Contradictory State Research Articles

Feature selection based on contradictory state sequence for multi-scale interval valued decision table

In the context of selecting features for multi-scale interval valued decision table (MIVDT), conventional research approaches encounter difficulties including elevated data complexity, diminished computational efficiency, and limited model generalization capacity. To overcome these difficulties, feature selection methods based on contradictory state sequence (CSS) and fuzzy contradictory state sequence (FCSS) are proposed in this paper. Initially, MIVDT is established. According to the characteristics of interval value, a more thorough and impartial metric for assessing the inclusion degree is suggested, along with similarity relation based on the metric. Subsequently, the introduction of the first contradictory object allows for the delineation of contradictory state and fuzzy contradictory state, which serve to characterize the consistency of MIVDT. These two concepts are proposed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of capturing key information in intricate data. Additionally, rapid feature selection algorithms are suggested, which rely on CSS and FCSS. In contrast to conventional feature selection approaches, the algorithms introduced in this study demonstrate superior computational efficiency and enhanced generalization capabilities when confronted with intricate datasets. In twelve open source datasets, the upper limit for the quantity of objects is 110341, and the average accuracy values of experiments under two parameter combinations are 99.54% and 97.08% respectively. The results of experiments demonstrate that the algorithms introduced are capable of efficiently identifying a novel feature subset from intricate datasets within a shorter timeframe.

Peatland Management Policy: How to Build a Good Public-Private Partnership?

Despite the government of Indonesia’s best efforts, several issues have arisen from the lack of policy integration on implementing comprehensive policies for appropriate peatland management. Criticism claims that many current policies put short-term financial gain ahead of long-term sustainability. This study looks at the dynamics resulting from Indonesia’s disjointed implementation of the country’s peatland policy. This research examines laws and regulations on policy concerns adopted in peatland management through a public policy and legal approach. The study’s conclusions highlight the contradictory state of Indonesia’s peatland policy, which is marked by shifts that highlight competing values—giving development and sustainability equal weight, for example. During the dry season, smoke, recurrent fires, and associated health issues are inevitable.

Confusion, Chaos, and Conflict in U.S. Law and Health Care after Dobbs

The U.S. Supreme Court’s Dobbs decision caused a proliferation of contradictory state laws and judicial decisions that are producing confusion for health care providers, which in turn limits access to care for all patients of reproductive age. This paper documents the rapidly changing legal landscape to investigate and contextualize the significance of these inter‑state conflicts and illustrate how inequities deepen when health care is left in the hands of state governments without national law to provide guardrails. Drawing on interdisciplinary scholarship, including legal, medical, and public health research, this essay considers how traditional federalism theory, which encourages sub‑government variation, does not provide clear solutions to state law barriers to inter-state cooperation within a federal union, which has been essential to regulating health care in the U.S.

A new hunger: food shortages and satires of the state in Cuban and Egyptian cultural production

ABSTRACT This paper delineates a distinctly post-1960s expression of hunger and desire for food in Cuban and Egyptian cultural production. Hunger has always been present in aesthetic renditions of everyday life in both locales. Following the early-1960s socialist expansion of the role of the state, a new expression of hunger for animal protein emerged that relied on vegetarian tropes and parodied official discourse. Expressions of this “new hunger” captured the contradictory state of being conditioned, through state food programs, to see the consumption of animal products as the epitome of a healthy diet that endows one with the status of being “developed” and “modern” while simultaneously not being afforded satisfactory access to those food items due to conditions beyond one’s individual control. In such contexts, the average citizen is primarily vegetarian and not by choice, while those with access to power live the promised dream of carnivorous plenty. This article analyzes several political speeches, cartoons, jokes, and songs to map the rhetorical and aesthetic characteristics of such satiric expressions and demonstrate how they were informed by the growing gap between early revolutionary official promises of food for all and actual food shortages.

Formation of civil society in Ukraine in the post-soviet period

The article analyzes the main stages of formation of civil society in Ukraine since independence. Formation of the third sector, shown by the authors against the background of state policy in this area and political events in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian legislation, the study identifies the main stages of state policy in the field of promoting the development of civil society institutions. The analysis of statistical sources helped to establish not only the quantitative characteristics of the development of civil society institutions, but also to identify the main areas of their activities. Researchers conclude that civil society in Ukraine has developed over a long period of time against the background of sometimes contradictory state policy in this area and the lack of a broad social base for the activities of public organizations. As large masses of active, purposeful, motivated citizens who were not members of public organizations, became not only the driving force of the two revolutions to return to the ideals of freedom and equality, but also hinder the emergence of authoritarianism, and now the occupation of the country in Russian-Ukrainian war.

Педагогические публикации и стратегическое планирование развития отечественного образования

We consider problematic issues of readiness in pedagogical community to implement the foundations of state policy to preserve and strengthen traditional Russian spiritual and moral values enshrined in the normative legal documents of the Russian Federation. Analyzed documents that form the basis of strategic planning of domestic education are: materials of the 24th World Russian People’s Council, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “Fundamentals of state policy to preserve and strengthen traditional Russian spiritual and moral values”, the Resolution of the State Duma, the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation. The teachers are currently in a complex and contradictory state: being mentally between philosophy, science and religion, and physically between his native language as the code of Russian culture and the imposed foreign language concepts, values of the era of globalization, they are forced to constantly be in the mode of choice and self-determination on the way to understanding the essence and ways of moving towards the missions of his profession. A number of modern pedagogical publications revealing the spiritual and moral potential of Russian history and culture are analytically comprehended, attention is focused on the constructive and controversial points of view of the authors. It is concluded that national humanitarian ideas have the potential sufficient to preserve and strengthen traditional Russian spiritual and moral values.

Negotiating Otherness? Mission Discourse of Difference among the Swiss and German Schooling Projects in 19th Century Japan

This article explores the personal encounters between the Swiss–German missionaries and their Japanese students through their school projects in the late nineteenth century, as a fresh approach to disclose an entirely new analytical angle to mission education and the production of otherness. By examining the personal encounter of missionaries with their students, it problematizes scholars’ reliance on the concept of otherness as a unidirectional transfer of knowledge from West to non-West. Instead, this study argues, that the process of “othering” should be looked at as a negotiation beyond an East–West hierarchical divide, in which new forms of beliefs and practices for Japanese converts emerged. An analysis of relevant missionary sources reveals that in the period 1885 to 1893 the missionaries’ work with the Japanese students evolved into a seemingly contradictory state. On the one side, the missionaries devoted a great number of resources and time in educating their Japanese subjects into what they perceived to be true Christians. On the other side, they repeatedly expressed deep doubts about their students’ potential to become the type of Christians they envisioned. Focusing on three cases of missionaries’ encounters with Japanese students, this article argues that the attempts and results of negotiating otherness in the Swiss–German mission school projects opened new possibilities for identity formation among Japanese Christians.

ДОПУСТИМА ЛИ СОВМЕСТИМОСТЬ РЕЛИГИИ И НАУКИ?

The article considers the issue of the relationship between science and religion as cultural phenomena that have been in a contradictory state for a long time. The possibilities of overcoming their radical incompatibility, establishing common positions, and achieving the path of reconciliation are being comprehended. Researchers often consider their relationship to be impossible because the development of science and globalization processes do not provide grounds for their compatibility. At the same time, in modern postmodernism there is a point of view focused on overcoming their sharp opposition, mutual denial based on the erosion of basic provisions. In this regard, researchers strive to overcome the crisis of religion and modern science by establishing a dialogue between these forms of culture. For them, the convergence and complementarity of religion and science is a real prospect, forming a kind of symbiosis of their modern development. At the same time, supporters of this approach express a position that changes the meaning of religion and the transcendental, who believe that the meaning of objective, true knowledge for science is also changing.

Women, Writing and the Iraqi Baʿthist State. Contending Discourses of Resistance and Collaboration, 1968–2003

Women, Writing and the Iraqi Baʿthist State. Contending Discourses of Resistance and Collaboration, 1968–2003

Personal Reflections on Supervision as Instructional Leadership: From Whence It Came and To Where Shall It Go?

The field of supervision has perennially struggled to define itself and, hence, find a niche within the larger field of education and, more narrowly, even within the field of instructional leadership. A sort of an odd, almost contradictory state exists, one in which precludes, in my opinion, the field of supervision from gaining traction as a field, but also, perhaps more importantly, as an influential practice in schools. Books on supervision seem popular, but only in title. In others words, publishers, for instance, prefer the word "supervision" as part of the title of books they publish on the subject, whereas scholars in the field tend to eschew the term in favor of a term, perhaps, more palatable such as instructional or pedagogical leadership. Scholars in our field have had to grapple with this bifurcation. This essay discusses some of the implications of the intractable nature of supervision theory and practice and its relationship with the emergence of newer, more preferred terms. This essay attempts to clarify the relationships among supervision, instructional leadership, pedagogical leadership, and some other terms bandied about in the field. Are there differences between and among them? What are the implications for the field of supervision, as well as for the world of practice?

Claiming the Countryside: Ekistics, Socio-Political Conflicts, and Emerging Cold-War Geopolitics During Greek Reconstruction

This article investigates the complex ties between planning, socio-political conflicts, and emerging Cold War geopolitics during the post-war reconstruction period in Greece, by focusing on the years between 1944 and 1947. In these crucial transitional years, transnational flows of expertise, interwar legacies, and political, scientific, and ideological contestations gave rise to novel planning ideas and antagonistic visions for the country’s reconstruction and its future development path. The article sheds light on how the architect-planner Constantinos Doxiadis formulated Ekistics as a spatial vision, a mode of central planning, and a technical guide, examining how Ekistics affected the shaping of reconstruction policies, particularly in the countryside. This analysis further exposes the way the Greek countryside became the locus of competing visions of spatial development, as well as contradictory state responses: from long-term housing policies and self-help practices all the way to ideological repression and population resettlement strategies, British interventionism, and Civil War conflicts (1946–49) that paved the ground to Greece’s subsequent US-led recovery programs under the Truman Doctrine (1947) and the Marshal Plan (1948–1952). By focusing on the paradigmatic case of Greece, this article advances an understanding of European reconstruction as an uneven, contested, and transitional process and highlights the implications of architecture and planning discourses and practices amid ideological, territorial, and geopolitical contestations.

Ambiguity and Utopia in the Discourse of Design

Design research is at an impasse. Everyday design practice requires accounting for the methods and principles of design. Design theory fails to provide such an account. Despite this, the apparent failure of design theory to explain design does not diminish the practice of design. How can this be so? This article investigates this contradictory state of affairs by analyzing the discursive strategies that the contradiction generates. It begins by defining ambiguity and utopia as contrasting dispositions towards social contradictions. Next, it elaborates their relation in a non-design context, the HBO television drama The Wire. Finally, it considers these dispositions in the context of design theory, highlighting the discursive formations that arise from the inability of design theory to fully explain the everyday practice of design. The article concludes by reflecting on the inevitability of this failure and the productive potential of assimilating this ambiguity as a theoretical principle.

State entropy and burst suppression ratio can show contradictory information: A retrospective study.

Burst suppression is a characteristic electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern that reflects very deep levels of general anaesthesia and may correlate with increased risk of adverse outcomes such as postoperative delirium. EEG-based monitors such as the Entropy Module estimate the level of anaesthesia (state entropy) and provide another index reflecting the occurrence of burst suppression, that is the ratio of burst and suppression (BSR). In the Entropy Module, state entropy and BSR are not interconnected, as they are in the bispectral index (BIS). Hence, state entropy and BSR may provide contradicting information regarding the level of anaesthesia. We aimed to describe the frequency and characteristics of contradicting state entropy and BSR and to present possible strategies of how to act in these situations. We based our analyses on state entropy and BSR trend recordings from 2551 patients older than 59 years that showed BSR was > 0 throughout their intervention under general anaesthesia. We determined the maximum state entropy when BSR was > 0, the minimum state entropy with BSR = 0 and the duration of high state entropy with BSR > 0. Further, we selected four exemplar patients to present details of how state entropy and BSR can contradict each other during anaesthesia. We observed a wide range of state entropy values with BSR > 0. The median [IQR] of the maximum state entropy with BSR > 0 was 53 [45 to 61] and the median of the minimum state entropy without BSR was 21 [15 to 26]. Contradictory BSR and state entropy could persist over several minutes. The presented cases highlight these contradictory BSR and state entropy situations. Our results illustrate contradictory state entropy and BSR indices that may be relevant for anaesthesia navigation. Longer-lasting episodes may lead to incorrect titration of the depth of the hypnotic component of anaesthesia. Hence, our results demonstrate the necessity to monitor and check the raw EEG or EEG parameters that are less processed than the commercially available indices to safely navigate anaesthesia.

Fractured lives in fractured cities: towards a critical Public Health approach to urban violence

Abstract Background 43 of the 50 cities with the highest homicide rates worldwide are Latin American. Although the mechanisms through which urban violence is (re-)produced are complex, the inequalities that shape fragmented Latin American urban landscapes and define the patterns of urban violence have been forged by sociopolitical processes including market-driven urban restructuring processes in the realm of “actually existing” neoliberalism. The comparative case study on two neighborhoods in Bogotá and Rio de Janeiro seeks to contribute to the development of a critical Public Health approach to urban violence that moves beyond the description of death registries and the association of discrete risk factors. Methods The case studies are based on qualitative analyses of 4 focus groups and 46 semi-structured interviews with residents and specialists (2016 and 2019) using the Framework Method as well as comprehensive literature reviews. Results Both cases reveal nuanced processes through which urban violence is produced and reproduced by different actors and suggest that violence is inherent in the market-driven territorial making and un-making of increasingly “fragmented” cities. The cases suggest that violence is implied in threats of eviction, “necropolitical” police/military interventions and in the silent imposition of a “slow death” on urban infrastructure and entire neighborhoods, which bring about health consequences that include injuries but also shape other health problems. Both cases provide evidence to suggest selective and contradictory state presence that implies, admits or reinforces violence. Conclusions The cases combat simplistic readings of Latin American urban violence as a phenomenon exclusively related to confrontations between rival drug gangs and the police or aggressive individuals by revealing a great variety of actors and processes involved in (re-)producing urban violence that have serious implications for life and health in Latin American cities. Key messages Need for a critical Public Health approach to urban violence that moves beyond the description of death registries and the association of discrete risk factors. A great variety of actors and processes is involved in (re-) producing urban violence that have serious implications for life and health in Latin American cities.

China's US-centric Mentality and the Evolution of Its North Korea Policy after the Cold War

North Korea's missile and nuclear tests conducted unilaterally have put China's North Korea policy under intense internal and external pressures. The dramatic developments since 2018 like the détente of the two Koreas and the unprecedented US–North Korea summits are not to be seen as signs that China has played an effective role through its North Korea policy. Why does North Korea always seem to have the upper hand in its relationship with China despite its obvious unilateral economic dependence on China? How did Sino–North Korean relations evolve into their current contradictory state? What is the nature of their relationship? This article considers these questions by analysing China's North Korea policy over the past three decades, since the end of the Cold War. Current research mainly focuses on analyses of specific periods and the interpretation of specific events. By systemically investigating the policy evolution in the past 30 years, this article argues that the US-centric mentality is the primary variable for informing China's perception and policy towards North Korea after the Cold War.

‘Era mejor cuando éramos ilegales’ (it was better when we were illegals): Indigenous people, the State and ‘public interest’ indigenous radio stations in Colombia

This article discusses the intervention of the Colombian State in the development of indigenous radio stations, focusing on the case of the Misak and Nasa communities. As shown, these radio stations have had different contributions in these indigenous communities, such as forging a new generation of leaders, promoting their languages, and encouraging political mobilisation. However, these media projects have also brought new challenges for these communities, calling for a more careful consideration of the complexities of state intervention in community radio projects. This article contributes to a better understanding of the impact of state intervention in indigenous media, by focusing on three main features that illustrate some of the unintended consequences of these projects: 1) contradictory state legislation that, instead of empowering indigenous media projects, tamed their political potential; 2) the ‘natural’ role of radio stations as a ‘modern disruptors’ (Appadurai, 1996) that may have positives as well as negative consequence in the changes they generate in indigenous communities; and 3) the internal political struggles within these indigenous communities.

Conceptualization of the experience of the individual in the educational space in the light of scientific rationality as a problem of professional identity in global and sociocultural dynamics

As a problem, professional identity associated with the educational space is investigated from the position of belonging to professional groups. The contradictory state of education in the modern world actualizes the problem of identity in the educational space from the perspective of classical modern European rationality with its focus on the scientific forms of cognition, knowledge. The current situation in the world educational space is developed in the ambiguity of the idea of the world, which is expressed in the crisis of universalism and cognitive integrity: the place of rational knowledge in culture is replaced by mythic ideas. The way of thinking exists independently of the individual. The transfer of thinking is a learning task. However, at the present stage, with a sharp increase in the amount of information reported, the emphasis is on formalizing of the educational process, rather than constructivizing. The teacher’s responsibility as a carrier of scientific rationality, which primarily defines the universal meaning of human activity in the transmission of social experience and knowledge, is growing. The level of education of a person is a measure of implementation of the possibility of his/her formation, taking into account the dichotomous nature of the individual's socialization and professional identity based on it. Such a holistic perception of the world will allow gaining a deep understanding of the essence of things, fitting science into the cultural context of modernity.

Caged Bodies and Women’s Citizenship in (Post-) Colonial Jordan: An Analysis of Civic Studies Textbooks

This paper focuses on female political socialisation in postcolonial Jordan, exploring the role of religion and patriarchy in shaping women’s citizenship identity and the manner in which school civic and national studies curriculum portrays women’s rights and their citizenship status. Based on the analysis, there are three types of social class citizens, one for the rulers, one for men, and one for women. Further, the findings suggest that the emphasis in these school textbooks is on loyalty to the monarchy and attachment to the nation. Women’s rights as citizens remain overwhelmed by patriarchy, religion, and by contradictory state policies and laws, partially drawn from the universal principles of citizenship. Theoretically, this study adds another facet to the understanding of the complex forces which contribute to the formation of contemporary citizenship identity in the nation-state system. Postcolonial states, in particular, are interesting cases due to the impact of their colonial heritage, tradition, and their attempts to advance partial modernisation amenable with universal human rights.

Amicus Brief of ICLE and Participating Scholars, Mozilla v. FCC

ICLE filed a brief in support of Petitioners in the D.C. Circuit case, Mozilla v. FCC, a case that challenged the FCC’s authority to issue the Restoring Internet Freedom Order (“RIFO”). In RIFO, the FCC repealed the Title II classification on ISPs, preempted conflicting state laws, and applied a transparency rule against ISPs, among other provisions. In our brief, we argue that: Contrary to the claims of Petitioners, the Commission acted well within its authority in adopting the Order. The Commission developed a comprehensive regulatory scheme for ISPs that includes both obligations imposed under the Communications Act, as well as complementary regulation and potential enforcement under antitrust law by the Commission’s sister agencies. As we show below, this competition-oriented, light touch regulatory regime comports with the relevant provisions and stated goals of the Communications Act far better than the ex ante rules adopted in the Title II Order. In adopting this competition-oriented regulatory regime, the Commission also acted within its authority to preempt contradictory state laws under well- established precedent. The Commission did so while properly allowing for states to continue to regulate under other laws of general applicability that do not conflict with or frustrate the federal policies underlying the Order. Accordingly, the Order should be upheld and the petitions for review should be denied.

Negotiating statist neoliberalism: the political economy of post-revolution Egypt

ABSTRACTThis article explores the reproduction of Egypt’s post-revolutionary political economy under the military regime. Through an examination of tax and fiscal policy, the authors argue that a strategic wedding of seemingly contradictory state types allows the current regime to create a hybrid they call ‘statist neoliberalism’. The article argues that this hybrid form is not accidental, but is an intentional project that allows the state to sustain neoliberal reforms, whilst maintaining its long-standing control over society and the economy.