Continuous Movement Research Articles

Geometry-Gradient Magnetocontrollable Lubricant-Infused Microwall Array for Passive/Active Hybrid Bidirectional Droplet Transport.

Manipulation of droplets has increasingly garnered global attention, owing to its multifarious potential applications, including microfluidics and medical diagnostic tests. To control the droplet motion, geometry-gradient-based passive transport has emerged as a well-established strategy, which induces a Laplace pressure difference based on the droplet radius differences in confined state and transport droplets with no consumption of external energy, whereas this transportation method has inevitably shown some critical limitations: unidirectionality, uncontrollability, short moving distance, and low velocity. Herein, a magnetocontrollable lubricant-infused microwall array (MLIMA) is designed as a key solution to this issue. In the absence of a magnetic field, droplets can spontaneously travel from the tip toward the root of the structure as a result of the geometry-gradient-induced Laplace pressure difference. When the subject of an external magnetic field, the microwalls bend and overlap sequentially, ultimately resulting in the formation of a continuous slippery meniscus surface. The formed meniscus surface can exert sufficient propulsive force to surmount the Laplace pressure difference of the droplet, thereby effectuating active transport. Through the continuous movement of the microwalls, droplets can be actively transported against the Laplace pressure difference from the root to the tip side of the MLIMA or continue to actively move to the root after finishing the passive self-transport. This work demonstrates passive/active hybrid bidirectional droplet transport capabilities, validates its feasibility in the accurate control of droplet manipulation, and exhibits great potential in chemical microreactions, bioassays, and the medical field.

Actigraphy: An Adjunctive Method to Measure Irritability in Opioid-Exposed Newborns.

Background and purpose: Conventional measures of withdrawal in newborns with prenatal opioid exposure (POE) rely on nursing assessments, including the subjective judgment of infant irritability. This study investigated limb movement actigraphy as a tool for providing an objective, quantifiable measure of underlying distress. Methods: Correlational analyses compared continuous physiological-detected movement actigraphy and clinical intervallic-scored symptomology (modified Finnegan system) obtained from a control cohort of 37 term neonates with POE studied in their crib in the newborn unit (1-8 days). Results: Infants spent 15% crib time in high movement activity (>100 movements/minute; index irritability) and 38% crib time in low activity (0-5 movements/minute; index calm). There was a significant positive association between actigraphy and Finnegan composite score (r = .28, P = .001) and between actigraphy and subcomponent scores (i.e., central nervous system, gastrointestinal, and metabolic-vasomotor-respiratory). Conclusion: Movement activity via actigraphy captures underlying distress and calm not measured by conventional assessments. Such objective, quantifiable measures can serve to promote equitable assessment and treatment of hospitalized newborns with POE.

“THE MYSTERY OF THIS JOURNEY”: DAVID HERBERT LAWRENCE’S CREATIVE QUEST TO DISCOVER TRUE CIVILIZATION

David Herbert Lawrence is famous for telling us to trust the tale, not the artist. When we read the notoriously varied and vital Lawrence, there are many places where he seems to over reach, if not to outright contradict himself. This essay focuses on much of the complexity and ambiguity of Lawrence’s thought and its constantly evolving and even self-contradictory nature. Lawrence understands civilization with his utmost creativity and originality – finding the sun and relating it to the sexual vitality of the man – develops over the various travels. And in this essay, I focus on how this creative development is reflected in the travel writings. The more he travels, the more he discovers the subjugation of the self and the subsequent mechanization of it. The creative struggle to overcome this impotence informs Lawrence’s travel literature. His four travel books, namely Twilight in Italy (originally published in 1916), Sea and Sardinia (originally published in 1921), Mornings in Mexico (originally published 1927), and Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays (originally published 1932) are reflective of different stages in Lawrence’s journey to understand how human beings relate to the world they are integrally part of. Lawrence uses his travel to transcend his own nationality too. Lawrence goes on to assert that he belongs to no country. Surely this relates ironically to his belief in the “spirit of place”. The essay deeply focuses on his continued movement from place to place with deep consideration of this complex belief.

The case of a 49-year-old man with involuntary toe movements.

A 49-year-old man presented with 3 years of leg pain and involuntary toe movements. He described the pain as mild burning, radiating from the left foot upward to the leg. On examination, there were involuntary continuous flexion-extension movements of his left toes (video). Strength, sensation, and reflexes were normal. Lumbosacral MRI demonstrated diffuse degenerative disc disease with multi-level mild-to-moderate foraminal stenosis. Nerve conduction studies were normal. EMG showed neurogenic potentials and active denervation changes in the left anterior tibial and soleus muscles consistent with radiculopathy. The diagnosis of painful legs and moving toes is discussed.

Hemichorea-Hemiballismus Revealing Diabetes Mellitus

Nonketotic hyperglycemia is a rare cause of hemichorea-hemiballismus. We report a case hemichorea-hemiballismus secondary to nonketotic hyperglycemia revealing an inaugural diabetes mellitus. A 55 year-old woman, admitted for subacute-onset of continuous involuntary movements in the right upper and lower limb since three days ago. The movements increased with action, decreased with relaxation, and disappeared during sleep. As the condition did not affect her trunk, other limbs, or her face and no other conditions were evident. At admission, the right upper and lower limb was moving involuntarily. The movement was wild, flailing, and repetitive with varied amplitudes and frequencies. No tremor and rigidity were elucidated and cerebellar signs were negative. Laboratory tests revealed diabetes mellitus, with a fasting blood glucose level of 4,60 g/L and a hemoglobin A1C level of 14.0%. The urine examination was negative for ketones. CT of the brain showed left pallidum hyperdensity. The brain MRI revealed hyperintense signal in the left pallidum on T1-weighted images and isointensity on T2-weighted images. Other laboratory results were within the normal range. A diagnosis of hyperglycemia-associated hemichorea-hemiballismus was made. An insulin treatment and oral antidiabetics were instored. She was subsequently discharged after 14 days of hospital stay with improved glycemic control. Three months after, her chorea-ballismus was completely resolved. A control of brain MRI six month after showed marked improvement in the putaminal changes. Vigilance for this cause of hemichorea-hemiballism is important, since the movement disorder may be the presentation of potentially dangerous underlying hyperglycemia.

Neural correlates of perceptual texture change during active touch.

Texture changes occur frequently during real-world haptic explorations, but the neural processes that encode perceptual texture change remain relatively unknown. The present study examines cortical oscillatory changes during transitions between different surface textures during active touch. Participants explored two differing textures whilst oscillatory brain activity and finger position data were recorded using 129-channel electroencephalography and a purpose-built touch sensor. These data streams were fused to calculate epochs relative to the time when the moving finger crossed the textural boundary on a 3D-printed sample. Changes in oscillatory band power in alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (16-24 Hz) and theta (4-7 Hz) frequency bands were investigated. Alpha-band power reduced over bilateral sensorimotor areas during the transition period relative to ongoing texture processing, indicating that alpha-band activity is modulated by perceptual texture change during complex ongoing tactile exploration. Further, reduced beta-band power was observed in central sensorimotor areas when participants transitioned from rough to smooth relative to transitioning from smooth to rough textures, supporting previous research that beta-band activity is mediated by high-frequency vibrotactile cues. The present findings suggest that perceptual texture change is encoded in the brain in alpha-band oscillatory activity whilst completing continuous naturalistic movements across textures.

P‐90: Evaluating Maxwellian view design with a non‐equal weighting matrix

In this work, we proposed an algorithm to evaluate any reflective polarization volume hologram (R‐PVH) Maxwellian view design based on a non‐equal weighting matrix of the field of view and gaze angle. A continuous eye movement from 0 to 17 degrees towards the ear is considered. The comparison of the eyebox of the example designs is presented after using the weighting matrix of the field of view and gaze angle. This algorithm gives us a method to evaluate any design based on the weighted distance to the center of the pupil.

Simulation of Vibrating Intrinsic Reverberation Chambers Using an FDTD Conformal Mesh

This article presents an original simulation procedure devoted to the simulation of arbitrary-shaped reverberation chambers especially well suited for the analysis of vibrating intrinsic reverberation chambers (VIRC). The described method is based upon conformal finite-difference in time-domain (FDTD) modeling in order to model the rough surface geometry of the VIRC walls. On this point, we take full advantage of the performance of our in-house numerical FDTD code called TEMSI-FD and of its associated conformal mesher. First, uncorrelated geometries of the VIRC under study have been generated in order to analyze its performance as a RC from the computed <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$</tex-math></inline-formula> parameter of a log-periodic antenna. Second, correlated geometries have been generated in order to consider the continuous movement of the VIRC walls with a straightforward algorithm, each geometry being associated to a given instant. In both frequency and time domains, numerical outcomes demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental results available in the literature in similar conditions.

A resonant single-wing bionic piezoelectric motor based on a biasing self-clamping mechanism.

In this study, a resonant single-wing bionic piezoelectric motor based on a biasing self-clamping mechanism inspired by dragonfly flight was designed, assembled, and tested. The main mechanism of the designed piezoelectric motor includes a mover (including a vibrator, clamping foot, bionic pedestal, etc.), a stator, and other auxiliary components. The clamping foot of the mover contacts the side of the stator to form a biasing self-clamping mechanism, which can achieve a clamping effect within half a cycle of the vibrator's resonant vibration. The piezoelectric plate on the vibrator receives a single harmonic excitation from the signal generator, causing the base plate to bend and distort. The base plate drives the clamping foot to move regularly, causing the mover to perform a linear motion. Moreover, repeated single harmonic excitations can realize the continuous movement of the mover. The structure of the piezoelectric motor was optimized using COMSOL6.0, which is a finite element analysis software. The first-order bending vibration of the vibrator was chosen as the working mode through finite element simulation, and an experimental platform was built. The performance of the prototype piezoelectric motor was tested and verified on the experimental platform. The final experimental data show that under the conditions of 300Vp-p excitation voltage and 109Hz driving frequency, the maximum no-load speed of the prototype reaches 6.184 mm/s, and the maximum load of the motor is 4g.

Begomoviruses: what is the secret(s) of their success?

Begomoviruses constitute an extremely successful group of emerging plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci complex. Hosts include important vegetable, root, and fiber crops grown in the tropics and subtropics. Factors contributing to the ever-increasing diversity and success of begomoviruses include their predisposition to recombine their genomes, interaction with DNA satellites recruited throughout their evolution, presence of wild plants as a virus reservoir and a source of speciation, and extreme polyphagia and continuous movement of the insect vectors to temperate regions. These features as well as some controversial issues (replication in the insect vector, putative seed transmission, transmission by insects other than B. tabaci, and expansion of the host range to monocotyledonous plants) will be analyzed in this review.

Omnidirectional Continuous Movement Method of Dual-Arm Robot in a Space Station.

The burgeoning complexity of space missions has amplified the research focus on robots that are capable of assisting astronauts in accomplishing tasks within space stations. Nevertheless, these robots grapple with substantial mobility challenges in a weightless environment. This study proposed an omnidirectional continuous movement method for a dual-arm robot, inspired by the movement patterns of astronauts within space stations. On the basis of determining the configuration of the dual-arm robot, the kinematics and dynamics model of the robot during contact and flight phases were established. Thereafter, several constraints are determined, including obstacle constraints, prohibited contact area constraints, and performance constraints. An optimization algorithm based on the artificial bee colony algorithm was proposed to optimize the trunk motion law, contact point positions between the manipulators and the inner wall, as well as the driving torques. Through the real-time control of the two manipulators, the robot is capable of achieving omnidirectional continuous movement across various inner walls with complex structures while maintaining optimal comprehensive performance. Simulation results demonstrate the correctness of this method. The method proposed in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the application of mobile robots within space stations.

Identifying signatures of positive selection in human populations from North Africa

Because of its location, North Africa (NA) has witnessed continuous demographic movements with an impact on the genomes of present-day human populations. Genomic data describe a complex scenario with varying proportions of at least four main ancestry components: Maghrebi, Middle Eastern-, European-, and West-and-East-African-like. However, the footprint of positive selection in NA has not been studied. Here, we compile genome-wide genotyping data from 190 North Africans and individuals from surrounding populations, investigate for signatures of positive selection using allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium-based methods and infer ancestry proportions to discern adaptive admixture from post-admixture selection events. Our results show private candidate genes for selection in NA involved in insulin processing (KIF5A), immune function (KIF5A, IL1RN, TLR3), and haemoglobin phenotypes (BCL11A). We also detect signatures of positive selection related to skin pigmentation (SLC24A5, KITLG), and immunity function (IL1R1, CD44, JAK1) shared with European populations and candidate genes associated with haemoglobin phenotypes (HPSE2, HBE1, HBG2), other immune-related (DOCK2) traits, and insulin processing (GLIS3) traits shared with West and East African populations. Finally, the SLC8A1 gene, which codifies for a sodium-calcium exchanger, was the only candidate identified under post-admixture selection in Western NA.

Risk Should Not Be a “Four-Letter Word” in Healthcare. Risk and the Future of Musculoskeletal Care

Orthopaedics has seen a rapid transition to value-based care. As we transition away from fee-for-service models, healthcare systems, groups, and surgeons are being asked to take on an increasing amount of risk. While on the surface risk may have a negative connotation, managing risk allows surgeons to maintain autonomy while taking on value-based care to the next level. The purpose of this paper, the first in a series of 2, is to walk through the impact that value-based care has had on musculoskeletal surgeons, to understand the continued movement healthcare is making into risk sharing models, and to introduce the concept of surgeon specialist-led care.

A Survey on Sugarcane Leaf Disease Identification Using Deep Learning Technique(CNN)

The management of plant diseases is vital for the economical production of food and poses important challenges to the employment of soil, water, fuel and alternative inputs for agricultural functions. In each natural and cultivated populations, plants have inherent sickness tolerance, however there also are reports of devastating impacts of plant diseases. The management of diseases, however, within reason effective for many crops. sickness management is allotted through the employment of plants that square measure bred permanently resistance to several diseases and thru approaches to plant cultivation, like crop rotation, the employment of pathogen-free seeds, the given planting date and plant density, field wetness management, and therefore the use of pesticides. so as to enhance sickness management and to stay up with changes within the impact of diseases iatrogenic by the continued evolution and movement of plant pathogens and by changes in agricultural practices, continued progress within the science of soil science is required. Plant diseases cause tremendous economic losses for farmers globally. it's calculable that in additional developed settings across massive regions and lots of crop species, diseases usually cut back plant yields by ten percent per annum, however yield loss for diseases usually exceeds twenty percent in less developed settings. Around twenty-five percent of crop losses square measure caused by pests and diseases, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimates. to unravel this, new strategies for early detection of diseases and pests square measure required, like novel sensors that sight plant odours and spectrographic analysis and bio photonics that may diagnose plant health and metabolism. In artificial neural networks, deep learning is an element of a broader family of machine learning approaches supported realistic learning. Learning is often controlled, semi-supervised or unmonitored. to handle several real-world queries, Deep Learning Approaches are normally used. so as to differentiate pictures and acknowledge their options, coevolutionary neural networks have had a larger result. This article will do a Leaf Disease Identification Survey with Deep Learning Methods. It takes Sugarcane leaf as an instance to our paper.

Restoring continuous finger function with temporarily paralyzed nonhuman primates using brain–machine interfaces

Objective. Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) have shown promise in extracting upper extremity movement intention from the thoughts of nonhuman primates and people with tetraplegia. Attempts to restore a user’s own hand and arm function have employed functional electrical stimulation (FES), but most work has restored discrete grasps. Little is known about how well FES can control continuous finger movements. Here, we use a low-power brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation (BCFES) system to restore continuous volitional control of finger positions to a monkey with a temporarily paralyzed hand. Approach. We delivered a nerve block to the median, radial, and ulnar nerves just proximal to the elbow to simulate finger paralysis, then used a closed-loop BMI to predict finger movements the monkey was attempting to make in two tasks. The BCFES task was one-dimensional in which all fingers moved together, and we used the BMI’s predictions to control FES of the monkey’s finger muscles. The virtual two-finger task was two-dimensional in which the index finger moved simultaneously and independently from the middle, ring, and small fingers, and we used the BMI’s predictions to control movements of virtual fingers, with no FES. Main results. In the BCFES task, the monkey improved his success rate to 83% (1.5 s median acquisition time) when using the BCFES system during temporary paralysis from 8.8% (9.5 s median acquisition time, equal to the trial timeout) when attempting to use his temporarily paralyzed hand. In one monkey performing the virtual two-finger task with no FES, we found BMI performance (task success rate and completion time) could be completely recovered following temporary paralysis by executing recalibrated feedback-intention training one time. Significance. These results suggest that BCFES can restore continuous finger function during temporary paralysis using existing low-power technologies and brain-control may not be the limiting factor in a BCFES neuroprosthesis.

Effect of hip CPM on gross motor function and development of the hip joint: a single-center randomized controlled study on spastic cerebral palsy children with hip dysplasia.

To investigate the effectiveness of hip continuous passive motion (hCPM) on hip development at skeletal maturity and gross motor function for spastic cerebral palsy children with hip dysplasia. Prospective case-control research of hCPM with goal-directed training versus merely goal-directed training. On the basis of goal-directed training, the hCPM group used the hip joint CPM instrument (the external fixator was connected to the power device to make the hip joint carry out continuous passive movement) for 40-60 min, twice a day, and five times a week, and received continuous training for 8 weeks simultaneously. The control group received only goal-directed training for 8 weeks. Functional outcomes pertaining to the affected hip joints were assessed via gross motor function measure (GMFM), migration percentage (MP), acetabular index (AI), and Harris hip functional score (HHS) at the time of enrollment and the end of the intervention. The case-control research included 65 participants (mean age = 46.20 months, SD = 17.09 months; Gross Motor Function Grading System level: III = 41, IV = 24) who were randomly selected to either the hCPM (n = 45) or the control group (n = 20). No differences were found in baseline (acquisition phase) GMFM, MP, AI, or HHS (t = -1.720, P = 0.090; t* = 1.836, P* = 0.071; t# = -1.517, P# = 0.139; t* = -1.310, P* = 0.195; t# = -1.084, P# = 0.097; t = -1.041, P = 0.301). At the 8-week follow-up, GMFM, MP, AI, and HHS significantly improved over baseline in the hCPM group (hCPM group: t = 18.59, 20.172*, 40.291#, 16.820*, 32.900#, 28.081; P < 0.001). Between-group differences at 8-week follow-up times points favored the hCPM group for GMFM (t = -2.637, P = 0.011), MP (t* = 2.615, P* = 0.014; t# = 3.000, P# = 0.006), AI (t* = 2.055, P* = 0.044; t# = 2.223, P# = 0.030), HHS (t = -4.685, P < 0.001) (*: left side; #: right side). Spastic cerebral palsy children with hip dysplasia achieved meaningful functional improvement after 8 weeks of goal-directed training with hCPM therapy.

Study Compares Methods To Measure Static Gel-Strength Development

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31348, “Comparing Oilwell Cement Static Gel-Strength Development by Ultrasonic and Intermittent- and Continuous-Rotation Measurement Methods,” by Shameed Ashraf, Rahmad H.M. Husin, and Awang Rizalman, Schlumberger, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ Cement-sheath integrity preventing interzonal communication is closely related to static gel strength (SGS). API Standard 65-2 puts importance on the critical gel strength period (CGSP) measurement, which begins when the critical static gel strength (CSGS) is developed and ends when 500 lbf/100 ft2 is attained. The three methods accepted in the industry to measure SGS development are continuous and intermittent rotation, followed by ultrasonic measurement. A laboratory-based study is presented in the complete paper that compares these measurement methods. SGS Measurement Methods Continuous-Rotation Device. The continuous-rotation device used for direct SGS measurement is equipped with a pressure vessel capable of maintaining the set temperature and pressure that simulates actual cementing conditions. The paddle drag created by the continuous movement is converted and measured as SGS by means of correlation. Intermittent-Rotation SGS Device. This device keeps the cement slurry to be evaluated in a static condition inside a pressure vessel at controlled temperature and pressure. The device features a torque-sensing arrangement that obtains the intermittent rotating paddle value. This measured torque value is used to calculate the SGS using correlations related to paddle dimensions. Ultrasonic Method. An ultrasonic device can estimate the SGS of a concrete slurry under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions using an acoustic ultrasonic mechanism based on the attenuation of the acoustic wave communicated through the slurry during the hydration process. The ultrasonic cement-analyzer configuration estimates the acoustic speed, whereas the SGS analyzer measures the signal through the slurry. Thus, the SGS analyzer joins an implanted framework that performs computerized gel analysis. When data collection is complete, investigation of the information calculates the SGS values as a function of time. The authors compared the results obtained by this SGS system with information acquired from the tube rheometer device and shearometer and found them to have similar findings. Testing Methodology The methodology included the cement-slurry formula and the preparations followed by the device settings for each assessment type. Two different paddle configurations are used for the continuous-rotation method. As a result, four types of equipment evaluation are made for each slurry, two for the continuous-rotation type, one for the intermittent-rotation type, and one for the ultrasonic type.

A numerical procedure for approximating time fractional nonlinear Burgers–Fisher models and its error analysis

Burger and Fisher diffusion transfer properties and reactions from the characteristics are studied using a non-linear equation. The nonlinear fractional Burgers–Fisher equation (NFB-FE) appears in realistic physical situations such as ultra-slow kinetics, Brownian motion of particles, anomalous diffusion, polymerases of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid, continuous random movement, and formation of wave patterns. The present study focuses on the collocation scheme based on the shifted Chebyshev basis (SCB) and the compact finite difference method to obtain the numerical scheme of the NFB-FE. The simulation model is created in the two steps: Initially, a semi-discrete is formed in a temporal sense, applying a linear approximation with an accuracy order of two. Next, we examine the unconditional stability and the convergence order. In the second stage, the collocation approach based on the SCB of the fourth type is used to discretize the spatial derivative parts and generate the full-discrete scheme.

Spatiotemporal analysis of bike mobility chain: A new perspective on mobility pattern discovery in urban bike-sharing system

Bike-sharing data have been a valuable source for urban transport research. While most studies focus on Origin-Destination (OD) data of users' bike trips in bike-sharing researches, little has been investigated on mobility patterns from the perspective of bikes. Bike mobility can not only reflect human mobility patterns but also provide practical insights for understanding the bike-sharing system and assisting bike management. In particular, continuous bike movement information can provide abundant spatiotemporal connection information for spatial context analysis in data without user ID information. This paper studies bike mobility by shifting the perspective from OD analysis to the new analysis primitive of bike mobility chain (BMC). First, bike-sharing OD trip data are reconstructed to obtain BMCs. Second, the reconstructed BMCs are feature-augmented, based on which the spatiotemporal characteristics of bike mobility are analyzed. Finally, the word embedding model and the clustering algorithm are applied to the BMCs, which embody rich spatiotemporal inter-station connectivity, to facilitate mining stations with similar bike mobility. The methodology is applied for the comparative study of bike-sharing activities on workdays and holidays using data collected from New York Citi-Bike. The experimental results manifest locality patterns of bike mobility in both mobility chain indicators and multi-scale station embedding analysis results, and reveal disparities in BMC statistic indicators and spatial distribution mode of stations with similar bike mobility. These results can provide a new empirical reference for urban bike management in different time periods. As a more general implication, this study broadens the perspective for OD-based data analysis and paves the path to leverage the thriving trajectory-based research for further investigations.

Fabrication of Solar Operated Multipurpose Floor Cleaning Machine

With the advancement of technology, automated floor cleaning machines are getting more attention of researchers to make life of mankind comfortable. The concept is developing in economic countries but the reasons for non-popularity is the design complexity, cost of machines, and operational charges in terms of power tariff. In this paper, a manual floor cleaning machine is proposed. In early day a floor is clean by using a broom which is operated by human hand, in this a continuous movement of human hand is required which create fatigue and time consuming. The aim of this work is to develop and modernized process for cleaning the floor with wet and dry. This machine is capable of performing cleaning of floor in dry as well as wet condition, and it also have storage box to store a dust. This floor cleaning machine is designed by keeping the basic considerations for machine and efforts reduction, environment friendly and easy handling. The machine will work on solar power and there is no need of training to operate it. This work can be very useful to improve the life style of mankind.