Modern Context Research Articles

Seventy years of study on ethnic paleography in China

This paper systematically presents the development process of studying ancient Chinese ethnic scripts over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, including the establishment of related research institutions and academic disciplines. Firstly, it records the establishment of the Chinese Association for Ethnic Paleography, the emergence of ancient scripts of ethnic groups in China as an academic discipline, and the conduction of a comprehensive and in-depth study of ancient Chinese ethnic literature in history. Secondly, this paper outlines the establishment of the National Leading Group for Compilation and Publication Planning of Ancient Ethnic Books, the census of ancient books written in ethnic scripts, the specialized preservation and conservation of ancient ethnic books in Xizang and Xinjiang, the promotion of compiling and publishing ancient ethnic books, and how the promotion further drives the protection of and research on ancient books written in ethnic scripts. Thirdly, the paper lists many innovative outcomes in studying ancient ethnic books. Fourthly, the paper proposes to conduct further censuses and in-depth research in this area, establish a grading system for ancient ethnic books, and utilize the resource of ancient ethnic books written in ethnic scripts in a modern context to further promote the excellent cultural heritages of the Chinese nation and enhancing ethnic unity and national unity.

Against Artificial Education: Towards an Ethical Framework for Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use in Education

The arrival of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally different from prior technologies used in educational settings. Educators and researchers of online, blended, and in-person learning are still coming to grips with possible applications of AI in the learning experience with existing technologies; let alone understanding the potential consequences that future developments in AI will produce. Despite potential risks, AI may revolutionize previous models of teaching and learning and perhaps create opportunities to realize progressive educational goals. Given the longstanding tradition of philosophy to examine questions surrounding ethics, ontology, technology, and education, the purpose of this critical reflection paper is to draw from prominent philosophers across these disciplines to address the question: how can AI be employed in future educational contexts in a humanizing and ethical manner? Drawing from the work of Gunther Anders, Michel Foucault, Paolo Freire, Benjamin Bloom, and Hannah Arendt, we propose a framework for assessing the use and ethics of AI in modern education contexts regarding human versus AI generated textual and multimodal content, and the broader political, social, and cultural implications. We conclude with applied examples of the framework and implications for future research and practice.

Arbitragem e energia no Brasil

The electric industry encompasses the segments of energy generation, transmission, and distribution. It comprises intensive infrastructure investments and energy commercialization. Events related to energy transition and the integration of disruptive technologies have altered the sector’s landscape, requiring system flexibility and increased regulatory proactivity. Additionally, it demands structural, operational, and market changes. The sector is disruptive in terms of governance and operational, market, and legal aspects. In the 2000s, the introduction of competitive areas in the electric industry was the first step towards the use of arbitration, driven by regulatory reforms and in response to the country’s energy crisis, which also led to the first arbitration in the Brazilian electric sector involving the Public Administration. Law nº 10.848/2004 currently makes arbitration mandatory in energy trading contracts managed by the CCEE. Arbitration also finds space in other forms of energy negotiation, such as contracts for mini and micro-distributed generation and energy derivatives. The context of modernization increased renewable energy production and market opening create opportunities for arbitration expansion. There is also potential for further development in enabling relationships of capital-intensive electric industry activities. The paper provides data on the state of the art of these contracts in the Brazilian electric sector, indicating under what circumstances arbitration could enhance governance in the industry.

"Sit Down. Take Pen and Ink and Write. Are You Ready?" Sitting in the Early Modern Imagination

Abstract: Sitting might be associated in our minds with a break in action; less a gesture than a slump into inertia. However, by analyzing John Milton's Samson Agonistes (1671), John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi (1614), and texts on melancholy and Hercules's attack on the Pygmies, we argue that manifold ideas about madness and melancholy are encapsulated in the early modern sitting body. Hercules, Samson, and the Duchess are explicitly written—or can be read—as mad and melancholy. Like Lucas Cranach and Albrecht Dürer's depictions of Melancholia, these characters are seen in a sitting posture. By sitting decisively, the Duchess and Samson alert us to their early modern context which is rife with visual and textual depictions of sitting. Thereby, they invite us to read their sitting bodies as sites where madness and rationality, power and dependency, and different genders, incline into and towards each other.

Social Media Marketing Vs. Traditional Marketing: Evaluating the Success Rate

Abstract: This study delves into the comparative effectiveness of social media marketing (SMM) and traditional marketing strategies in modern business contexts. It explores the evolution, advantages, and disadvantages of both approaches, aiming to provide insights for marketers and decision-makers. By critically evaluating existing literature and analysing key metrics such as reach, engagement, the study offers practical recommendations for optimizing marketing tactics and achieving overall success in today's dynamic marketplace. This paper investigates the comparative viability of social media showcasing and conventional showcasing in driving brand victory. Through a comprehensive writing audit and investigation of experimental information, the consider analyses the points of interest, challenges, and effect of both promoting approaches on customer behaviour and acquiring choices.

Examining the Transformation of "Ancient and Modern" from the Perspective of "Weber's Proposition": How the "Iron Cage" of Modernity Is Formed

Weber attempted to find the crucial cultural impetus that supports and propels the capitalist mode of production in the Protestant Ethic, namely the spirit of capitalism. He interconnected religion, culture, and socio-economics through rationalism, simultaneously delving into a conceptual issue, the "transformation of ancient and modern," brought about by the development of rationalism. Building upon this, Weber uniquely examined how society and actions are irreversibly propelled by the force of these ideas to construct the "iron cage" of modernity. Therefore, placing "Weber's proposition" within the broader context of modern thought serves as a perspective to help us better understand and reflect on capitalism as a spirit of thought or ideology, as well as the crises hidden within the societal reality constructed upon it.

Cocos Nucifera Dyeing on Cotton Fabric as an Eventual Replacement

A traditional technique for colouring textiles, yarns, or fibres is called "natural dyeing," and it involves employing dyes made from plants, insects, and minerals. The usage of this age-old technique predates synthetic dyes by thousands of years, as documented by numerous cultures across the globe. In this procedure, colour compounds are extracted from natural sources and applied to textiles using a variety of methods, such as resist dyeing, direct application, or immersion dyeing. Natural dyes are typically more environmentally friendly and biodegradable than synthetic ones, which frequently include harsh chemicals and may have adverse effects on the environment. The relationship between natural colouring and traditional workmanship as well as sustainability is one of its most alluring features. It encourages a greater respect for nature and the use of renewable resources. A vast spectrum of colours can also be produced by natural dyes, however they might be more delicate and complex than their synthetic equivalents. Although natural dyeing has numerous benefits, there are drawbacks as well, including color fastness, consistency, and the availability of dye supplies. However, artists and textile aficionados are still exploring and expanding the potential of natural dyeing techniques in modern contexts through careful experimentation, sharing of knowledge, and creativity. The goal of the current endeavour was to employ the extract that was previously described in a sustainable way. Thus, an attempt is made to colour cotton material at different temperatures utilising alum as a colourant extract and a mordant. To extract colour, the coconut husks were soaked and then cooked for half an hour. The colourant extract and mordants were used to dye the fabric for an hour at a moderate temperature. Tests were conducted on the coloured cloth samples to determine their resistance to light, rubbing, and cleaning. Beneficial results were found. The study's findings so suggest that eco-friendly cotton fabric dyeing has a promising future.

Kedudukan Harta Gono-Gini dalam Pembagian Harta Waris Menurut Hukum Islam

Marriage is a universal rule that applies to all creatures, including humans, animals and plants, as a way to reproduce and maintain life. In Islam, marriage means a contract between a man and a woman's guardian which makes sexual relations halal. A marriage can end due to death, divorce, or court settlement. Divorce is seen as the final step if the relationship cannot be repaired, and in the Qur'an and Hadith, there are no detailed provisions regarding the divorce process, so the law can be adjusted to the situation. One of the consequences of marriage is the existence of, Common Property Treasure acquired during the marriage, and must be managed responsibly by husband and wife. This concept is regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations, such as the Marriage Law, Civil Code, and the Compilation of Islamic Law., Common Property Treasure includes wealth acquired during marriage and belongs jointly to husband and wife, while inherited property is wealth owned before marriage. The issue of, Common Property Treasure has not been widely discussed in classical jurisprudence studies, but in the modern context, this has become important to ensure justice in Division of assets in case of divorce. Islamic law allows the distribution of assets through deliberation or court decisions if necessary. The concept of community property supports the fair distribution of wealth between husband and wife, in accordance with the principles of justice in Islam.

When social status gets in the way of reproduction in modern settings: An evolutionary mismatch perspective

AbstractLow fertility is a growing concern in modern societies. While economic and structural explanations of reproductive hindrances have been informative to some extent, they do not address the fundamental motives that underlie reproductive decisions and are inadequate to explain why East Asian countries, in particular, have such low fertility rates. The current paper advances a novel account of low fertility in modern contexts by describing how modern environments produce a mismatch between our evolved mechanisms and the inputs they were designed to process, leading to preoccupations with social status that get in the way of mating and reproductive outcomes. We also utilize developed East Asian countries as a case study to further highlight how culture may interact with modern features to produce ultralow fertility, sometimes to the extent that people may give up on parenthood or even mating altogether. Through our analysis, we integrate several lines of separate research, elucidate the fundamental dynamics that drive trade-offs between social status and reproductive effort, add to the growing literature on evolutionary mismatch, and provide an improved account of low fertility in modern contexts.

WOMEN'S TESTIMONY IN THE QUR'AN IN ASGHAR ALI ENGINEER'S PERSPECTIVE

Discussions about gender issues in contemporary times are never-ending topics, including in the realm of Islamic studies. This study examines women's testimonies in Asghar Ali Engineer's thoughts, which are analyzed using Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutical phenomenological framework. Engineer's thoughts regarding women's testimony are important to discuss because of the dismantling of the discourse he carried out regarding verses with gender connotations in the Al-Qur'an, which often do not follow the mainstream interpretation. This research is library research with qualitative research methods. The primary source for this research is Asghar Ali Engineer's interpretation of verses from women's testimonies, while the secondary sources used are other literature sources that are relevant to the research, both in the form of books and journal articles. This research aims to track and explore Asghar Ali Engineer's thoughts regarding the verses in women's testimonies. The author uses Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology theory in analyzing Asghar Ali's thoughts. The results of this research were the engineer's re-reading of the verse about women's testimony, namely QS. Al-Baqarah/2: 282. In Paul Ricoer's concept of hermeneutical phenomenology, engineers go through a process of decontextualization-recontextualization in order to obtain new meanings that are relevant to the current context. In the decontextualization process, Engineer explained the socio-cultural conditions at the time the verse was revealed, which implied that women lacked knowledge and experience regarding business, so that one additional female witness was needed as a reminder, and it did not fully mean that women's status was half that of men. The recontextualization process includes three stages, namely semantic, reflexive, and existential. In the modern context where women are more educated about financial matters, even more so than men, there is nothing to prevent a woman's position as a witness from being equal to that of a man.

Choose to Be More Individualistic or Collectivistic? A Reflection on Marriage Practice in Contemporary Chinese Society

This paper explores the evolving dynamics of individualism and collectivism within the context of Chinese modernization, particularly in the realm of marriage practices. Drawing upon Hofstedes cultural dimensions theory, this research conducts two case studies of nominal marriage and marriage migration among rural migrants to assess whether social value in contemporary society reflects a shifting balance between these two values. It finds that there is a trend of departure between biological small self and societal greater self under the modernized environment. Though emerging attention has been paid to individualistic desires for seeking true loves, people still value their social identity when the small- and great- self conflict with each other, possibly through making a compromise to orthodoxy or wrapping themselves in the cloak of individualism to integrate into the so-called modernized urbanites group. Thus, it also indicates that it is hard to define a certain national culture whether appears more individualistic or collectivistic since it depends on what scale it would be measured.

Biodiversity and Utilization Patterns of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Africa

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) constitute a diverse array of botanical taxa cultivated or harvested primarily for their therapeutic properties and, or aromatic compounds. This study describes the biodiversity and usage patterns of medicinal and aromatic plants in Africa, offering a comprehensive exploration of the continent's rich natural resources. Through a meticulous examination of the diverse flora, the research sheds light on the historical, cultural, and ecological significance of these plants in traditional medicine and local practices. The objectives of the study include the evaluation of the diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants present in Africa, as well as the examination of their utilization, encompassing both traditional methodologies and modern applications. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable biodiversity management and underscore the significance of these plants in both traditional and modern contexts.

Determining the amounts of membership interests in the charter capital of a limited liability company as an appropriate way to protect the rights of the member through legal proceedings

In the modern context of corporate law, the study of the effectiveness of the protection of corporate rights of participants in limited liability companies (hereinafter – LLC) is an extremely relevant topic for research. Limited liability companies are the most common organisational and legal form among legal entities for conducting business activities in Ukraine, especially at the levels of small and medium- sized businesses. In this regard, the legislative regulation should be based on accessible and reliable mechanisms for protecting the rights and interests of participants, and quick and fair resolution of internal conflicts that may threaten the viability of the business. The processes of state registration of information about limited liability companies are defining components of the transparency of business activities of this type of legal entity. The article focuses on the importance of the unity of law enforcement practice and legal positions of commercial courts in consideration of corporate disputes, which is an important factor for the protection of property rights, stimulation of investments, and ensuring the stability of the corporate sector of the economy. The legal positions of the Supreme Court regarding the exhaustive list of ways to protect the rights of an LLC member have been explored. It is noted that to protect the rights of members of limited liability companies in cases where their corporate rights have been violated, it is important to consider the provisions of part 5 of article 17 of the Law of Ukraine “On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individual Entrepreneurs and Public Organisations”. An analysis of judicial decisions reveals controversial issues regarding the application of the provisions of this Law. Within this article, an assessment of the effectiveness of current mechanisms for protecting corporate rights is provided, opportunities for their improvement are identified, and recommendations for improving legislative regulation and judicial practice are developed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of ways to protect the rights and interests of participants in the context of state registration of changes to the charter capital and the amounts of membership interests, as well as the assessment of the proportionality and adequacy of the applied measures.

Problematic aspects of the implementation of legal guarantees of human and citizen rights in Ukraine

The article describes the basic rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, which are inalienable rights and freedoms enjoyed by a person from birth. They form the basis of the legal status enshrined in the state constitution and enjoy the highest legal protection. The most important and complex relations between people and the relations between the state and the person in legal form are regulated by formulating the rights, freedoms and obligations underlying the legal status of a person, which is one of the most important not only legal, but also juridical. also political categories. The most important features of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen are: naturalness, continuity, equality, social justification, respect for international standards, state guarantee. The problem of guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of a person by giving them a real character is not only of a practical nature. In the modern context of the development of the rule of law and civil society, it is important to develop a holistic scientific concept of human rights and freedoms, which covers a wide range of theoretical provisions regarding the essence and content of rights and freedoms, their structure and mechanism. Local self-government bodies play an important role in ensuring constitutional rights and freedoms. A real environment for the existence of human rights is possible in the conditions of a democratic state governed by the rule of law. Democracy, rule of law and human rights are inseparable. The rule of law is a guarantee of the reality of human rights in terms of protection from violations by the authorities, and human rights are the main condition and characteristic of democracy, the humanistic and human dimension of the rule of law. The article concludes that the basis of democracy in the state is the guarantee of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen by the Constitution of the state, not only formally, but also in practice. Therefore, taking into account the individual shortcomings of state bodies in regulating the system of human and citizen rights, the number of human rights organizations is growing day by day, both at the national and international levels. At the same time, the article concludes that it is impossible to build a legal state in a society with developed legal nihilism. And respect for the rights of society can be caused only by concern for the same rights of people and citizens.

Looking backwards to move forwards: insights for climate change adaptation from historical Māori relocation due to natural hazards in Aotearoa New Zealand

Climate change relocation of Indigenous communities is increasing globally. For Māori (the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand), many pā (complexes of significant structures) are at risk to climate change impacts with relocation as one potential adaptation option. For Indigenous peoples, this step is not taken lightly, as connection to place is imperative. The aim of this research is to highlight some histories of Māori communities relocating in response to natural hazards, providing insights from the past to help plan for future adaptation. To do this, we undertook a national-scale textual analysis and identified 51 examples of pā relocating in response to natural hazards since pre-1840. We then focused on a case study with members of two iwi (tribes), who relocated following the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera to identify enablers and barriers to relocation, and to draw insights to assist with Māori-led responses to climate change adaptation. We found that key enablers of relocation included whānau (family)-level decision-making, cultural norms of awhi (support), whanaungatanga (relationships), whakapapa (genealogical connection), koha (donation), tuku whenua (gifts of land), and mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge). In summary, Māori and other Indigenous peoples have rich histories of relocations, utilising their own Indigenous knowledge, local implementation, and adaptability to natural hazards that can be implemented in our modern context.

On the Issue of Integration Education Kyrgyz Language and Kyrgyz Literature

The article describes the most fruitful culturally oriented integration techniques in the practice of teaching Kyrgyz literature and the Kyrgyz language. The importance of subject-integrated learning lies in improving the quality of education and students’ interest in learning. The areas of cultural and creative activity in language universities of Kyrgyzstan are considered. The significance of this study lies in the need for an integrated approach to explaining the practice of teaching and learning the Kyrgyz language. In teaching the Kyrgyz language, as in the modern context of globalization, the technology of integrated teaching of the Kyrgyz language and literature comes to the fore). This technology contributes to the formation of a holistic worldview. The authors of this work found that many topics in Kyrgyz literature correspond to the topics of the Kyrgyz language discipline and can be integrated. The importance of subject-integrated learning lies in improving the quality of education and students' interest in learning. Thanks to modern teaching methods, it can be concluded that teaching the Kyrgyz language in integration with literature will allow students to discover and understand the Kyrgyz culture.

EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

The relevance of the study stems from the urgent need for a modern understanding and effective work with people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autism significantly affects the social skills, emotional development, and perception of the world of this special group. In the modern clinical context, the use of emotional intelligence (EI) is becoming a priority for optimal work with this audience. The study aims to develop and test an application for the development of emotional intelligence in people with ASD. The study takes into account an individualised approach, adapting tasks to different levels of cognitive development. Parents and relatives of children with ASD can use the app as a tool for additional development of emotional skills at home. Technological developers can find innovative approaches to creating solutions for people with ASD in the app. The findings of the study may be of interest to psychologists, educators, and organisations that provide psychosocial and educational support to this group. The study's main limitations include the limited number of participants and the lack of long-term follow-up. The findings can serve as a basis for further research and the development of new approaches to working with this special group. In the future, it is important to investigate how different forms of EI-based therapies can affect specific aspects of emotional development in children and adults with ASD. The possibility of integrating EI into existing therapeutic approaches and programmes is also an area for further research aimed at developing more comprehensive clinical intervention strategies.

A cloud-based architecture for explainable Big Data analytics using self-structuring Artificial Intelligence

Big Data is steadily expanding beyond the boundaries of its foundational constructs of three primary Vs, Volume, Velocity and Variety, and two secondary Vs, Veracity and Value. The advent of 5G networks, Edge computing and IoT technologies has transformed Big Data into this modern context. With these new manifestations of Big Data, the focus is not only on the data itself but on the context that it applies to its immediate environment as well as the human and societal perception of this context. It is increasingly challenging for conventional AI algorithms to process and transform this data, analyse and visualise a broad spectrum of insights, and then formulate the explainability of such insights in terms of bias, transparency, safety, ethics, and causality. Self-structuring Artificial Intelligence (SSAI) addresses the limitations of conventional AI by adapting to the inherent structure of the data, incrementally learning and abstracting from this structure. SSAI has not been investigated in a cloud-based setting for generating explainable insights from these new types of Big Data. In this paper we propose a cloud-based architecture for explainable Big Data analytics using SSAI in highly-connected 5G and Edge computing environments. The proposed architecture is empirically evaluated on a commercial scale Big Data use case of Smart Grid for Smart Cities. The results of these experiments confirm the functionality and effectiveness of the proposed architecture.

A Review of Mineralogical Identification of Ayurvedic Rasa Dravyasa in Modern Context

The metals and mineral drugs in Rasashastra are primarily categorized into different groups such as Maharasa, Uparasa, Sadharanarasa, Dhatu, Sudha, Sikta, and Ratna. These categories describe their origins, acceptable properties, and the various processes involved in making drugs for therapeutic use as well as preparation of noble metals. In ancient times, the identification of raw drugs relied mainly based on sensory factors like color, smell, texture, and taste. However, this data alone is insufficient to establish universal standards for both raw drug identification and the scientific detection of adulteration in finished products. Today, a multitude of modern tools and techniques are available for identifying metals and minerals, such as nature, crystal habit, color, streak, cleavage, fracture, lustre, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), chromatography, tenacity, transparency, magnetism, hardness, specific gravity (density), and fluorescence, chemical assay and markers. Thus, my present study is plan to evaluate and compile different data in term of modern parameters and results as well as Grahya lakschans (acceptable characters) for identifying mineral drugs in Rasa shastra.

The Efficacy of Amruta Guggulu (Internal) and Madhuyashtyadi Taila (External) in the Management of Vatarakta w.s.r. to Gouty Arthritis

Ayurveda is the only medical science which has focused more on prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. The system advocates for a balance between lifestyle, diet, upright attitude. In the modern context of life, people and their dietary habits, lifestyle, social structure and environment have undergone a remarkable change leading to many avoidable diseases. Vatarakta is one among those diseases. The name Vatarakta indicates the unique pathology of morbid Vata dosha and Rakta dhatu. Based on aetiolgy, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms Vatarakta can be compared with Gouty Arthritis of contemporary medicine. It is a painful metabolic disorder caused due to hyperuricemia, which in turn is caused by genetic factors, dietary factors which are rich in purine, alcohol consumption, drugs, smoking and lack of physical activity. In moderns medicine Gouty Arthritis is treated by NSAIDS, steroids, uricosuric agents, allopurinol, febuxostat etc. But in due course all these drugs can lead to adverse effects when used for long duration. This causes additional trouble to the patients. Keeping this in view, there is a need for simple, safe and effective treatment. Hence this study has been initiated to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Amruta guggulu (internal) and Madhuyashtyadi taila (external) in the management of Vatarakta w.s.r to Gouty Arthritis.