Contribution To Sociology Research Articles

Uma análise da política do reconhecimento nas relações conjugais pela literatura de Jane Austen

Este artigo tem como objetivo a análise das relações conjugais atrelada à matriz teórica da política de reconhecimento. Com inspirações no romance de Jane Austen, Orgulho e preconceito (OP), a problemática neste trabalho gira em torno de como as políticas de igualdade de gênero nas relações conjugais são moldadas no século XXI. O movimento feminista e a luta por igualdade de gênero ganharam espaço na agenda política internacional do século XX e XXI, porém, a despeito dos avanços alcançados, a desigualdade de gênero ainda possui severas disparidades no cenário político e jurídico. O objetivo é analisar a igualdade de gênero pela política do reconhecimento de Charles Taylor enquanto base teórica associando-a aos apontamentos de Austen. Trata-se de um trabalho jurídico de aporte literário e sociológico, com utilização do instrumental teórico e metodológico da Literatura justaposta com o Direito. Propomos então uma metódica do surrealismo jurídico da epistemologia carnavalizada do Direito, defendida por Luis Alberto Warat. A análise de OP pela interdisciplinaridade entre a Literatura e o Direito promove um aprofundamento de reflexões sobre nossas instituições jurídicas.

Mobilizing COVID-19 Science

While there are many uncertainties about the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic, scientific mobilization that integrates knowledge from across the wide-ranging intersection of applicable expertise will optimize our response strategy. As we continue to coordinate these efforts, sociological contributions can continue to identify improved social coordination opportunities, even while practicing social distancing.

Opting Out: Individualism and Vaccine Refusal in Pockets of Socioeconomic Homogeneity

Cases of measles and other highly contagious diseases are rising in the United States. Public health experts blame the rise partly on the spatial concentration of parents declining to vaccinate their children, but researchers have given little attention to theorizing why this clustering occurs in particular communities. We argue that residential and school selection processes create “pockets of homogeneity” attracting parents inclined to opt out of vaccines. Structural features of these enclaves reduce the likelihood of harsh criticism for vaccine refusal and foster a false sense of protection from disease, making the choice to opt out seem both safe and socially acceptable. Examination of quantitative data on personal belief exemptions (PBEs) from school-based vaccination requirements in California schools and districts, as well as findings from parent interviews, provide empirical support for the theory. We discuss substantive implications for lawmakers and public health officials, as well as broader sociological contributions concerning neighborhood effects and residential sorting.

Neo-Weberian historical sociology, the English School and differentiated integration in the EU

ABSTRACT This article explores the contributions of Neo-Weberian historical sociology of the state and the English School of International Relations theory to our understanding of differentiated integration in the European Union. In doing so, it turns to the English School concept of ‘radial empires’ to establish differentiation as a structural feature of all centralized entities in international society such as the European Union. It then turns to the concepts of ‘sociospatial networks of power’ and ‘despotic vs. infrastructural’ forms of state power from the Neo-Weberian literature to discuss why empires function radially. Subsequently, it links vertical differentiation to the interplay between sociospatial networks of power and horizontal differentiation to the interplay between despotic and infrastructural forms of state power in the member states of the European Union. Crucial insights for understanding differentiation can be gained from engagement with these concepts not least for understanding Brexit which links with the United Kingdom’s particularly high infrastructural power.

Between denunciation and fatalism: nature, society and “sertanejos-retirantes” in the literature that evokes the Northeast of the droughts

There is an agreement about the role of literature in Brazil in the assimilation of the European sociological contributions in the end of 19th century, particularly the influence of social Darwinism and Determinism on the discussions about race and context. The movement known as regionalist literature was deeply influenced by these themes. This paper aims to reflect on the works of this literary movement, whose authors dedicated themselves to the theme of drought in Northeast Brazil, pointing to some of its repercussions on the construction of an alleged Northeastern identity. The paper is divided in two parts. The first deals with the idea of the Northeast as a constructed region and the emersion of drought as a social calamity. In the second part, the drought in the regionalist novel is discussed, highlighting the discursive elements that express social relations in cities that acted as “receptors” of rural populations during drought periods. It concludes that these novels had a denunciative role, but they rarely reflect the reactions of the political subjects. They therefore contribute with the reproduction of old images as symbols that stigmatize identity and political actions much more related to permanence than to change.Keywords: regionalist literature; Northeast; drought images.How to citeCOSTA, Liduina Farias Almeida da. Entre a denúncia e o fatalismo: natureza, sociedade e sertanejos-retirantes na literatura que evoca o Nordeste das secas. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 571-593, out. 2020. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-4.Received on August 1, 2020. Accepted on August 28, 2020.

Understanding and managing uncertainty in health care: revisiting and advancing sociological contributions.

In this collection we revisit the enduring phenomenon of uncertainty in health care, and demonstrate how it still offers coherence and significance as an analytic concept. Through empirical studies of contemporary examples of health care related uncertainties and their management, our collection explores the different ways in which uncertainty may be articulated, enacted and experienced. The papers address a diverse range of healthcare contexts - Alzheimer's disease, neonatal surgery, cardiovascular disease prevention, cancer, addiction (use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy), mental health/disorders and medical education - and many tackle issues of contemporary relevance, such as an ageing population, and novel medical interventions and their sequelae. These empirical papers are complemented by a further theoretical contribution, which considers the role of 'implicit normativity' in masking and containing potential ethical uncertainty. By mapping themes across the collection, in this introduction we present a number of core analytical strands: (1) conceptualising uncertainty; (2) intersections of uncertainty with aspects of care; (3) managing uncertainty; and (4) structural constraints, economic austerity and uncertainty work. We reflect on the methodological and theoretical stances used to think sociologically about uncertainty in health care, and the strengths, silences and gaps we observe in the collection. We conclude by considering the implications of the insights gained for 'synthesising certainty' in practice and for future research in this area.

Physician Dominance in the 21st Century: Examining the Rise of Non-Physician Autonomy

Theories of the medical profession are a key contribution of medical sociology to the study of healthcare, but these theories must be revisited in light of ongoing changes in medicine. In particular, as non-physician specialists like nurse practitioners grow in number and acquire more autonomy, the increasing differentiation of the medical profession complicates traditional theories of physician dominance. After examining theories of the profession to evaluate their explanations for occupational differentiation, we conduct a state-level quantitative analysis of nursing policies in the U.S. The rise in non-physician autonomy has been inconsistent across places and specialties; we use this variation to identify conditions associated with weak or strong physician dominance. We construct our dependent variable, nursing autonomy, using state-level advanced practice nursing policies adopted from 2001-2017 in all U.S. states. Using an ordered scale, we code nurse practitioner, nurse anesthetist, nurse midwife and clinical nurse specialist practice and/or prescription polices according to each policy’s level of autonomy. We then use panel ordered logistic regression to examine theory-driven predictors of nursing autonomy. Our results show that there are defined yet differential patterns of policy adoption, indicating that the erosion of physician dominance is not uniform. Whereas physicians maintained dominance in relatively prestigious, education-gated specialties (e.g., anesthesiology), dominance declined in other areas subject to stronger market demands (e.g., primary care). Examining ongoing professional differentiation in medicine illustrates how professional dominance depends on shifting social and professional contexts.

Direitos econômicos, sociedade e o supremo tribunal federal: observando a atuação da corte no controle abstrato

Este texto examina a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal no controle abstrato de normas no ordenamento em relação à proteção dos direitos econômicos previstos na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Por meio da apresentação de uma amostra de julgamentos da corte sobre a matéria, observa-se a operação decisória do tribunal, bem como são delimitados alguns aportes sociológicos que servem como ponto de partida para a reflexão sobre a relação entre o tribunal e a sociedade. Questiona-se: (i) O que autoriza juízes (não eleitos) a implementar políticas econômicas que são necessariamente premissas para um efetivo gozo dos direitos fundamentais? (ii) Afinal, na prática, tribunais são institucionalmente capazes de lidar com as complexas questões técnicas e políticas que permeiam este tema? Na primeira indagação, discute-se a legitimidade dos juízes; na segunda, são trazidas a lume questões internas sobre a estrutura e a operação dos tribunais. No final, considerando o caso brasileiro, o texto indica as dificuldades de o Supremo Tribunal Federal gerir as incertezas jurídicas da economia, que, por vezes, acarreta maior turbulência social e, simultaneamente, revela a necessidade de uma maior abertura para a inovação e a cooperação entre as organizações sociais do direito

The Concept of Values in Florian Znaniecki’s Early Work

One of the central concepts of The Polish Peasant in Europe and America , especially highlighted in the Methodological Note, is the relationship between values and attitudes which frames the subsequent empirical analyses and conlusions. The aim of the present article is to reconstruct Florian Znaniecki’s early idea of values in order to demonstrate its originality and later influence on his sociological contributions. As the author argues, Znaniecki’s early insights with regard to values allow us to reconsider his collaboration with William Thomas and to interpret The Polish Peasant as a part of Znaniecki’s long-term research programme.

Sociological contributions for researching morality and cultivating states of moral character

ABSTRACT There is a tendency for research on morality to focus on the individual, sometimes at the expense of context, using overly individual notions of the person. To some extent, this is an understandable consequence of disciplinary focus, and a scientific need to break phenomena down into manageable parts. I will advocate incorporating sociological perspectives for researching morality and cultivating states of moral character. This interdisciplinary approach is informed by a small group of scholars working in the spirit of virtue ethics philosophy while also adopting sociological perspectives. With a special focus on sociological habitus and philosophical hexis, improved treatment of social and contextual factors in morality research and moral education are the suggested applications for these important interdisciplinary advances.

Reflexive Ethnography as “Data Science”? A Sociological Contribution to Praxeology

Reflexive Ethnography as “Data Science”? A Sociological Contribution to Praxeology

The study of obesity and fatness from sociology and social psychology

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el estado del arte de los aportes de la psicologia social y la sociologia para comprender la obesidad y la gordura. Tradicionalmente, el cuerpo ha sido material de las ciencias naturales, donde las ciencias sociales han ocupado un rol secundario. Sin embargo, la complejidad que involucra el aumento de la obesidad en los ultimos anos ha creado una necesidad por una comprension psicosocial. Hemos agrupado estas contribuciones en cuatro grupos: (1) las teorias de discriminacion y estigmatizacion; (2) la sociologia de las desigualdades en salud; (3) la construccion social de la obesidad y los Fat Studies; y (4) la biopolitica de la obesidad. Concluimos que estos estudios han dado protagonismo a la norma medica, obviando otros modos desde los cuales pensar el cuerpo gordo. Sugerimos indagar en mayor profundidad en aquellos conceptos supuestos como contrarios, como la delgadez.

Unbundling practice: the unbundling of big deal journal packages as an information practice

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to introduce a theoretical framework and approach for studying the evaluation and decision-making practices through which academic librarians attempt to reduce the cost of electronic journal subscriptions – an organizational practice known as the unbundling of big deal journal packages.Design/methodology/approachThe article presents a literature-based conceptual analysis of several fields to delineate the elements of the practice of unbundling of big deal journal packages. Beyond analysing the prior literature, the discussion is supported by empirical findings from a pilot study on the topic conducted by two of the article's authors.FindingsThe main finding of the article is that the unbundling of big deal packages is a case of what sociologist refers to as decision-making in a social context. By reviewing previous studies, the article identifies the social and material elements constitutive of this practice. This, in turn, allows to develop questions and concepts for future research on the topic and to position it as an area of inquiry within the field of information behaviour/practices.Originality/valueThe article is the first attempt to conceptualize the unbundling of big deal journal packages by highlighting its phenomenological status as a type of information practice. In addition, the article proposes a research approach for studying this type of information practice by drawing on insights from the information behaviour/practice literature and enriching them through practice theory contributions in organizational studies and sociology.

Happiness in Hard Times: Does Religion Buffer the Negative Effect of Unemployment on Happiness?

AbstractTwo well-known findings are that the religious are happier than the non-religious, and people are less happy when they lose their job. We investigate a link between these by asking whether religion buffers against the negative effect of unemployment on happiness. Although theorized or implicitly assumed in many studies, empirical demonstrations of a causal, moderating effect of religion have been infrequent and often not strong methodologically. We conduct individual-level fixed effects models to test for the buffering effect in the US context using recent panel data from the 2006–2014 General Social Surveys. Religious service attendance, belief in life after death, and trying to carry one’s religious beliefs over into other dealings in life all substantially buffered the effect of unemployment on happiness. Praying daily, believing God exists, identifying as a religious person, and having a religious affiliation did not. We discuss these results in the context of prior work and existing theory. To further support a causal interpretation of these findings, we also conduct a secondary analysis showing that unemployment does not appear to increase or decrease religiousness. This paper makes an important sociological contribution to the growing field of happiness research and to our understanding of how religion matters to people during hard times.

A new sociology of nationalism: The sociology of property and nation

AbstractIn this essay, I will reflect upon what has been sociology's contribution to understanding the emergence and development of nationalism and how sociology can contribute to understanding nationalism's present and future through a property rights perspective. The essay will discuss, in particular, how historical sociological analysis of property rights and property rights regimes may be central to understanding nationalism past and future. After a general and brief discussion on the current, so‐called return of nationalism, the essay starts with discussion of some late enlightenment proto‐sociologists, suggesting that these writers actually analysed some crucial early dynamics of property and sovereignty which is central to understanding nationalism. The essay then moves on to suggests why a property rights focus might be a useful perspective to understanding nationalism in the 21st century.

FORMULATING PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC PROSELYTIZATION: A Sociological Contribution

This paper examines the contribution of sociology to the Islamic proselytization. In the context of epistemology, it has the opportunity to develop based on five aspects: factors, systems, interpretative, developmentalism and participatory. The five principles can be developed based on sociological theories. Among these theories, for example are the phenomenology of Islamic proselytization, the social construction of Islamic proselytization, dramaturgy of Islamic proselytization, hermeneutics of Islamic proselytization, communicative acts of Islamic proselytization, and ethnomethodology of Islamic proselytization. Through a sociological approach, the Islamic proselytization will be able to develop more quickly. In further, it can be said that the inclusion of social science is a form of pattern of science development based on the integration of science, namely the phenomenon of Islamic proselytization as an object of study and utilizing other sciences as an approach.

Against connotation mania: A contribution to the sociology of theater

Against connotation mania: A contribution to the sociology of theater

FORMULATING THEORIES OF DAKWAH STUDIES

This paper examines the contribution of sociology to the making of Dakwah studies. From epistemological point of view, dakwah studies develops through five elements: factors, systems, interpretative, developmentalism and participatory. These five elements can be developed based on sociological theories. Through a sociological approach, dakwah studies will be able to contribute to general discussion on the sociology of Muslim societies. The article further argues the inclusion of social science is a pattern of knowledge development based on the integration of science, namely the phenomenon of dakwah as an object of study, while utilizing other social science as approaches.

“Entre séculos”: para uma abordagem histórico-literária da poesia portuguesa entre o Barroco e a Ilustração

Questionando a aplicabilidade do modelo periodológico das histórias romântica e positivista ao estudo da poesia portuguesa dos sécs. xvii-xviii, este texto pretende indagar sobre novas possibilidades metodológicas surgidas no domínio da teorização contemporânea. Teremos, assim, em consideração um âmbito particular, visando o contexto literário entre Barroco e Ilustração (Bègue, Ruiz Pérez); a que somamos o âmbito geral da historiografia literária contemporânea, no qual se propõem novas abordagens temáticas e modelos alternativos de configuração do sentido (Bourdieu, Greenblatt, Valdés). Em suma, procuramos levar a efeito uma revalorização da literatura setecentista através dos instrumentos da nova história literária. História Literária que, através da assimilação de um conjunto de novas perspetivas (sociológicas e hermenêuticas), se nos afigura como percurso renovado, capaz de responder aos desafios institucionais e críticos que a constituem.

Horror body as a bodily manifestation of visibility: 87 ore by Costanza Quatriglio

Abstract Taking as a starting point the recent surge in film and television narratives constructed around and by surveillance technologies, as a metaphor of an omnipotent observation and dystopian motif in narrating a political and cultural change, this article aims to probe how surveillance movies suggest complex phenomenological dynamics in the relationships between body and device. While recent contributions on surveillance films () focus on the practice of body control as a narrative mode, as an image and a show (; ), recent sociological contributions on surveillance recognize the destruction and annihilation of body placed under the aegis of the Great Eye (; ). This article examines Costanza Quatriglio's film to describe the transition from bodies as narrative object to de-naturalizing the human body. The film narrates the night of 4 August 2009 when Mastrogiovanni, a 58-year-old primary school teacher, dies after 87 hours of agony following imprisonment. The film, in the canon of 'reality cinema', consists of 75 minutes of mechanical images recorded from above.