Definition Of Contract Research Articles

Fixed point theorems in metric spaces

In this paper, we establish two general theorems for equivalence between the Meir–Keeler type contractive conditions and the contractive definitions involving gauge functions. One of these theorems is an extension of a recent result of Lim (On characterization of Meir–Keeler contractive maps, Nonlinear Anal. 46 (2001) 113–120). Also, we establish the following new fixed point theorem. Suppose ϕ : R + → R + is a contractive gauge function in the sense that for any ε > 0 there exists δ > ε such that ε < t < δ implies ϕ ( t ) ⩽ ε , and suppose T is a continuous and asymptotically regular selfmapping on a complete metric space ( X , d ) satisfying the following: (i) d ( Tx , Ty ) ⩽ ϕ ( D ( x , y ) ) for all x , y ∈ X , and (ii) d ( Tx , Ty ) < D ( x , y ) for all x , y ∈ X with x ≠ y , where D ( x , y ) = d ( x , y ) + γ . [ d ( x , Tx ) + d ( y , Ty ) ] with γ ⩾ 0 . Then T has a unique fixed point and all of the Picard iterates of T converge to this fixed point. This result includes those of Jachimski (Equivalent conditions and the Meir–Keeler type theorems, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 194 (1995) 293–303), Matkowski (Fixed point theorems for contractive mappings in metric spaces, Cas. Pest. Mat. 105 (1980) 341–344) and others.

EXTENDING CHOREOGRAPHY WITH BUSINESS CONTRACT CONSTRAINTS

Business contracts play a central role in governing commercial interactions between organizations. It is increasingly recognized that business contract conditions need to be closely linked to internal and external business processes, both to reduce the risk of contract violations and to ensure compliance with legislative regimes. Recent research has proposed contract languages allowing the specification of obligations, permissions and prohibitions in business contracts. Business processes that cross-organizational boundaries can be specified in choreography and coordination languages but these do not provide appropriate abstractions for contract constraints. In this paper, we examine the transformation of contract constraints in a business contract language into expressions in a choreography language. An example cross-organizational process is presented, along with a specification of the process in a choreography language and a specification of a set of contract conditions for the process in a business contract language. The contract terms are then translated into choreography expressions that govern the process to ensure compliance. Subsequent discussion explores a number of business and technology issues related to the results. We conclude that cross-organizational business processes can be monitored and enforced according to business contract specifications through the transformation of a contract definition to constraints on process behavior.

Generalization of Meir-Keeler type fixed point theorems

The purpose of this paper is two fold. In the following pages we prove common fixed point theorems for four mappings $ A$, $B$, $S$ and $ T $ (say) under the Meir-Keeler type $ (\varepsilon, \delta) $ condition, however, without imposing any additional condition on $delta$ or using a $ \phi $-contractive condition together with. Simultaneously we also show that none of the $ A $, $ B $, $ S $ or $ T $ is continuous at their common fixed point. Thus we not only generalize the Meir-Keeler type and Boyd-Wong type fixed point theorems, but also provide one more answer to the problem (see Rhoades [19]) on the existence of a contractive definition, which is strong enough to generate a fixed point but does not force the map to be continuous at the fixed point.

Expansion and Contraction of Finite States

We present a theory that copes with the dynamics of inconsistent information. A method is set forth to represent possibly inconsistent information by a finite state. Next, finite operations for expansion and contraction of finite states are given. No extra-logical element — a choice function or an ordering over (sets of) sentences — is presupposed in the definition of contraction. Moreover, expansion and contraction are each other's duals. AGM-style characterizations of these operations follow.

Psychological Contracts in Local Government

Psychological contracts are agreements between managers and individual workers that aim to increase worker commitment and alignment with the needs of the organization. Psychological contracts clarify expectations,addr ess ambiguity, and attempt to ensure a reasonable balance between expectations (what one gets) and contributions (what one gives). Based on a national survey,this study finds that in about one half of U.S. citiesmostmanagers believe they have a psychological contract of some sort and that in about one fifth of cities,these understandings meet amore stringent definition of such contracts. Respondents report that utilizing the notion of psychological contracts improves understanding and agreement about employees’ and managers’ responsibilities and also increases openness in communication. Psychological contracts are associated with the use of performance enhancement strategies,and some respondents report that they increase loyalty and trust as well.

Changing Organizational Forms and the Employment Relationship

This paper draws upon new research in the UK into the relationship between changing organizational forms and the reshaping of work in order to consider the changing nature of the employment relationship. The development of more complex organizational forms – such as cross organization networking, partnerships, alliances, use of external agencies for core as well as peripheral activities, multi‐employer sites and the blurring of public/private sector divide – has implications for both the legal and the socially constituted nature of the employment relationship. The notion of a clearly defined employer–employee relationship becomes difficult to uphold under conditions where employees are working in project teams or on‐site beside employees from other organizations, where responsibilities for performance and for health and safety are not clearly defined, or involve more than one organization. This blurring of the relationship affects not only legal responsibilities, grievance and disciplinary issues and the extent of transparency and equity in employment conditions, but also the definition, constitution and implementation of the employment contract defined in psychological and social terms. Do employees perceive their responsibilities at work to lie with the direct employer or with the wider enterprise or network organization? And do these perceptions affect, for example, how work is managed and carried out and how far learning and incremental knowledge at work is integrated in the development of the production or service process? So far the investigation of both conflicts and complementarities in the workplace have focused primarily on the dynamic interactions between the single employer and that organization’s employees. The development of simultaneously more fragmented and more networked organizational forms raises new issues of how to understand potential conflicts and contradictions around the ‘employer’ dimension to the employment relationship in addition to more widely recognized conflicts located on the employer–employee axis.

The legal aspects of teleworking

This article discusses teleworking from a legal perspective. Although spreading rapidly, the many legal aspects of teleworking are under‐represented in the literature. The main issues covered in this article are the definition of teleworking, employment relationships and employment contracts, civil liability, and other legal considerations. Lastly, implications are discussed for both the management of organisations and the legal establishment.

The Derivative with respect to a Tensor: some Theoretical Aspects and Applications

The object of the paper is the derivative with respect to a second-order tensor. Basis-free as well as basis-related definitions of the derivative are addressed and compared. Special attention is focused on the derivative of a tensor function defined on a subset of all linear mappings within the real vector space, symmetric second-order tensors representing a most important example of such a subset. Due to a special definition of the simple contraction of fourth- and second-order tensors the well-known product rule of differentiation valid for scalar functions is proved to hold also for second-order tensor functions. Introducing a new tensor product of second-order tensors, another tensor differentiation rules as well as some useful tensor algebra operations are formulated. Applying this formalism the derivative of non-symmetric tensor power series is obtained in a closed form. This closed-formula solution is finally illustrated by some examples of continuum mechanics. As such, simple expressions for the derivative of the stretch and rotation tensor with respect to the deformation gradient and for the stresses conjugate to the logarithmic and more general Hill's strains are presented.

From safety contract to safety agreement.

1. Confusion and controversy continue to surround the definition and use of safety contracts. 2. A safety agreement based on Orlando's Nursing Theory may be a more practical, concise, and nurse-patient friendly means to promote patient safety. 3. The key ingredients in a safety agreement are identifying patients' immediate safety needs and decreasing patients' immediate distress related to safety through the nurse-patient relationship. 4. The value of a safety agreement lies not in the tool itself but in its promotion of a nurse-patient relationship that involves communication and collaboration.

An Introduction to the Law of Contracts in Italy

This paper is intended to give the foreign reader a very general outline of the law of contracts in Italy. After a brief introduction on the historical background of the law of contracts in 18th and 19th century Italy, I analyze the definition of contract under Italian law, and the basic elements of contract as defined in the Italian Civil Code. Furthermore, my analysis concentrates on some major classifications existing in Italian law and affecting contract law, and on the relationship between contract and torts, contract and the law of property, contract and trust. A few final remarks are centered upon matters regarding contract drafting and negotiation and contract interpretation.

Experiences in reusing technical reference architectures

Despite significant investment, the promise of reuse in IT (information technology) solution development --shorter delivery times, cost reductions, risk mitigation -- has seldom been realized in practice. The difficulties of reuse at the front end of the projects have overwhelmed the potential benefits downstream. Enterprise Solutions Structure (ESS) is designed to provide a rigorous and powerful structure to facilitate the sharing of experience and IT architectural assets across IBM's solutions development community worldwide. The key question this paper seeks to answer is, can the ESS approach address this very real barrier and deliver the promised value? Described here by the consultants involved are a number of customer engagements in which the early ESS work was exploited. We show how relevant assets could readily be identified and the value they contributed to both our clients and IBM at different stages of the full engagement life cycle--at bid/proposal time, in contract definition and scoping, and during the engagement - and the continuing benefit after the engagement. Finally we outline some of the challenges yet to be addressed.

A study of the use of radiological pelvimetry in a Chinese population

To audit the use of radiological pelvimetry in a teaching obstetric unit in a Chinese population. A prospective observational study included all radiological pelvimetries performed in one obstetric unit over 8 months. All pelvimetries were assessed by one of the authors, and the outcome of pregnancy was reviewed. Among 5576 women delivered in that period, 298 (5.3%) had a pelvimetry. The anteroposterior diameter of the outlet (APO) was on average 9.3 mm smaller than the obstetric conjugate (OC), and was below the definition of pelvic contraction in more than 70% of cases. Previous Cesarean sections accounted for 90.9% of the antenatal radiological pelvimetries. The result of this investigation affected the clinical management in more than 80% of these patients. The chance of successful vaginal delivery was directly related to the pelvic dimensions. Radiological pelvimetry may provide additional information which could facilitate the counseling of patients with a history of previous Cesarean section.

An extension of A. Ostrowski's Theorem on the round-off stability of iterations

A. M. Ostrowski established the stability of the procedure of successive approximations for Banach contractive maps. In this paper we generalize the above result by using a more general contractive definition introduced by F. Browder. Further, we study the case of maps on metrically convex metric spaces and compact metric spaces, obtaining results relative to fixed point theorems of D. W. Boyd and J. S. W. Wong, and M. Edelstein. Finally, as a by-product of our basic lemma, we extend a recent result of T. Vidalis concerning the convergence of an iteration procedure involving an infinite sequence of maps.

Chapter 27. Definition and Terms of a Contract

Chapter 27. Definition and Terms of a Contract

A common fixed point theorem for a sequence of fuzzy mappings

We obtain a common fixed point theorem for a sequence of fuzzy mappings, satisfying a contractive definition more general than that of Lee, Lee, Cho and Kim [2].Let (X, d) be a complete linear metric space. A fuzzy set A in X is a function from X into [0, 1]. If x ∈ X, the function value A(x) is called the grade of membership of X in A. The α‐level set of A, Aα : = {x : A(x) ≥ α, if α ∈ (0, 1]}, and . W(X) denotes the collection of all the fuzzy sets A in X such that Aα is compact and convex for each α ∈ [0, 1] and supx∈XA(x) = 1. For A, B ∈ W(X), A ⊂ B means A(x) ≤ B(x) for each x ∈ X. For A, B ∈ W(X), α ∈ [0, 1], define urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm465769:ijmm465769-math-0002 , where dH is the Hausdorff metric induced by the metric d. We notc that Pα is a nondecrcasing function of α and D is a metric on W(X).Let X be an arbitrary set, Y any linear metric space. F is called a fuzzy mapping if F is a mapping from the set X into W(Y).In earlier papers the author and Bruce Watson, [3] and [4], proved some fixed point theorems for some mappings satisfying a very general contractive condition. In this paper we prove a fixed point theorem for a sequence of fuzzy mappings satisfying a special case of this general contractive condition. We shall first prove the theorem, and then demonstrate that our definition is more general than that appearing in [2].Let D denote the closure of the range of d. We shall be concerned with a function Q, defined on d and satisfying the following conditions: urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm465769:ijmm465769-math-0003 LEMMA 1. [1] Let (X, d) be a complete linear metric space, F a fuzzy mapping from X into W(X) and x0 ∈ X. Then there exists an x1 ∈ X such that {x1} ⊂ F(x0).

Periodic and fixed point theorems in a quasi-metric space

AbstractGeneral periodic and fixed point theorems are proved for a class of self maps of a quasi-metric space which satisfy the contractive definition (A) below. Two examples are presented to show that the class of mappings which satisfy (A) is indeed wider than a class of selfmaps which satisfy Caristi's contractive definition (C) below. Also a common fixed point theorem for a pair of maps which satisfy a contractive condition (D) below is established.

A remark on Rhoades fixed point theorem for non‐self mappings

LetXbe a Banach space,Ka non-empty closed subset ofXandT:K→Xa mapping satisfying the contractive definition (1.1) below and the conditionT(∂K)⫅K. ThenThas a unique fixed point inK. This result improves Theorem of Rhoades [1] and generalizes the corresponding theorem of Assad [2].

Fixed points and continuity for multivalued mappings

Many of the contractive definitions do not require continuity of the map. However, in a previous paper the second author has shown in [1] that, in most cases, the function is continuous at a fixed point. In this paper we show that the same behavior is exhibited for many multivalued mappings.

Dynamic cooperative electricity exchange in a power pool

An approach to the design of a transaction agreement in an electric power pool is proposed. The electricity exchange takes place over a fixed time interval in a stochastic environment. The incentive for the electricity exchanges is due to disparity in the time patterns of the marginal operating costs between the utilities. Electricity produced at the different periods is used as the medium of exchange and no monetary payments between the utilities take place. The exchange policy is chosen so that the savings are distributed to the participants in an equitable manner. The contract definition problem is approached from the point of view of cooperative game theory. Because of the uncertainty, the contract is adjusted at each period so that fair division of the cost savings is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A FIXED POINT THEOREM FOR SOME NON-SELF-MAPPINGS

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; A fixed point theorem is proved for continuous mappings from a nonempty closed subset $K$, of a Banach space $X$, into $X$, and which satisfies contractive definition definition (3) and property (a) below. &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;