Historical Continuity Research Articles

The long history of shortening: a diachronic analysis of abbreviation practices from the fifteenth to the twenty-first century

This article investigates continuities and changes in abbreviation practices from late Middle English to twenty-first-century digital platforms. Adopting a diachronic perspective and lexicological framework, it quantitatively analyses frequency patterns across fifteenth-century memoranda, letters and administrative receipts, seventeenth-century letters and depositions, late nineteenth-century letters, early twentieth-century letters and a subcorpus of WhatsApp instant messages dating from 2018–19. It then presents analyses of the frequencies of various abbreviation forms, such as clippings, and abbreviated lexemes, such as their use for names, over time. The article then provides a qualitative analysis of these lexeme categories over the centuries, with a focus on specific examples. Major changes to overall abbreviation density across time are identified. The forms of abbreviation also go through major change, but the types of lexemes that are abbreviated stay more consistent over time. For example, abbreviations being used for closed-class function words such astheandthatare dominant from the earliest data we have looked at to the present day. Overall, the study demonstrates how situating new media abbreviation practices within a historical continuum can enhance our understanding of them.

Political Paradigms of Hunger

In this article Patrick Anderson returns to his 2010 book So Much Wasted: Hunger, performance, and the morbidity of resistance to re-consider self-starvation and its implications for hunger as an ostensibly ‘universal’ human experience. The author begins by reflecting on two performances of the early 1990s in which he began to query the relationship between hunger and representation: a staging of Franz Kafka’s story ‘A Hunger Artist’ and a staging of the Greek myth Erysichthon of Thessaly. He turns from these reflections to re-engage historical practices of self-starvation that convert hunger into both political argument and political action, and considers what he calls the ‘gavage objects of state terror’, including feeding tubes and restraint chairs – whose forcible deployment have been prohibited by numerous national and international medical associations. He argues that such technologies reveal a historical continuum with the present, enabling choreographies by which the state expands its control and containment of the political paradigms of hunger.

ISLAMIC IDENTITY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY: CONTEXTS OF RELATIONSHIP

This article reveals the role of Islamic identity in strengthening the national identity of Kazakhstan. The foundations of Islamic identity are considered, as well as its relationship with the national idea of the concept of building a Kazakhstani society. The authors come to the conclusion that the Turkic cultural and communicative background has the potential to form an identity model based on historical and axiological continuity, as well as the potential to prevent ethno-religious, linguistic, cultural conflicts. In addition, the study undertakes an analysis of the impact of cultural globalization on the formation of models of Kazakhstani religious and national identity. In addition to the risks of blurring traditional cultural boundaries in favor of the ideas of Eurocentrism, cultural globalization can contribute to the process of cultural and ideological creativity with the obligatory preservation of national authenticity. Kazakhstani national identity is characterized as a civic identity that carries the installations of the national idea, which is based on the historical past and the axiological guidelines determined by it. Islamic identity in the secular context of Kazakhstan is represented by its own model, based on both the ethical and spiritual values of Islam and the national idea.

О непонятном в понятии доказательств

The article is devoted to the concept of evidence in criminal proceedings. The author draws attention to the variety of terminology. Tries to find out the reason for the different meanings that are put into the terms “proof” and “evidence”. The question of the necessity of the concept of evidence in the text of the criminal procedure law is considered. To explain the nature of the concept of evidence, the work of processualists who formed this concept before the information model of evidence was strengthened is used. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the development of the theory of evidence and the historical continuity of its provisions, there is still a lot of uncertainty in the concept of evidence.

RESTORATION COMPOUNDS FOR TERRAZZITE PLASTER ON THE EXAMPLE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES OF THE 20TH CENTURY (RUSSIA)

Inroduction: Gradual destruction of buildings or structures of historical significance is a natural process that cannot be stopped. Therefore, preservation of architectural monuments is one of the most important areas of restoration activity. Complete replacement of damaged building materials of architectural monuments changes the historical appearance, and thus cultural sites are stripped of their original look. Innovations in the re-creation of historical building materials and technologies help preserve historical continuity. The purpose of the study was to develop a number of compounds of terrazzite plaster mixtures for cultural heritage sites of the 20th century, which, from an aesthetic point of view, will not allow the loss of the natural and picturesque appearance of the monument, and will be able to preserve the “patina of time”. As a result of the research, the authors studied the compositions of the selected samples, proposed restoration compounds of terrazzite plaster, and determined the algorithm for applying an analogue of the historical plaster. In terms of technical and economic indicators, the developed restoration compounds are effective and make it possible to return architectural monuments to their original appearance with minimal costs. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the feasibility of using the proposed new components in terrazzite plaster mixtures to increase strength and ensure high-quality adhesion of the old and new plaster layers. The proposed technology contributes to the return of architectural monuments to their original appearance without losing the historical authenticity of the buildings.

The traditional, the formal, and the alternative in chilean education: an epistemological approach

This article advocates an epistemological approach to the notions of traditional, formal, and alternative education, leveraging Reinhard Koselleck’s historical perspective. It begins by analyzing the concept of traditional education, emphasizing its focus on historical continuity, the central role of the teacher, and its association with oligarchic interests.Drawing on Daniel Brailovsky’s theory, the evolution of the traditional form of education is examined, particularly the emergence of the «old new school» and «market scholasticism». The article then shifts to scrutinize formal education in Chile. This is achieved by exploring ministerial documents to discern the defining components of formal education in terms of their alignment with what is deemed «alternative» and «traditional».The concept of alternative education is subsequently broached from a historical viewpoint, underscoring its adaptability and diversity relative to context. This mode of education fosters inclusion, creativity, diversity, and intercultural understanding, although it is confronted with challenges such as uncertainty and issues related to coexistence. Nonetheless, a notable shortfall is the lack of state support for alternative education in Chile, leading to discriminatory practices and a disregard for these types of schools.

The Ideology of Social Traditionalism (Social Tradition)

The Ideology of Social Traditionalism (Social Tradition) scientifi c manifesto off ers a modern concept of traditionalism. Today, this line is based on the principles of “double” social solidarity: both between contemporaries (horizontal solidarity) and intergenerational (vertical solidarity). The idea of the fi rst type of solidarity has historically evolved against the background of the leftist thought. The second type of solidarity dates back to classical traditionalism. It insists on placing the priority on the historical heritage, traditional values and on the rejection of historical gaps in public life. According to the author, the relevance of social traditionalism (social tradition) is growing as the crisis of neoliberal globalism deepens and currently observed deglobalization processes accelerate. The opposition of the ideas of social justice and traditional values is one of the false alternatives imposed on the society. It emerged and is still maintained within the framework of the ideology of neoliberalism, which is now in a state of decay. The article highlights the common value basis of colonialism, Nazism and neoliberal globalism. A way out of the historical impasse is possible if two conditions are met: the neoliberal ideology must be rejected and the cultural and spiritual connection with the native tradition — authentic Christianity — must be restored. After the ideological paradigm and the socioeconomic model are changed, the synthesis of socialist and traditionalist ideas can take priority in the society. The right-wing traditionalism needs to be opposed to the left-wing social traditionalism, in which the ethics of justice comes fi rst. Instead of the classic triad “conservatism—liberalism—socialism”, the society will have to develop within another political triangle: “nationalism—socialism—traditionalism”. Social traditionalism assumes the equality of nations, peoples and cultures, aff irms their incomparability, incommensurability and uniqueness. It also advocates the society governed by the social justice and supports the overcoming of painful historical gaps in the life of each people. The author proceeds on the basis that “tradition is a set of ways to preserve the historical continuity based on endowing inheritance procedures with ethical meaning”. Tradition is a method of social and cultural construction rather than a subject of restoration. The basis of the Russian (Russian-Byzantine) tradition and identity can be defi ned using the well-known formula by Max Weber as follows: “Orthodox Ethics and the Spirit of Solidarity”.

Are there historical continuities in the geographical spread of radical voting? A comparison of the 1936 and 2019 election results in the Flemish region of Belgium

Are there historical continuities in the geographical spread of radical voting? A comparison of the 1936 and 2019 election results in the Flemish region of Belgium

Perpetual Exile: Legacies of a Disrupted Century

The transnational configuration of contemporary German literature cannot be detached from its historical continuum, since such a separation would render the archive of histories of exile in and out of Germany inconsistent and incomplete. Bringing literary histories of exile in a dialogue, in this instance, Exilliteratur, represented by prominent German authors, who, during the Second World War, immigrated to Southern California (Thomas Mann, Heinrich Mann, Bertolt Brecht, Lion Feuchtwanger, and Franz Werfel, among others), as well as Anna Seghers and Stefan Zweig, who went into exile in Mexico and Brazil, respectively, and the emerging literature of contemporary transnational or so-called hyphenated German (“Bindestrich-Deutsche”) writers would enable an inclusive paradigm that communicates across communities of research. To that end, I briefly review one novel each by Anna Seghers and Lion Feuchtwanger and essays by the Iranian-German poet SAID, which exemplify the two distinctive genres of exile literature: the long-established Exilliteratur and what I elsewhere described as transnational literature of writers mostly from the non-Western world, who in the latter part of the twentieth century began immigrating to the West. While I acknowledge the different circumstances and historical imperatives that have dictated the features of the two genres, I foreground the ethical implications and the cautionary tales the respective works of Exilliteratur authors and transnational writers share.

Facing up to the inevitable: the experience of flood events and lessons learnt at St Michael and All Angels’ Church in Tirley, South West England

In July 2007, a disastrous flood struck Gloucestershire, in the southwest of England. The Grade I listed church of St Michael and All Angels in Tirley was inundated, resulting in its interior and churchyard being extensively damaged. Despite the disastrous flooding and the distress caused, Tirley’s church congregation, supported by the local community, the insurance company and many historic building professionals, resolved to renew their church. Their traumatic experience has presented opportunities to make the building more fit for purpose and more resilient to future flood events. It has deepened a sense of belonging and the valuing of heritage in the community and has ensured the historical continuity of the church and its many stories. Proactive planning will play a major part in facing up to future climate change-related challenges at Tirley church. New research is being planned to examine the effectiveness of existing flood mitigation measures, the overall condition of the building fabric and the church site. The anticipated outcome of this work is a bespoke Flood Impact and Protection Management Plan which will include a set of recommendations, which can be adopted to bolster flood resilience of this historic church, as well as other churches dealing with similar challenges.

The use of case technology in the study of the discipline «Spiritual-moral and civil-patriotic education of students» with students of a pedagogical profile

Introduction. Modern socio-economic realities have actualized the issues of spiritual and moral education in the process of professional development of students of Russian universities, including the problems of content, the hierarchy of spiritual and moral values of students, their pedagogical regulation by adequate methodological means. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of case technology as a way of designing and solving problematic moral situations in the study of works of Russian classical and modern literature within the framework of the new discipline "Spiritual-moral and civil-patriotic education of students". Materials and methods. The methods of questioning, qualitative analysis of statistical data, written survey in essay format were applied. The survey involved 40 respondents from among the first-year students of the direction «Pedagogical education (with two training profiles)» of the Philological Faculty of the North-Eastern Federal University. Results. It was revealed that universal human values are most important for respondents: «life» (82.5%), «human rights and freedoms» (80%), «dignity» (32.5%), «strong family» (25%), «humanism» (20%), «mutual assistance and mutual respect» (20%). The least significant sociocentric values in Russian culture are «service to the Fatherland and responsibility for its destiny», «unity of the peoples of Russia», «collectivism», «historical memory and continuity of generations», «patriotism». The use of case technology made it possible to change the hierarchy of spiritual and moral values of future teachers of the Russian language and literature: at the final stage of the pedagogical experiment, universal values remained a priority for students, however, sociocentric values in the process of studying the course «Spiritual, moral and civil-patriotic education of students» became more significant than at the initial stage of the study. Conclusion. In scientific research, there are different approaches to determining the list of spiritual and moral values that are relevant for today's generation of students; it is possible to transform the hierarchy of these values in the context of the changing realities of the socio-cultural sphere of the country. The choice of values within the framework of the academic discipline is carried out primarily by the teacher, taking into account the peculiarities of the spiritual and moral environment of the university and the student target audience. Regulation of the hierarchy of spiritual and moral values of students is most fruitful with the use of problematic, student-oriented approaches to learning and dialogization of training sessions. These requirements are best met by case technology. As the main content for the development of cases in teaching students - future teachers of the Russian language and literature, works of art of a small genre by modern authors should be used.

The Influence of Language Contact on the Usages of xən35 in Duyun Dialect

Duyun has been a multi-ethnic area since ancient times, and its grammar has been influenced by both Chinese and local minority languages. This paper is intended to compare the usages of the hen-family in Duyun dialect, Mandarin, and minority languages from the perspective of language contact, and to trace the origin of xən35 in Duyun dialect by examining the evolution of hen in Chinese. It is proposed that the prepositive usage of xən35 is a historical continuation of hen in Chinese during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, while the postpositive usage of xən35 is influenced by the local minority languages. The distinctive usages of xən35 in Duyun dialect are due to language contact.

Nilai-nilai Filosofis Lingkungan Hidup dalam Karya A. Sonny Keraf

The environment has become a new area of focus for Sonny Keraf, who previously primarily focused on legal and corporate ethics. Sonny Keraf only began to think about environmental issues after realizing that the current environmental catastrophe actually results from a fundamental philosophical mistake in how people view themselves, nature, and their place in the larger ecosystem. This research uses a historical-factual research methodology on characters and is categorized as philosophical research. The methodological steps of this study's data analysis strategy, which employs the philosophical hermeneutic approach, are interpretation, historical continuity, description, and heuristics. This study demonstrates that; 1) According to A. Sonny Keraf's notion of environmental philosophy, the environment is defined as an oikos, which is a Greek word that implies a place to dwell. However, an oikos is not just a house where people live. Oikos is understood as the entirety of the cosmos, including all of the interactions that take place inside between other living creatures and with the habitat's ecology. Realizing this, Keraf created three paradigms-the Holistic-Ecological Paradigm, the Ecoliteracy Paradigm, and the Biogregionalism Paradigm-to address the environmental problem that humanity is currently facing. 2) The environmental ideals included in the writings of A. Sonny Keraf, including: reverence for nature; moral responsibility for nature; cosmic solidarity; caring for nature; and no harm to the environment.

Global Discontinuity: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Global Scenario Analysis

The evolutionary paths of social-ecological systems comprise periods of structural continuity punctuated by moments of convulsive change. Various forms of systemic global shock could materialize in the coming decades, triggered by the climate crisis, social disruption, economic breakdown, financial collapse, nuclear conflict, or pandemics. The unfolding COVID-19 pandemic stands as a real-time example of an interruption of historic continuity. More hopefully, deep institutional and cultural shifts could rapidly usher in more resilient forms of global civilization. These plausible possibilities challenge scenario studies to spotlight discontinuous futures, an imperative that has not been adequately met. Several factors—for example, gradualist theories of change, scientific reticence, the lure of quantitative tractability, embeddedness in policymaking processes—have rendered mainstream scenario analysis ill-suited to the task. The emphasis on continuity fails to alert decision makers and the public to the risks and opportunities latent in our singular historical moment. A shift to a paradigm that foregrounds discontinuity is long overdue, calling for efforts to broaden the base of persons involved; devote more attention to balancing narrative storytelling and a broader range of quantitative methods; and apply and develop methods to explicitly consider discontinuities in global scenario development.

Introduction to “The visage as text”

Abstract This brief text introduces the main themes and topics of this collection of articles on “The visage as text: physiognomy, semiotics, and face reading from antiquity to artificial intelligence,” emphasizing the historical continuity of interest in the face as a surface to be scrutinized, investigated, and studied in order to know the individual’s intimacy or future. It points out the intertwining of semeiotic knowledge, which aims at capturing clues in the face to determine a patient’s state of health, and semiotics, which systematizes these inferences within the framework of the circumstantial paradigm. The introduction concludes by pointing out how the new digital technologies of the face are reviving and problematizing anew the semiotic interest in physiognomy understood not as a scientific discipline but as a field of sign attention directed at the face.

Nur Vergin’in Din Sosyolojisi

Nur Vergin has left an important legacy of thought on behalf of the social sciences literature of our country with her works based on her academic and intellectual background. A rough overview of the content of this legacy reveals a wide range of ideas produced under the headings of politics-religion relationship, urbanization and political attitudes, social change and family, civil society, secularism, political system debates, etc. Vergin's ideas in the field of sociology of politics and religion are particularly prominent aspects of this legacy. Analyzing Vergin's legacy from different perspectives in various areas of sociology will provide essential gains for the social sciences literature of our country. In this respect, the subject of this study is Vergin's ideas in the sociology of religion. The main problem of the study can be summarized with the following question: "What are Nur Vergin's thoughts on the relationship between religion, politics, and society, and what is the place of these thoughts in the Turkish sociological tradition?". My study aims to address the ideas on the relationship between religion, politics, and society in Vergin's works from the perspective of the sociology of religion and to pave the way for new studies and discussions on her works. The importance of the study is that it will be a pioneering work in this field due to the limited number of studies on Nur Vergin's works and will pave the way for new discussions on his thoughts. A qualitative research method was used in this study. Therefore, qualitative data collection techniques were utilized. The data obtained were analyzed and evaluated descriptively and in terms of content. First, Vergin's life, works, cultural and intellectual background, social science understanding, and methodology are discussed. Afterward, the studies produced by Vergin within the scope of the sociology of religion were analyzed. With this study, it is understood that Nur Vergin aims to analyze social phenomena at the macro level by following the course of historical change within historical integrity and without ignoring the relationality between them. In this respect, it has been observed that Vergin analyzes issues such as secularism, Alevism, the relationship between religion and social change, etc., which are the subjects of her sociology of religion studies, with a long-term approach, in the plan of historical continuity and parallel with the verstéhenian tradition. In this respect, Vergin's approach to the phenomenon of religion is within the framework of the new axis, which constitutes an alternative to the evolutionary positivist approach, which was the dominant paradigm in the Turkish sociological tradition in the 1970s and 80s, and which manifested itself in names such as Şerif Mardin and Nilüfer Göle. * This paper is based on the master's thesis study titled "Nur Vergin's Sociology of Religion" conducted under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Celaleddin Çelik at Erciyes University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology of Religion.

Postcolonial History in the Service of Anticolonial Politics: Critical Historiography and National Myth in Contemporary India

The article examines the relationship between the shaping of Indian foreign policy discourse, macro-historical processes that influence the formation of Indian political elites, and the development of historical knowledge about the Indian Ocean region. Its purpose is to ascertain the factors that influenced the specific perception of India’s place in the region by Indian elites and how this perception evolved within the framework of foreign policy discourse. Additionally, the role of historians who have studied the past of the Indian Ocean is explored. The author concludes that the changes in global political discourse following the First World War played a crucial role in shaping the ideas of India’s position in the world among the elites. These elites adopted the stance that the nation-state, with its own industrial base, was the only viable option. From the early stages of independent India, its political elites, influenced by British or Anglicized upbringing and education, rejected the notion of continuity between the new Indian state and the British Raj and the possessions of the East India Company. Instead, they attempted to establish historical continuity with pre-British Indian polities. Indian and foreign historians supported them in this endeavor. The author demonstrates how India’s political elites utilized the findings of scholars to serve their own purposes, selectively adopting suitable historical narratives while discarding others. This process gradually drew the community of historians into the production of discourse. During the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi, the Mughal Empire received the most attention as the last pre-British Indian polity. However, with the Bharatiya Janata Party coming into power, research on Hindu polities and personalities is now encouraged.

Contemporary Annex in the Context of Design and Conservation Principles

Social identity finds concrete expressions with the monuments, buildings, urban textures that constitute the cultural heritage in historical continuity. Preserving the identity of cities by ensuring historical and cultural continuity is possible by protecting the architectural heritage. While the historical buildings and settlements that in usage can easily be kept alive because of the existing maintenance, it is necessary to install new functions in order to protect the unused cultural heritage buildings and to make contemporary annexes for the emerging new usage and space needs. In this study, contemporary additions to historical textures and buildings are examined with examples in the context of design decisions, approaches and conservation principles. In this context, firstly the context of the annex was emphasized and then the repetition-imitation, the contrast and the adaptation-interpretation as design approaches were discussed with examples. In addition, the annexes were evaluated according to the physical relationship they established with the existing structure. Reflecting the era with its material, construction technique and form, annexes are an important component of cultural continuity, as they represent genuine solutions for real needs. Considering that a qualified design cannot be achieved by focusing solely on protection, it must be accepted that the new should be valued at least as much as the old.

Primorsky Musical Institute in the history of the development of academic music in the Far East (1923-1924)

The article examines the activities of the Primorsky Musical Institute (1923-1924), which contributed to the development of academic music in the Far East in the post-revolutionary period, associated with the liquidation of the "buffer state" of the Far Eastern Republic (FER, 1920-1922) and its accession to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Through the prism of historical documents and archival materials, the factology of which did not fall into the analytics available today, corrective information is introduced into music science, which, on the one hand, forms an up-to-date view of the activities of the Primorsky Musical Institute, in terms of preserving traditions, paying attention to successive ties with the Imperial Russian Musical Society (RMO / IRMO), which played a special role in organizing the musical life of the country, and the Far East during the period of Imperial Russia. On the other hand, he names the reasons why the closure of the Institute led to the impossibility of the historical continuation of the forward line of development laid down by the IRMS in the Sovietized post-FER period. Contextual study allows the fact of the emergence of the Primorsky Musical Institute in Vladivostok to be comprehended as a consequence of the inertially preserved organizational work of the Vladivostok branch of the IRMO (1909-1917), which opened a music school at the Department, and then established a music school at the RMO (1917-1922).

Family Entrepreneurship as a Type of Gender-neutral Entrepreneurship: Social Essence and Labor Potential

Family entrepreneurship as a social phenomenon, as a type of employment and economic activity of the Russian family remains a poorly studied issue of sociological analysis and sociology of entrepreneurship. The author of this article guided by the principle of historical continuity analyzes the phenomenon of family entrepreneurship as a type of economic activity from the viewpoint of theoretical positions of J. Schumpeter, N. Kondratiev, F. Knight, F. Haiker and I. Kirzer. At the same time, the author synthesizes an economic approach with a sociological one on four theoretical and methodological grounds: family entrepreneurship as a social phenomenon of economic development; as a type of labor activity; as a form of group economic behavior of a small group and as a type of labor education of children, their integration into the economic activity of the family as a whole. From the conceptual standpoint of gender sociology and the new world order, family entrepreneurship is presented as a type of gender-neutral entrepreneurship in which all family members can participate, regardless of gender, but with varying degrees of involvement into the family business. The empirical data for the analysis is based on the results of applied sociological research of the Scientific School “Gender Economic Sociology” of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, and the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, on the other.