CuNi-based high-temperature self-lubricating composites with BaF2/CaF2 eutectic as a main lubricant were prepared by rapid hot-pressing. The results showed that the addition of BaF2/CaF2 can introduce heterogeneous structures, in which the hard phase of BaF2/CaF2 closely surrounded the soft copper alloy phase. The high strength of the composite was mainly derived from the dislocation strengthening caused by the heterogeneous deformation induced stress, and solid solution strengthening induced by Ag. At 500 ℃, the excellent tribological performance was mainly attributed to the combined lubricating effects of Ag, BaF2/CaF2 and metal oxides. Furthermore, the addition of Ag formed concrete and continuous lubricating film on the worn surface, with more fluorides to continuously and stably protect the composite substrate.