Relative Content Research Articles

Health communication, infodemics and disinformation about dementia related contents during COVID pandemic in Arabic countries: A bibliometric analysis

Health communication, infodemics and disinformation about dementia related contents during COVID pandemic in Arabic countries: A bibliometric analysis

Evaluating the efficacy of citrus fruit peel extract in preserving the quality of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) surimi during frozen storage

This research investigated the effects of mosambi peel extract (MPE) on the stability of proteins and textural characteristics of silver carp surimi during frozen storage at -20°C. The findings revealed that surimi fortified with 0.75% MPE displayed upgraded protein solubility (PS), water holding capacity (WHC), Ca2+-ATPase activity, and sulfhydryl (SH) content. It also exhibited reduced levels of total carbonyls and surface hydrophobicity, along with higher overall acceptability compared to surimi treated with synthetic cryoprotectants (control) throughout storage. Additionally, MPE slowed down the increase in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and protein degradation index (PI), as evidenced by SDS-PAGE showing higher intensities of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin over the storage period. Moreover, the incorporation of MPE effectively mitigated lipid oxidation as peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were lesser than control. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peaks specified that the relative content of α-helix and β-sheet structures remained more stable in the MPE-treated group compared to the control, along with the improved gel and textural properties of surimi. Hence, this study suggests that 0.75% MPE could serve as a natural alternative to synthetic cryoprotectants, ensuring the oxidative stability of silver carp surimi during frozen storage while enriching it with beneficial bioactive compounds.

The blockage and erosion characteristics of woody debris flow on an erodible gully bed: Insight from a small-scale model experiment

During the transportation process of debris flow with large wood (LW), phenomena such as channel blockage and collapse frequently occurs, resulting in increased discharge surges, heightened erosion intensity, and amplified damage. Accurately predicted the blockage performance is the basis of evaluating the damage and disaster mitigation of woody debris flow. In this study, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments of woody debris flow on erodible gully bed. The experiment results show that the final blockage types can be divided into three types: non-blockage, blockage, and semi-blockage. Temporary blockage will cause abundant sediment deposited temporarily and then released instantaneously, resulting in destructive surges and eventually lead to semi-blockage and non-blockage. The blockage degree is positively correlated with the relative length, relative content of LW, and bulk density of debris flow, but negatively correlated with slope. Channel blockage is often accompanied by significant local erosion effect, and the erosion depth of downstream channel increases with the increase in blockage degree. The blockage and collapse mechanism of woody debris flow was analyzed, and the results emphasized that channel erosion promoted the outbreak of blockage collapse. Based on the analysis of blockage performance, we propose an improved blockage criterion F to evaluate the blockage degree, and the high probability range of temporary blockage is determined as 1.5–5.0. The results can provide reference for the risk assessment and mitigation of woody debris flow.

Behavioural mimicry or herd behaviour of Generation Z? Social media interactions in the context of information overload

Abstract The article aimed to examine the relationship between Generation Z’s interactions on social networking sites in the context of herd behaviour and behavioural mimicry through central and peripheral content processing pathways. The study was conducted using the CAWI method on a group of 142 representatives of Generation Z from selected universities in Poland. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analyses. In the case of information overload, approximately 20 % of respondents’ interactions on different social media platforms may result from behavioural mimicry and herd behaviours. This type of activity is influenced primarily by the observed number of interactions and the emotional nature of other users’ reactions. The observed differences are determined by gender, the type of social media platform, and related content specificity. Research limitations result from the specificity of the research sample in the context of its homogeneity and size. The theoretical contribution is related to the development of the cognitive-emotional-behavioural theory of memes about the imitation of interactions of social media users’ conditioned herd behaviour and behavioural mimicry. The novelty of the research lies in the application of the theoretical Elaboration Likelihood Model approach to the analysis of herd behaviour and behavioural mimicry in the context of research on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural activities of various social media platform users.

Influence of starch on freeze-thaw stability of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix surimi gel observed via ice crystal distribution and gel properties

Starch has been recognized as a vital ingredient in surimi products due to its ability to absorb water, which reduces the deterioration of gels and water loss during freezing and thawing. However, it is essential to ascertain the role of starch in the formation of ice crystals and the texture of surimi gels. The impact of freeze-thaw cycles on the morphology and distribution of ice crystals, as well as the textural characteristics of gelatinized and ungelatinized starch-surimi gels was investigated. The results of light microscopy revealed that the presence of starch, irrespective of whether it was gelatinized, resulted in a reduction in the size of ice crystals within the surimi gel network during the freeze-thaw process. In addition, starch in surimi gels was subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, resulting in the emergence of two distinct states of bound water (0.1–1 ms and 1–10 ms). The higher relative content of immobile water indicated that the gelatinized starch had improved water holding properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of gelatinized starch into surimi enhanced its freeze-thaw stability and retarded the loss of gel strength, hardness, and whiteness. The addition of starch had a synergistic impact, enhancing the gel properties by affecting the formation of ice crystals and water absorption.

Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds of Different Types of Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) Using Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry

AbstractAs a vegetable and spice crop, the quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is considerably affected by flavor. However, research on flavor of different C. annuum L. varieties, such as the fruits of “Gansu Xianjiao” (GX) and “Gansu Banjiao” (GB), is limited. In this study, comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis were used to elucidate the flavor differences between GX and GB. A total of 2458 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified, with GX and GB possessing 1914 and 1802 VOCs, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed 215 differential VOCs in GX versus GB. The relative contents of pyrazine, 2‐ethenyl‐6‐methyl and 1‐cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylic acid, 2,6,6‐trimethyl‐, ethyl ester were most significantly increased, whereas those of 4‐methylpentyl 4‐methylpentanoate methional and 2‐furanmethanol,5‐methyl‐ were most significantly decreased. Further, these differential VOCs were correlated with sensory attributes, such as the sweetness, fruitiness, and green aroma. This study will provide deeper insights into improving the flavor quality of C. annuum L.

A novel efficient liquefaction process for corn starch through ternary deep eutectic solvent: Products characterization and liquefaction mechanism.

A novel approach for the solvothermal liquefaction of corn starch (CS) was investigated, using ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) as both an acidic catalyst and a source of liquefaction reagent. Synergistic effects from multi-component TDES were observed, leading to milder reaction conditions (110 °C, 35 min) and improved product selectivity (relative content of polyhydroxy compounds up to 97.83 %). As a result, a viscosity of 351.76 mPa·s, hydroxyl number of 131.98 mg KOH/g, and acid number of 5.56 mg KOH/g of LP-60 with comparable polyol properties were obtained. Liquefaction residue analysis revealed a significant enhancement in the reactivity of CS by disrupting its recalcitrant structure through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding in TDES, as evidenced by the significant reduction of short-range ordering (R1047/1022 and R995/1022) and C1 (C-C/C-H), C3 (C=O/O-C-O) components of the starch granule surface. According to the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy result, the reaction pathway and mass balance for CS liquefaction in the TDES system were proposed. This study provides an efficient and mild route for starch liquefaction using TDES.

Effects of TGase on the rheological behaviors, structural properties and molecular forces of cowpea protein isolate and cowpea albumin gels.

The effects of TGase on hardness, water holding capacity (WHC), molecular forces, structural properties, microstructure and rheological behaviors of TGase-induced cowpea protein isolate gel (T-CPIG) and cowpea albumin gel (T-CPAG) were investigated. TGase significantly increased the hardness of gels and the most stable three-dimensional network structures were formed by adding 20 U/g and 28 U/g. Not only the non-network structure proteins of gels and free sulfhydryl groups were fewer but also the β-fold and β-angle relative contents were higher than cowpea protein isolate (CPI) and cowpea albumin (CPA). Hydrophobic interaction and the disulfide bond played main roles in the formation of T-CPIG and T-CPAG. Scanning electron microscopy and rheological properties of the gel suggested that the TGase addition significantly influenced the fundamental structure and mechanical properties of the T-CPIG and T-CPAG. Taken together, the findings shed light on the gelation mechanisms of TGase cowpea proteins.

The attitude of society towards people with mental disorders and psychiatric care

Background: Globalization, digitalization and other processes of transformation of society have significantly transformed the patterns of people's daily lives. High technologies have simplified many socio-economic processes and at the same time complicated the structure and content of social relations, significantly accelerating the pace and dynamics of social processes, which could not but affect the mental and physical health of people. 9 out of 10 Russians (90 %) face stress at different intervals, as a result, studying the attitude of citizens to mental disorders and their willingness to seek qualified psychiatric help becomes an urgent task. The purpose of the work is to identify the attitude of citizens towards mental disorders, psychiatrists and psychiatry, as well as their readiness to seek qualified psychiatric help in the event of mental health disorders. Materials and methods: This article presents the results of a qualitative study using a focus group discussion by 30 people aged 18 to 65 years: from 18 to 35 years, 36–59 years and 60 years and older. Results and conclusions: The main reason for the negative attitude of society towards mental disorders, psychiatrists and psychiatry is the low level of trust in the doctor, which results in partial or even complete failure by patients to fulfill medical appointments. The study made it possible to identify the social and psychological attitudes of representatives of all age groups, to come to a single agreed opinion regarding the negative attitude of society towards mental disorders and low willingness to seek qualified psychiatric help in the event of mental health disorders.

Developing drought and heat-resistant grapevine cultivars through marker-assisted breeding

Climate change poses significant challenges to viticulture, particularly through increased drought and heat stress. This study integrates physiological, biochemical, genomic, and field performance assessments to identify traits and genetic markers associated with stress tolerance in five grapevine cultivars: Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Syrah, Merlot, and Riesling. Genomic analysis revealed specific SNP markers on chromosomes 4 and 8, linked to water-use efficiency (WUE) and proline accumulation, crucial for osmotic balance under drought conditions. Physiological assessments showed that Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot maintained high relative water content and low stomatal conductance, reducing water loss. Biochemical analysis indicated that Chardonnay and Syrah had elevated heat shock protein (HSP) expression and low malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, supporting cellular stability under heat. Field trials further validated these traits, with Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay demonstrating yield stability and high sugar content despite stress. This research underscores the potential of marker-assisted breeding to develop climate-resilient grapevine cultivars, offering practical insights for sustainable viticulture in the face of global climate shifts.

Response of photosynthetic efficiency parameters and leaf area index of alternative barley genotypes to increasing sowing density

Alternative barley genotypes can be a source of genetic variability for breeding and raw material for functional food production. The reaction of these genotypes to diverse sowing densities is unknown. The study aimed to assess the response in physiological characteristics of alternative barley genotypes Hordeum vulgare var. rimpaui and H. v. var. nigricans to increasing sowing density. In a strict field experiment, two barley genotypes and five sowing densities were tested: 250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 grains m-2. Chlorophyll fluorescence indices, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and leaf area index (LAI) were assessed. The interaction of the study year, genotype, and sowing density significantly shaped the physiological indices of the canopy. When rainfall was deficient, the plants reduced their leaf area but had higher SPAD and PIabs of the flag leaf. In the year with optimal rainfall, LAI increased with increasing sowing density. In the dry year, PIabs of the flag leaf in H. v. var. rimpaui was the highest at 250 grains m-2 and decreased with increasing density, and in H. v. var. nigricans, it only reduced at 450 grains m-2 A strong negative relationship was observed between LAI and SPAD, as well as between LAI and PIabs. Sowing density had a significant effect on grain yield per plant, which was related to the physiological response. However, the genotypes tested responded differently to this factor. The results may by prove for agricultural practice and scientific research, particularly in relation to the optimal sowing density of alternative barley genotypes and the identification of density-tolerant genotypes in response to varying environmental conditions.

A new 3D vision-based leaf rolling index (LRI) and its application as a stable indicator of cotton drought stress

The leaf rolling index (LRI) is a phenotype with significant physiological implications under drought stress. However, research on the quantification of the cotton LRI is lacking, limiting its application in drought diagnosis, irrigation guidance, and physiological assessments. This study conducted a 3D reconstruction of cotton using Structure from Motion (SFM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS). Algorithms for leaf point cloud preprocessing and phenotype extraction were developed using the PCL point cloud library and integrated into software to calculate the leaf area and perimeter. The LRI was quantified in 3D space based on the point cloud area ratio. On this basis, we analyze the relationships between LRI and leaf physiological indicators such as leaf water potential (LWP), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), and electron transport rate (ETR) at the seedling and flowering stages. The results indicate that the cotton LRI provides a stable indicator of drought stress, which is mainly reflected in the stable correlation between the LRI and water physiological parameters (LWP, and RWC), with coefficients of determination (R²) exceeding 0.70. Furthermore, the correlation between the LRI and the ETR suggests that the LRI could be used to assess photosynthetic efficiency under drought stress. This study demonstrates that LRI based on 3D vision in cotton may serve as a reliable morphological indicator for indicating drought stress and evaluating photosynthetic efficiency.

Holographic Technology in Stem Education and Training

Three - dimensional (3D) holographic technology, like virtual, augmented, and mixed reality technology, is an emerging technology designed to improve learning outcomes in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines. Holograms provide unique opportunities to enhance students' understanding of intractable concepts and processes using engaging visualization methods. Portable 3D holographic fans allow for the improved visualization of molecules, structures, pathways, and other STEM - related content that have the potential to elevate information acquisition in novel ways that extend beyond 2 - D presentations and textbook figures. While the potentiality of this innovative technology is exciting, adopting 3D holographic materials in the STEM pedagogical and research environment requires producing literary evidence to justify usage in specific contexts and sufficient guidance on safety protocols. A review of 3D hologram technology revealed an inadequate amount of efficacy research. Quantitative and qualitative research studies involving STEM majors, faculty, and researchers constitute the engine that will drive the utilization of 3D hologram visualizations in STEM undergraduate, graduate, and professional school classrooms and laboratories. The current article reviews relevant research findings and discusses the potential impacts of 3D hologram technology in teaching, research, distance learning, and medical contexts.

Metabolomics reveal changes of flavonoids during processing of “nine-processed” tangerine peel (Jiuzhi Chenpi)

“Nine-processed” tangerine peel (Jiuzhi Chenpi) is a special snack in Guangdong, China, which is made by traditional and complex techniques. However, it is not clear how the flavonoid composition changes during its complex processing. In this study, we employed UPLC-ESI-Q Trap-MS/MS to comprehensively evaluate the alterations in flavonoids metabolites at four key processing stages: raw materials (CP1), soaking (CP2), curing (CP3), and aging (CP4). The results showed that total of 165 flavonoids metabolites were detected. Naringin, narirutin, hesperidin, neohesperidin and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone were the top five compounds in terms of the relative content (>5.00%), and their relative content did not change significantly during processing. From CP1 to CP4, the relative content of 38 compounds, including 3′,4′,5,6,7-Pentamethoxyflavanone, apigenin 6,8-C-diglucoside, and diosmin, decreased continuously during processing. The relative contents of astragalin, naringenin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside were increased by 2.06 times, 2.12 times and 3.34 times, respectively. Isorhamnetin-O-hexoside-O-pentoside (1.98%), 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone (0.43%), daidzein-hexoside-xyloside (0.03%), acacetin-7-O-galactoside (0.03%), chrysin-O-glucoside (0.01%), glycitein (0.01%), and prunetin (0.01%) were only detected in CP4. Correlation analysis showed that total flavonoids and naringin were significantly positively correlated with antioxidant activity. These findings offer valuable insights into the metabolites of “nine-processed” tangerine peel during processing and provide a basis for process optimization and quality control.

Which Type of Social Media Content is Most Effective for Driving Engagement Outcomes?

The purpose of this research is to determine which type of content (infotainment content, remunerative content, and relational content) is most effective in improving engagement outcomes (word-of-mouth, customer trust, and customer experience) on Instagram. Additionally, it aims to investigate the role of self-congruence as a moderator of marketing outcomes. The target sample for this research includes active Instagram users over 17 years old who have been exposed to residential home design & build content in the last 6 months. Data analysis will be conducted using SEM-PLS. The research demonstrates that the type of content influences marketing outcomes, with infotainment content being the most effective in increasing engagement. This research provides a new theoretical contribution by exploring the influence of social media content types on marketing outcomes and testing the moderating role of self-congruence.

Features of Empirical Bio-Optical Algorithms for Estimating Chlorophyll-a Concen tration from Satellite Ocean Color Data in Waters around the Antarctic Peninsula

The features of the empirical bio-optical algorithm operation in the waters around the Antarctic Peninsula are analyzed based on a comparison of calibrated data from the shipborne flow fluorimeter and satellite data from the OLCI radiometer on Senti nel-3A and Sentinel-3B satellites during the Antarctic summers of January-February 2020 and 2022. It is shown that the standard OC4 bio-optical algorithm significantly underestimates satellite estimates of Chl-a concentration from ~1.5 to ~9 times (on aver age by a factor of ~3.1). The known regional OC4-SO algorithm provides acceptable errors of Chl-a concentration estimates and can be used for studies related to the analysis of Chl-a concentration in the waters around the Antarctic Peninsula. The developed in this work new regional algorithm OC4-AP has significantly lower error in comparison with the known standard and regional algorithms. It can be used if it is necessary to obtain a remote estimate of the concentration of Chl-a, as close as possible to the accumulated world experience in determining this value by standard extract spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. The observed underestimation of satellite estimates of Chl-a concentration using the standard empirical bio-optical OC4 algorithm can be attributed to at least three reasons typical for the studied water area: low relative CDOM content, high phycoerythrin content, and stronger effect of pigment packing in phytoplankton cells compared to the average values in the World Ocean.

The Application of Stress Modifiers as an Eco-Friendly Approach to Alleviate the Water Scarcity in Ajwain (Carum copticum L.) Plants.

Stress modifiers are recognized as biostimulants providing beneficial effects on various plant species. However, the specific potential of modulators such as melatonin, chitosan, humic acid, and selenium in enhancing the resistance of ajwain (Carum copticum L.) plants to water scarcity remains an open question. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a randomized, field block-designed factorial experiment over two years (2022-2023) to compare the effectiveness of these biostimulants in mitigating the impact of water shortage on ajwain plants. This study involved three irrigation regimes: 100% field water capacity (FC100%-unstressed), 75% irrigation deficit (FC75%-moderate) and 50% irrigation deficit (FC50%-severe), and four modifier treatments (melatonin, chitosan, humic acid, selenium), plus untreated controls. Plant growth, seed yields, essential oil production, as well as eco-physiological traits were studied to assess the efficacy of these compounds as stress modulators. Water regimes and stress modifier applications, as a single factor or in synergy, significantly affected plant physiology and seed yield, highlighting the importance of sustainability in agricultural practices. Compared to FC100%, biological and seed yield, chlorophyll, and nutrient content decreased under FC75% and FC50%, while essential oil production, proline, soluble sugars, flavonoids, phenols and antioxidant enzymatic activity increased. Notably, regardless of the type of modulator used, the application of these modifiers improved all physiological attributes under moderate and severe irrigation deficits. Among the involved compounds, melatonin induced the most pronounced effects, leading to higher biological and seed yield, essential and fixed oil production, relative leaf water content, chlorophyll and nutrient concentration, and antioxidant activity. Our results demonstrate that such compounds effectively function as stress modulators against water scarcity in ajwain plants by preserving specific eco-physiological traits and promoting water saving. These findings provide valuable insights into their use as a nature-based solution for addressing water stress in sustainable agriculture and climate change challenges.

Impact of Water Temperature on Seedling Quality Parameters in Lactuca sativa L., Solanum lycopersicum L., and Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.

Heat stress represents a significant challenge to global agricultural production, with particular emphasis on air temperature stress. Despite considerable attention to this issue, limited information is available regarding the impact of irrigation water temperature on the quality of vegetable crops. In this study, kohlrabi, tomato, and lettuce were subjected to three distinct irrigation temperatures: 17 °C, 24 °C, and 34 °C. A variety of parameters were measured for the three vegetables, including seedling height, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), mass of the green part (FW), mass of roots (FW), dry weight (DW) of the green part, DW of roots, and leaf area. The results indicated a significant decrease in oxygen (O2) content with rising water temperature, with a 20.8% reduction at 34 °C compared to 17 °C. Notably, the highest temperature of 34 °C exerted the most positive influence on the studied parameters, particularly evident in kohlrabi and tomato. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by elucidating the impact of irrigation water temperature on the growth and development of vegetable seedlings. The findings presented here lay the groundwork for further investigations into the effects of heat stress on agricultural practices.

Sedimentary, geochemical and reservoir characteristics of the Quaternary submarine fan in the Qiongdongnan basin

The South China Sea holds significant marine oil and gas resources, with the Qiongdongnan Basin being a key area. Submarine fans, as major marine reservoir systems, are crucial for storing natural gas and gas hydrates. However, research on the large Quaternary submarine fan in this basin is limited. Our study examines the importance of Quaternary submarine fans in the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea, with a focus on their development. By utilizing 3D seismic data and core samples, our research aims to analyze submarine fan features and their developmental processes. The submarine fans are divided into four units, with Unit 1–2 submarine fans and internal waterways gradually increasing in size, and Unit 2 to Unit 4 submarine fans and waterway development decreasing in size. Through major and trace element analysis of core samples, we discovered that each major and trace element has different characteristics in different units, such as higher relative contents of Zr and Ti in Units 3 and 4, and higher relative contents of K in Unit 2. Simultaneously microscopic observations and reservoir characteristic parameters are utilized to evaluate the quality of submarine fan reservoirs. We reveal that Unit 2 has the best reservoir quality, followed by Unit 1, and that Units 3 and 4 have poor reservoirs quality This research enhances understanding of the sedimentary evolution of submarine fans in the Qiongdongnan Basin, offers insights into regional geological processes and contributes to global deep-water basin exploration and management.

Cadmium distribution and availability in different particle-size aggregates of post-harvest paddy soil amended with bio-based materials

Research on the use of organic materials as soil amendments for the remediation of Cd-contaminated agricultural land exists. However, the mechanisms based on which organic materials affect the distribution and availability of Cd in soil aggregates remain unclear. Here, Cd-contaminated paddy soil and different bio-based materials were used for rice pot experiments. Rhizosphere soils were separated into six particle sizes. Cd fractions were analyzed with BCR sequential extraction and specific functional groups associated with Cd were characterized using XPS. We found that bio-based materials promoted the formation of large aggregates to different extents. Cd tended to be enriched in fine- and coarse-grained soil particles, which is mainly related to the soil organic matter. Bio-based materials reduced the relative content of the weak-acid extractable fraction and increased the relative content of the reducible fraction, resulting in soil Cd immobilization. Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) was the key factor affecting the distribution and availability of Cd in soil aggregates and different organic matter and Cd-binding functional groups in aggregates altered the Cd availability in soil. The results provide insight and guidance for understanding the cadmium immobilization mechanism and screening appropriate materials in the remediation of agricultural land.