Continued Uncertainty Research Articles

Analytical solution of uncertainty with the GUM method for a dynamic stereo vision measurement system.

Directed at the strong correlation among the input parameters and long measurement chain, which are difficult for uncertainty analysis with the guide of the expression of uncertainty in the measurement (GUM) method, a novel dynamic stereo vision measurement system based on the quaternion theory is presented to reduce the orthogonality restrictions of shafting manufacturing and application. According to the quaternion theory in the kinematic model of the cameras and the analytical solution of uncertainty with the GUM method, the complete, detailed, and continuous uncertainty results of the full-scale measurement space can be obtained. Firstly, one-dimensional turntables and rigid connections are utilized to form the motion cores and the automatic control carriers in the system. Secondly, the novel measurement model is used in the measurement process to shorten the calibration and measurement chains. Once the system based on the novel measurement model is set up, the analytical solution of uncertainty is utilized in the accuracy process. During the analysis process, the strong correlation among the extrinsic parameters is decoupled by introducing virtual circles and the measurement strategy with the GUM method. Through analyzing the relationship among the attitude angles, the major factors which influence the uncertainties in each axis and the final uncertainty are clarified. Moreover, the analytical continuous uncertainty maps for the uncertainties along each axis, combined standard uncertainty, and the expanded uncertainty are illustrated and the uncertainty variation tendency is declared. Finally, the analytical solution of uncertainty with the GUM method proposed in this paper predicts the uncertainty in the full-scale space and provides a new idea of the uncertainty analysis for the complicated combined measurement system.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S).

COVID-19 can bring several psychological problems to patients and non-patients, which highlights the need for a better understanding of outcomes that can emerge due the occurrence of the virus. One of these variables is fear, present in situations of continuous uncertainty. Fear is a key variable for mental health and tracking it and its correlates might help to develop proper education and prevention programs. Currently, Brazil is one of the epicentres of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its public health system scrapped and not being able to contain the amount of infected people. Therefore, a proper measure to screen the fear of COVID-19 will help to provide improvements in mental health in such contexts. For that, two studies were performed. In Study 1 (N = 230) we assessed the factorial structure of the measure through exploratory factor analysis, and item parameters using item response theory. In Study 2 (N = 302), we assessed whether the structure would replicate in an independent sample and through confirmatory factor analysis, besides assessing convergent validity using Structural Equation Modelling and proposing a shorter version of the measure. Both long and short versions presented a reliable unidimensional structure and similar patterns of correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress. Overall, our results showed that the FCV-19S and its short version are useful measures to the assessment of fear of COVID-19 in Brazil.

Awareness, Information-Seeking Behavior, and Information Preferences About Early Childhood Allergy Prevention Among Different Parent Groups: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundIn early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP), parents act on behalf of their children. Parental health literacy and the availability of high-quality information, both online and offline, are crucial for effective ECAP. Recent research highlights three main points. First, parents need sufficient health literacy to discriminate between high-quality and low-quality information. Second, ECAP information behaviors may vary between phases of childhood development and according to individual circumstances. Third, to strengthen user-centeredness of available services, a better overview of parents’ information practices and needs and how they handle uncertainties is required.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore why, how, and when parents search for and apply ECAP-specific health information and which individual (eg, understanding of advice) and organizational challenges (eg, information services, information complexity, and changing recommendations) they perceive and how they handle them. This study also aims to assess the needs and preferences that parents express for future information formats and contents. The findings should inform the practical design of ECAP information as well as formats and channels specific to different parent groups.MethodsThe above-named issues will be explored with parents in four German cities as one element in our efforts to cover the spectrum of perspectives. Based on a mixed methods design, including qualitative and quantitative assessments, the first year serves to prepare focus groups, a piloted focus group guide, a short standardized survey adapted from the European Health Literacy Project, recruitment channels, and the recruitment of participants. After conducting 20 focus groups in the second year, data will be analyzed via a constant comparison method in the third year. Based on this, practice implications on channels (ie, Where?), formats (ie, How?), and contents (ie, What?) of ECAP-specific information will be derived and discussed with parents and associated project partners before its dissemination to relevant ECAP actors (eg, childcare institutions and pediatricians).ResultsThe study began with preselection of recruitment channels, drafting of recruitment and study information for potential participants, and agreement on a first full version of the guideline. Then, a detailed contact list was compiled of health professionals, administrative and social institutions, and relevant social media channels (N=386) to be approached for assistance in contacting parents. The recruitment was postponed due to COVID-19 and will start in January 2021.ConclusionsECAP is a relevant example for assessing how users (ie, parents) handle not only health information but the various and continuous changes, uncertainties, and controversies attached to it. So far, it is unclear how parents implement the respective scientific recommendations and expert advice, which is why this study aims to inform those who communicate with parents about ECAP information.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/25474

Development and repair of aorto-esophageal fistula following esophageal button battery impaction: A case report.

Background:Complications from esophageal button battery impactions remain a real fear for practicing pediatric gastroenterologists and surgeons. This case describes a child who developed an aorto-esophageal fistula 25 days after initial battery ingestion and survived due to prompt placement of an aortic stent via minimally invasive surgery, avoiding an open procedure.Case presentation:A 6-year-old female presented acutely with a mid-esophageal button battery impaction witnessed by her parents. Presenting symptoms included chest pain and emesis. Button battery location and size were confirmed on X-ray. She underwent removal with flexible esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and rigid esophagoscopy. She was admitted to the hospital and received conservative medical management, with serial cross-sectional imaging via chest MRIs to assess the evolution of her injury according to available national guidelines, and was discharged after 12 days of close inpatient monitoring. Despite these measures the patient represented 25 days post-ingestion with hematemesis from a new aorto-esophageal fistula, requiring emergent cardiac catheterization with successful, life-saving aortic stent placement. She remained admitted for an additional 12 days of monitoring as her diet was advanced slowly post-catheterization. Since this second hospitalization she continues to do well, with outpatient follow-up by multiple subspecialists.Conclusions:This case highlights the continued uncertainty regarding the risk of developing this complication, as well as gaps in the current literature and guidelines for managing these patients following ingestion and esophageal injury. It also details the unique course following development of this complication and its surgical repair.

Design, reporting, and broader impact: COVID-19 budgeting in Singapore

As governments undertake extraordinary policy measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, prevailing institutional factors can potentially compromise implementation success and subsequent outcomes. This paper illustrates this issue by examining Singapore’s budgetary response to COVID-19. The analysis reveals the fiscal response of the Singapore government to be a near-exemplification of crisis budgeting which, at the same time, entails a considerable drawdown from the country’s national reserves to finance the forecasted budget deficit. However, a revision of the budget balances vis-à-vis international reporting standards finds that: (i) the budget deficit is substantially smaller; and (ii) the influence of the fiscal injections on the economy – the multiplier effect – is likely smaller than what official estimates imply. The primary emphasis here is that policymakers need to be conscious of the contemporaneous influence of prevailing institutional factors on policy effectiveness. This takes on greater significance for effective crisis-management and recovery amidst the continued uncertainty about COVID-19 and developments in international trade and resource flows in the medium-term.

Dissociating regional gray matter density and gray matter volume in autism spectrum condition

BackgroundDespite decades of research, there is continued uncertainty regarding whether autism is associated with a specific profile of gray matter (GM) structure. This inconsistency may stem from the widespread use of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) methods that combine indices of GM density and GM volume. If GM density or volume, but not both, prove different in autism, the traditional VBM approach of combining the two indices may obscure the difference. The present study measures GM density and volume separately to examine whether autism is associated with alterations in GM volume, density, or both. MethodsDifferences in MRI-based GM density and volume were examined in 6–25 year-olds with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (n = 213, 80.8% male, IQ 47–154) and a typically developing (TD) sample (n = 190, 71.6% male, IQ 67–155). High-resolution T1-weighted anatomical images were collected on a single MRI scanner. Regional density and volume were estimated via whole-brain parcellation comprised of 1625 parcels. Parcel-wise analyses were conducted using generalized additive models while controlling the false discovery rate (FDR, q < 0.05). Volume differences in the 68-region Desikan-Killiany atlas derived from Freesurfer were also examined, to establish the generalizability of findings across methods. ResultsNo density differences were observed between the autistic and TD groups, either in individual parcels or whole brain mean density. Increased volume was observed in autism compared to the TD group when controlling for Age, Sex, and IQ, both at the level of the whole brain (total volume) and in 45 parcels (2.8% of total parcels). Parcels with greater volume included inferior, middle, and superior temporal gyrus, inferior and superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, and fusiform gyrus. Converging evidence from a standard Freesurfer pipeline also identified greater volume in a number of overlapping regions. LimitationsThe method for determining “density” is not a direct measure of neuronal density, and this study cannot reveal underlying cellular differences. While this study represents possibly the largest single-site sample of its kind, it is underpowered to detect very small differences. ConclusionsThese results provide compelling evidence that autism is associated with regional GM volumetric differences, which are more prominent than density differences. This underscores the importance of examining volume and density separately, and suggests that direct measures of volume (e.g. region-of-interest or tensor-based morphometry approaches) may be more sensitive to autism-relevant differences in neuroanatomy than concentration/density-based approaches.

Lacking character? A policy analysis of environmental watering of Ramsar wetlands in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

Freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable and endangered in the world, facing continued uncertainty under climate change, development of water resources and land use change. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (1971) is one of the longest-standing international agreements on biodiversity conservation. Its central objective is the maintenance of the ecological character of Wetlands of International Importance and the wise use of all wetlands. Here, we examine how the maintenance of ecological character has been addressed in Australia as part of the Murray–Darling Basin Plan, one of the most ambitious water reform programs to be undertaken globally and intended to restore water from irrigated agriculture to the environment. We analyse policy and planning documents from Commonwealth and state jurisdictions on the management of environmental water. Despite stated objectives to conserve Ramsar wetlands in the Basin Plan, we found a pattern of complex and convoluted arrangements for delivering environmental water to Ramsar wetlands and a lack of transparency and accountability about how Ramsar obligations are considered within each jurisdiction. We conclude that consideration of the ecological character of Ramsar wetlands has been marginalised by governments when managing environmental water, despite the statutory requirements to maintain these wetlands.

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH’ INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN COGNITIVE SOCIETY

The subject of publication is the theoretical generalization of the philosophical foundations of fundamental scientific research (FSR). The stages of institutionalization of attitude to the FSR are considered, from the stage of critical discussion of the conditions for obtaining true knowledge of the Hellenistic period to the developed system of teaching about the transcendental logic of Kant and Hegel’s logical teaching about being, essence and concept in the context of fundamental scientific research. The methodology is based on generalization of the most radical points of view and approaches of representatives of different philosophical schools and research programs to clarify the essence and ways of FSR. The causes and gnoseological origins of the FSR scientific method change to the modern form of the method of verification toleration of scientific theories of post-positivism and metapositivism (Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn, Feyerabend) are described. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the period of radical rethinking of the classical paradigm of fundamental theoretical research, which is set out in the teachings of researchers of the ancient period, the New Time, classical German, Marxist philosophy, has started. Instead of the deterministic method of scientific thinking, the verification logic of substantiation of the process of generating new knowledge (line Descartes&amp;Pascal), the method of verification toleration/refutation of Popper is adopted by scientists. At the same time, the justification for the truth of the FSR is based on the development of Descartes’ teachings about the method. The applied result of the practical application of the Popper’s concept in the field of FSR implementation is a deliberately probabilized style of scientific cognition, the principle of verifying the intermediate interpretation of the truth, updating practical approaches to demarcation procedures, justifying the partial and permissible value of scientific theories as “points of invariability” in the continuum of continuous inaccuracy and uncertainty (Hume/Berkeley vs. Bacon/Newton line).

Scaling Considerations for Thermal and Pressure-Sensitive Paint Methods Used to Determine Adiabatic Effectiveness

Abstract To be representative of engine conditions, a measurement of film cooling behavior with an experiment must involve matching certain nondimensional parameters, such as freestream Reynolds number. However, the coolant flowrate must also be scaled between the experiments and engine conditions to accurately predict film cooling effectiveness. This process is complicated by gas property variation with temperature. Additionally, selection of the appropriate coolant flowrate parameter to scale from low to high temperatures is a topic of continued uncertainty. Furthermore, experiments are commonly conducted using thermal measurement techniques with infrared thermography (IR), but the use of pressure-sensitive paints (PSPs) implementing the heat-mass transfer analogy is also common. Thus, the question arises of how the adiabatic effectiveness distributions compare between mass transfer experimental methods and thermal experimental methods and whether these two methods are sensitive to coolant flowrate parameters in different ways. In this study, a thermal technique with IR was compared with a heat-mass transfer method with a PSP on a flat plate model with a 7-7-7 film cooling hole. While adiabatic effectiveness is best scaled by accounting for specific heats with the advective capacity ratio (ACR) using thermal techniques, results revealed that PSP measurements are scaled best with the mass flux ratio (M). The difference in these methods has significant implications for engine designers that rely on PSP experimental data to predict engine thermal behavior as PSP is fundamentally not sensitive to the same relevant physical mechanisms to which thermal methods are sensitive.

Set Squeezing Procedure for Quadratically Perturbed Chance-Constrained Programming

The set squeezing procedure, a new optimization methodology for solving chance-constrained programming problems under continuous uncertainty distribution, is proposed in this paper. The generally intractable chance constraints and unknown convexity are tackled by a novel analyses of local structure of the feasible set. Based on the newly discovered structure, it is proved that the set squeezing procedure converges and local optimality is guaranteed under mild conditions. Furthermore, efficient algorithms are derived for the set squeezing procedure under the widely used quadratically perturbed constraints. The developed method is applied to the mean squared error (MSE) based probabilistic transceiver design as an application example. Simulation results show that the MSE outage probability can be controlled tightly, which leads to lower transmit power, compared to the existing dominant safe approximation method and the bounded robust optimization method.

ЛАТИНОАМЕРИКАНСЬКИЙ ВЕКТОР ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ІЗРАЇЛЮ: ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИЙ ВИМІР

Аналізуються відносини між Ізраїлем та країнами Латинської Америки за останні десятиліття (2000-2019 роки), і стверджується, що зміцнившийся імідж Ізраїлю як технологічного лідера, грає ключову роль у цьому. Автори приділили особливу увагу з’ясуванню технологій зовнішньої політики Ізраїлю на латиноамериканському напрямку, визначенню особливостей їх реалізації та результатів застосування. Країни Латинської Америки стали розглядати Ізраїль як джерело технологій. Тенденція спостерігається практично повсюдно і незалежно від політичної ситуації на Близькому Сході та триваючого ізраїльсько-палестинського конфлікту. В останні роки, паралельно з політичними кризами та зміною режиму у Латинській Америці, у країнах континенту відбулися значні поліпшення у напрямку Ізраїлю. Перші дипломатичні візити прем’єр-міністра Ізраїлю Бен’яміна Нетан’яху до латиноамериканських країн сприяли підписанню низки двосторонніх угод у різних сферах.

Impact of digitally acquired peer diagnostic input on diagnostic confidence in outpatient cases: A pragmatic randomized trial.

The study sought to evaluate if peer input on outpatient cases impacted diagnostic confidence. This randomized trial of a peer input intervention occurred among 28 clinicians with case-level randomization. Encounters with diagnostic uncertainty were entered onto a digital platform to collect input from ≥5 clinicians. The primary outcome was diagnostic confidence. We used mixed-effects logistic regression analyses to assess for intervention impact on diagnostic confidence. Among the 509 cases (255 control; 254 intervention), the intervention did not impact confidence (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.999-2.12), but after adjusting for clinician and case traits, the intervention was associated with higher confidence (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.32). The intervention impact was greater in cases with high uncertainty (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.09- 9.52). Peer input increased diagnostic confidence primarily in high-uncertainty cases, consistent with findings that clinicians desire input primarily in cases with continued uncertainty.

A Variation of Lp Uncertainty Principles in Weinstein Setting

The Weinstein operator has several applications in pure and applied Mathematics especially in Fluid Mechanics and satisfies some uncertainty principles similar to the Euclidean Fourier transform. The aim of this paper is establish a generalization of uncertainty principles for Weinstein transform in L pα -norm. Firstly, we extend the Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl uncertainty principle to more general case. Then we establish three continuous uncertainty principles of concentration type. The first and the second uncertainty principles are L pα versions and depend on the sets of concentration Ω and Σ, and on the time function ϕ. However, the third uncertainty principle is also L pα version depends on the sets of concentration and he is independent on the band limited function ϕ. These L pα -Donoho-Stark-type inequalities generalize the results obtained in the case p = q = 2.

A novel condition for fixed-time stability and its application in controller design for robust fixed-time chaos stabilization against Hölder continuous uncertainties

This paper presents a new nonlinear state-feedback controller design for robust fixed-time chaos stabilization of chaotic systems in the presence of a relatively large class of uncertainties known as Holder continuous uncertainties. Based on Lyapunov's second method, a novel sufficient condition for fixed-time stability is derived. The spectacular property of the proposed controller is that the upper bound of the convergence time exists as an explicit parameter in the control's law, thus the true fixed stabilization time can be set in advance. To show the effectiveness of the proposed controller, two scenarios are provided, and the simulation results are reported.

The gloom of the COVID-19 shock in the hospitality industry: A study of consumer risk perception and adaptive belief in the dark cloud of a pandemic.

As the new coronavirus (COVID-19) spreads globally, the hospitality industry is at the heart of implementing social distancing, a measure demonstrated to be effective in flattening the epidemic curve. Informed by the perceived risk theory, this research examines how the customer's perception of the shock of the coronavirus pandemic impacts on their beliefs, and how their beliefs could influence their anticipated emotions (negative and positive) which could affect their future desire towards visiting restaurants. Structural equation modelling was used to understand the research constructs' associations. This study provides two key suggestions: (i) that the hospitality industry is built on trust from their customers by supporting and resourcing consumers' self-protection behaviour and adoptive belief, and (ii) that the economic influence and the continuous uncertainty and transformation of the restaurant business need the enhancement of localisation strategies, practices and performance.

Grappling with Gulf War Illness: Perspectives of Gulf War Providers.

Background: Although the Gulf War occurred almost 30 years ago, the chronic symptoms of Gulf War illness (GWI), which include respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin problems, as well as fatigue, pain, and mood alterations, currently affect over 200,000 veterans. Meanwhile, healthcare providers lack clear guidelines about how to best treat this illness. The objective in this study was to learn about the perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers of GWI veterans in terms of medical symptoms, resources for treatment, and quality of care. Methods: We interviewed 10 healthcare providers across the United States and subsequently conducted a qualitative grounded theory study which entailed both systematic data analysis and generating a grounded theory framework. Results: Our findings indicated multiple challenges for providers of veterans with GWI, including gaps in knowledge about GWI, lack of treatment options, absence of consistent communication within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) system, and personalized care that was limited to validation. Conclusion: While this study had several limitations, it supported the notion that healthcare providers have inadequate knowledge and awareness about GWI, which leads to continued uncertainty about how to best care for GWI veterans. This could be remedied by the creation of a comprehensive curriculum for a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) to serve as an educational tool for those attending to this largely overlooked veteran population.

The bi-factor structure of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in persistent major depression; dimensional measurement of outcome

The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17) is used world-wide as an observer-rated measure of depression in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) despite continued uncertainty regarding its factor structure. This study investigated the dimensionality of HDRS17 for patients undergoing treatment in UK mental health settings with moderate to severe persistent major depressive disorder (PMDD). Exploratory Structural Equational Modelling (ESEM) was performed to examine the HDRS17 factor structure for adult PMDD patients with HDRS17 score ≥16. Participants (n = 187) were drawn from a multicentre RCT conducted in UK community mental health settings evaluating the outcomes of a depression service comprising CBT and psychopharmacology within a collaborative care model, against treatment as usual (TAU). The construct stability across a 12-month follow-up was examined through a measurement equivalence/invariance (ME/I) procedure via ESEM. ESEM showed HDRS17 had a bi-factor structure for PMDD patients (baseline mean (sd) HDRS17 22.6 (5.2); 87% PMDD >1 year) with an overall depression factor and two group factors: vegetative-worry and retardation-agitation, further complicated by negative item loading. This bi-factor structure was stable over 12 months follow up. Analysis of the HDRS6 showed it had a unidimensional structure, with positive item loading also stable over 12 months. In this cohort of moderate-severe PMDD the HDRS17 had a bi-factor structure stable across 12 months with negative item loading on domain specific factors, indicating that it may be more appropriate to multidimensional assessment of settled clinical states, with shorter unidimensional subscales such as the HDRS6 used as measures of change.

Mapping signs and making them stick: discursive power and the semiotic construction of a ‘world’s leader’

ABSTRACT As multivalent concepts, projects and formations such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative continue to cleave through new spaces, it is increasingly important to attend to the construction, framing, maintenance and dissemination of the sign systems that enable them. Whether or not these systems constitute forms of cultural imperialism, move across ‘-scapes,’ create ‘frictions,’ or expand geo-political power; the discourses that globally extended actors mobilize will increasingly play the pivotal and contentious role of mapping and stabilizing meaning. This article explores this problematic by considering one actor, the Belt and Road Studies Network (BRSN); one space, its website, brsn.net; and the sign system these construct. The language and technological affordances of brsn.net are analyzed with respect to a selection of salient contextual aspects: the monumental revival of a new ‘Silk Road’, the propaganda work of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the United Front Work Department (UFWD), and the expansion of think tanks in response to the continuous uncertainties of geo-political ecologies.

Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning Towards a 100% Renewable Future

This paper proposes a novel modeling framework and decomposition-based solution strategy combining stochastic programming (SP) and robust optimization (RO) to deal with multiplex uncertainties in coordinated mid- and long-term power system planning. The problem is formulated as a multi-year generation and transmission planning problem from an independent system operator (ISO)’s perspective to minimize both expansion and operational costs under binary and continuous uncertainties, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bf i.e.}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , system component contingency and load/generation variation. N- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\bf {k}$</tex-math></inline-formula> contingencies are captured in RO using the reformulated contingency criteria, while the load/generation uncertainty is considered in SP embedded with RO using operating scenarios generated from the historical data with spatiotemporal correlations. The original hybrid model is highly intractable, but the intractability can be relieved by the proposed decomposition strategy based on the column-and-constraint generation and L-shaped algorithms. We apply our model to perform long-term system planning under extremely high renewable penetration and investigate the case of 100% renewables in long-term planning. Numerical experiments on multi-scale test systems verify the efficacy of the proposed approach.

Risk and resilience during COVID-19: A new study in the Zigler paradigm of developmental science.

When children are exposed to serious life adversities, Ed Zigler believed that developmental scientists must expediently strive to illuminate the most critical directions for beneficial interventions. In this paper, we present a new study on risk and resilience on adolescents during COVID-19, bookended - in introductory and concluding discussions - by descriptions of programmatic work anchored in lessons learned from Zigler. The new study was conducted during the first two months of the pandemic, using a mixed-methods approach with a sample of over 2,000 students across five high schools. Overall, rates of clinically significant symptoms were generally lower as compared to norms documented in 2019. Multivariate regressions showed that the most robust, unique associations with teens' distress were with feelings of stress around parents and support received from them. Open ended responses to three questions highlighted concerns about schoolwork and college, but equally, emphasized worries about families' well-being, and positive outreach from school adults. The findings have recurred across subsequent school assessments, and strongly resonate with contemporary perspectives on resilience in science and policy. If serious distress is to be averted among youth under high stress, interventions must attend not just to the children's mental health but that of salient caregiving adults at home and school. The article concludes with some specific recommendations for community-based initiatives to address mental health through continued uncertainties of the pandemic.