. Part II. Fluctuations

We investigate quantum fluctuations of metric components in coherent 1/2-BPS bound states of n1 fundamental strings and n5 NS5-branes. The leading order contribution in an expansion in 1/(n1n5) is calculated via a combination of analytical and numerical methods. We find that the fluctuations are small away from a tiny distance from the source, comparable to the 6d Planck scale. Comparing this result with an analysis in the literature of fluctuations in the maximally mixed state, we conclude that the large fluctuations previously found for the latter are statistical rather than quantum in nature, and that perturbative string theory provides an accurate description of these backgrounds.

Perturbative Expansion in Reciprocal Space: Bridging Microscopic and Mesoscopic Descriptions of Molecular Interactions.

Determining the Fourier representation of various molecular interactions is important for constructing density-based field theories from a microscopic point of view, enabling a multiscale bridge between microscopic and mesoscopic descriptions. However, due to the strongly repulsive nature of short-ranged interactions, interparticle interactions cannot be formally defined in Fourier space, which renders coarse-grained (CG) approaches in k-space somewhat ambiguous. In this paper, we address this issue by designing a perturbative expansion of pair interactions in reciprocal space. Our perturbation theory, starting from reciprocal space, elucidates the microscopic origins underlying zeroth-order (long-range attractions) and divergent repulsive interactions from higher order contributions. We propose a systematic framework for constructing a faithful Fourier-space representation of molecular interactions, capturing key structural correlations in various systems, including simple model systems and molecular CG models of liquids. Building upon the Ornstein-Zernike equation, our approach can be combined with appropriate closure relations, and to further improve the closure approximations, we develop a bottom-up parameterization strategy for inferring the bridge function from microscopic statistics. By incorporating the bridge function into the Fourier representation, our findings suggest a systematic, bottom-up approach to performing coarse-graining in reciprocal space, leading to the systematic construction of a bottom-up classical field theory of complex aqueous systems.

Lewis and berry phases for a gravitational wave interacting with a quantum harmonic oscillator

In this work, we compute the Lewis and Berry phases for a gravitational wave interacting with a two dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator in the transverse-traceless gauge. We have considered a gravitational wave consisting of the plus polarization term only. Considering the cross polarization term to be absent makes the Hamiltonian separable in terms of the first and the second spatial coordinates. We then compute the Lewis phase by assuming a suitable form of the Lewis invariant considering only quadratic order contributions from both position and momentum variables. Next, we obtain two Lewis invariants corresponding to each separable part of the full Hamiltonian of the system. Using both Lewis invariants, one can obtain two Ermakov-Pinney equations, from which we finally obtain the corresponding Lewis phase. Then making an adiabatic approximation enables us to isolate the Berry phase for the full system. After this we obtain some explicit expressions of the Berry phase for a plane polarized gravitational wave with different choices of the harmonic oscillator frequency. Finally, we consider a gravitational wave with cross polarization only interacting with an isotropic two dimensional harmonic oscillator. For this we obtain the Lewis phase and the total Berry phase of the system, which is found to be dependent upon the cross polarization part of the gravitational wave.

Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin Gauge Transformations for the Propagator and Vertex in QED and QED2

The non-perturbative Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin (LKF) transformations describe how Green functions in quantum field theory transform under a change in the photon field’s linear covariant gauge parameter (denoted ξ). The transformations are framed most simply in coordinate space where they are multiplicative. They imply that information on gauge-dependent contributions from higher order diagrams in the perturbative series is contained in lower order contributions, which is useful in multi-loop calculations. We study the LKF transformations for the propagator and the vertex in both scalar and spinor QED, in some particular dimensions. A novelty of our work is to derive momentum-space integral representations of these transformations; our expressions are also applicable to the longitudinal and transverse parts of the vertex. Applying these transformations to the tree-level Green functions, we show that the one-loop terms obtained from the LKF transformation agree with the gauge dependent parts obtained from perturbation theory. Our results will be presented in more comprehensive form elsewhere.

Three-loop b → sγ vertex with current-current operators

We compute three-loop vertex corrections to b → sγ induced by current-current operators. The results are presented as expansions in mc/mb with numerical coefficients which allow to cover all relevant values for the heavy quark masses in different renormalization schemes. Moreover we provide for the first time analytic results for the next-to-leading order contribution. Our results present an important building block to the next-to-next-to-leading order interference contributions of the current-current operators Q1 and Q2 with the electric dipole operator Q7.

The heavy Carbene analogues SbH2 + and BiH2 +. Convergent quantum mechanical studies*

In 2021 Olaru, Mebs, and Beckmann reported the synthesis of remarkable cationic carbene analogues P R 2 + and As R 2 + . This work followed the same group's synthesis of Sb R 2 + and Bi R 2 + . To better understand these important systems, Sb H 2 + and Bi H 2 + have been studied with high level ab initio quantum mechanical methods. Geometries were optimised with the CCSDT(Q) method with the cc-pwCVTZ-PP basis set using small core pseudopotentials. Fundamental vibrational frequencies were computed to provide theoretical predictions for future synthetic studies. Relative energies with respect to P n + + H 2 ( Pn = Sb , Bi ) were determined at the CCSDT/CBS level of theory via the Focal Point Analysis method, and anharmonic zero-point vibrational energy and higher order contributions were also computed. For Sb H 2 + , we obtained R = 1.697 Å and θ = 90.8 ∘ with S b + + H 2 → Sb H 2 + reaction enthalpy of ΔH = − 18.71 kcal mol − 1 . For Bi H 2 + , the analogous results were R = 1.774 Å, θ = 89.7 ∘ , and ΔH = − 7.64 kcal mol − 1 for B i + + H 2 → Bi H 2 + .

Analisis Faktor Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ketidakberminatan Masyarakat Menabung Di Bank Syariah Indonesia

This thesis is a study that examines the factors that influence the disinterest in saving. The purpose of this thesis is to be able to determine whether or not there is a significant influence from location, knowledge and product, reputation, promotion and religiosity simultaneously or partially on disinterest in saving and to find out the most dominant variable on disinterest in saving. This study used a quantitative method using primary data by giving questionnaires to the community in the Muara Bulian sub-district, with a total sample of 160 respondents. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis technique. carry out various tests such as the classic assumption test to check the health of the data, simultaneous (F) and partial (t) tests in order to find out the influence or not of the variables used, multiple liner tests, determinant coefficients and effective contributions in order to find out the dominant variable in influencing disinterest save until you can draw conclusions. The results of the conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Simultaneously and partially indicate that location, knowledge and products, reputation, promotion and religiosity have a positive and significant effect on people's disinterest in saving in Islamic banks (2) The variable that has the greatest influence on disinterest in saving is a variable of knowledge and product that is equal to 18%

New insights from GW170817 in the dynamical system analysis of Einstein Gauss–Bonnet gravity

In this work, we explore the dynamical system phase space of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory in the cosmological minisuperspace in the light of GW170817. This approach binds the main features of the theory through a system of autonomous differential equations, in the context of a flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetime. We analyze the critical points that feature in this system to assess their stability criteria. The phase space of this form of scalar-tensor gravity is very rich due to the fourth-order contributions of the Gauss–Bonnet invariant together with the second order contribution of the scalar field together with their coupling dynamics. We find additional critical points as compared with previous works in the literature which may be important for understanding the larger evolution of standard background cosmology within this class of gravitational models.

Beautiful impossibility: a fifty-year retrospective on Social Justice and the City and David Harvey’s – and geography’s – journey into Marxism

ABSTRACT This brief paper introduces a double symposium: five authors reflecting on Social Justice and the City after fifty years, and two critically examining the recently published David Harvey: A Critical Introduction to his Thought (together with a response from the authors of that book). It offers a synopsis of the two symposia and focuses on one or two key points arising from each contribution in order to put them into conversation with each other. Along the way it indicates a few of the key reasons why, collectively, the authors in these symposia find Social Justice to be so worthy of continued close scrutiny, even after all these years, and why David Harvey is destined to become a ‘must read’. It reflects on how academic geography’s journey towards the ‘beautiful impossibility’ of a thorough, compelling, geographical analyses of the capitalist totality – the beautiful impossibility David Harvey has been aiming at for these fifty years – is just getting going.

Gravitational-Wave Phasing of Quasicircular Compact Binary Systems to the Fourth-and-a-Half Post-Newtonian Order.

The inspiral phase of gravitational waves emitted by spinless compact binary systems is derived through the fourth-and-a-half post-Newtonian (4.5PN) order beyond quadrupole radiation, and the leading amplitude mode (ℓ,m)=(2,2) is obtained at 4PN order. We also provide the radiated flux, as well as the phase in the stationary phase approximation. Rough numerical estimates for the contribution of each PN order are provided for typical systems observed by current and future gravitational wave detectors.

A coherent view of the quark-gluon plasma from energy correlators

The ability to measure detailed aspects of the substructure of high-energy jets traversing the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) has provided a new window into its internal dynamics. However, drawing robust conclusions from traditional jet substructure observables has been difficult. In this manuscript we expand on a new approach to jet substructure in heavy-ion collisions based on the study of correlation functions of energy flow operators (energy correlators). We compute the two-point energy correlator of an in-medium massless quark jet and perform a detailed numerical analysis of the produced spectra. Our calculation incorporates vacuum radiation resummed at next-to-leading log accuracy together with the leading order contribution in medium-induced splittings evaluated through the BDMPS-Z multiple scattering and GLV single scattering formalisms for a static brick of QGP. Our analysis demonstrates how particular features of the modifications of in-medium splittings are imprinted in the correlator spectra, particularly showing how energy correlators may be used to extract the onset of colour coherence. We further present a comprehensive discussion on the accuracy and limitations of our study emphasizing how it can be systematically improved. This work sets the foundations for a rich program studying energy correlators in heavy-ion collisions.