Contextual Frame Research Articles

The influence of the contextual framing on physio- and occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning in sensory rooms with patients admitted to psychiatry – a qualitative case study

Aim To investigate the influence of contextual framing on physio- and occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning in sensory rooms for patients admitted to psychiatric units. Material and method Physiotherapists and occupational therapists from acute and intensive care units with sensory rooms were invited to participate in the study. The therapists were interviewed following sessions with patients in sensory rooms, using a semi-structured interview guide. These therapists also participated in a focus group interview. All interviews were transcribed and analysed based on the thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke. Results Twenty individual interviews and one focus group interview were conducted with seven physio- and occupational therapists. Three themes with accompanying subthemes emerged: (i) The contextual influence: Therapists’ perceptions of the use of sensory rooms, The dominance of the medical paradigm). (ii) The therapeutic alliance: The therapists’ relational skills, The importance of a good therapeutic patient relation, and Physio- and occupational therapy in a psychiatric setting.: (iii) The therapeutic diagnosis, Therapeutic sensory room interventions, and Holistic approach in a limited timeframe. Conclusion The clinical reasoning of physio- and occupational therapists in sensory-modulating sessions for patients admitted to psychiatric units is influenced by a primarily medically dominated paradigm; legally, economically, and politically. Occupational therapists mainly focus on everyday skills and being in the present, whereas physiotherapists focused on activities with bodily anchoring and awareness.

Unequal Framing in Times of Hardship? How Newspapers from Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom and Switzerland Portray Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees – Evidence from a Deductive and Inductive Automated Content Analysis

ABSTRACT The mostly welcoming attitudes toward refugees from Ukraine stand in stark contrast to restrictive policies and often negative attitudes toward refugees from Syria in Europe. By emphasizing certain aspects of reality whilst leaving out others, media framing plays an important role in the public image of both refugee groups. To better understand how the different refugee groups were framed in European media, we applied Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and a thorough manual analysis and validation process to identify frames from the topic modeling results. We identified eleven generic and issue-specific emphasis frames in a sample of 84,623 newspaper articles from Germany, Spain, the UK, and Switzerland from 2014–2022. The frames were grouped into four overarching frame categories: Fate, Threat, Value and Context Frames. Syrian refugees were mostly portrayed negatively through Threat Frames and Context Frames, whereas more positive humanitarian and victimization perspectives were pronounced in Fate Framing of Ukrainian refugees. The findings indicate more negative and delegitimizing framing patterns in news coverage about Syrian compared to Ukrainian refugees.

Strategic behavior of large language models and the role of game structure versus contextual framing

This paper investigates the strategic behavior of large language models (LLMs) across various game-theoretic settings, scrutinizing the interplay between game structure and contextual framing in decision-making. We focus our analysis on three advanced LLMs—GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and LLaMa-2—and how they navigate both the intrinsic aspects of different games and the nuances of their surrounding contexts. Our results highlight discernible patterns in each model’s strategic approach. GPT-3.5 shows significant sensitivity to context but lags in its capacity for abstract strategic decision making. Conversely, both GPT-4 and LLaMa-2 demonstrate a more balanced sensitivity to game structures and contexts, albeit with crucial differences. Specifically, GPT-4 prioritizes the internal mechanics of the game over its contextual backdrop but does so with only a coarse differentiation among game types. In contrast, LLaMa-2 reflects a more granular understanding of individual game structures, while also giving due weight to contextual elements. This suggests that LLaMa-2 is better equipped to navigate the subtleties of different strategic scenarios while also incorporating context into its decision-making, whereas GPT-4 adopts a more generalized, structure-centric strategy.

Wealth/Poverty Opposition in English and Kazakh: A Comparative Study

This research employs linguistic concept modeling to scrutinize the semantic variations between notions of wealth and poverty in English and Kazakh, aiming to discern their contrasting characteristics. The corpora in English and Kazakh encompassing varied genres, styles, and thematic content were examined through word frequency and co-occurrence to elucidate divergent contextual frames for the terms in both languages, unveiling cultural nuances and cognitive associations. The results indicate that in English, wealth is majorly associated with financial prosperity, real estate ownership, and the availability of resources for a comfortable lifestyle. Conversely, in Kazakh-language writings, the concept of wealth extends to encompass elements like family connections and devotion to the homeland, reflecting cultural priorities and lifestyles. A comparable distinction is evident when examining the contextual usage of the term poverty. The findings underscore the significance of exploring linguistic concepts within distinct cultural and cognitive frameworks, opening avenues for further comparative linguistic research.

Role conflicts and management strategies in social workers working for refugees

The article presents a qualitative study of the relational dimension of the social work practice with asylum seekers and refugees. The aim of the research is to explore how a group of social workers working with asylum seekers and refugees represent their relationship with users and how they construct this relational work. In Italy, the social workers' practice is performed by workers with different educational backgrounds, as it is not a juridically recognised job with its theoretical and operative background. In this study, 20 social workers working with asylum seekers and refugees employed in the asylum accommodation centres of the Extraordinary Reception Centres system and the Protection System for Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Northern Italy participated in semi-structured interviews. From the results of the thematic analysis of the interviews, which applied a bottom-up coding strategy, it emerged that social workers describe their relationship with users as a means of intervention (goal-oriented relationship) but also as a source of information (needs-centred relationship), a negotiation process and a source of emotional strain (emotionally demanding relationship). Furthermore, the construction of relational work requires social workers to take into account normative obligations and organisational lines (contextual frame) to refer to their role but also, at the same time, to their biographical background and personal resources to develop strategies. Therefore, social workers working with asylum seekers and refugees need to find a mediation between a personal approach to the relationship and a professional one (person-role balance).

The (in)justice of EMI: a critical discourse analysis of two key stakeholders’ views on the Polytechnic University of Milan court case

Abstract While English-medium Instruction (EMI) continues to be appealing for various stakeholders, it also raises some epistemological and ethical concerns, which have in the past found expression in polarized debates. A well-known example is the 2012 Milan court case, in which the academic staff sued the Polytechnic University of Milan over its attempt to promote an EMI-only policy. Now almost ten years after the case, the motivations of the key proponents and opponents of the policy are yet to be explored in depth. In order to explain how different interpretations of EMI could result in such unreconcilable positions, in this paper we adopt a new analytical angle, focusing on two elite participants: the rector who promoted the policy and the lawyer (also a faculty member) who represented the lecturers in court. Via a critical discourse analysis of interviews to these participants, we aim to unveil how different stakeholders from the same context frame EMI in relation to ideas of justice/injustice. Results indicate that, despite comparable personal commitment to education and similar understandings of language/power interactions, the participants evaluate English against different frames of reference (i.e. a horizon of globalized education, versus the traditional national understanding of the goals of education). This leads to diametrically opposite evaluations of the growing presence of English in higher education.

Future in-orbit servicing operations in the space traffic management context

This paper provides a concise yet informative overview on future operations in near-Earth space including in-orbit servicing, assembly, manufacturing, and the use of space tugs, in the frame of the space traffic management context. After providing a general definition of these activities, the significant impact that they will have in the space domain from an economic perspective is highlighted. Past achievements in terms of orbital demonstrations are then recalled, leading to the identification of the most critical technological challenges which need to be addressed to improve reliability, frequency, and robustness of servicing operations. A summary of the most critical next steps and recommendations is finally provided.

Sexual orientation as a contextual frame for attractiveness judgments.

Despite strong consensus about the basic features that make someone look objectively attractive, contextual variation may modulate subjective assessments. Here, we investigate how social group membership provides such a context, comparing attractiveness judgments between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) versus straight perceivers, and examining how these attractiveness judgments relate to beliefs about the target person's sexual orientation. We indeed find that perceivers rate targets as more attractive when they believe the target's sexual majority/minority status matches their own (Study 1). This association differs according to context, however: Although straight and LGB perceivers evaluate the components of facial attractiveness similarly (Study 2), straight men use attractiveness as a cue to sexual orientation (i.e., deeming unattractive women lesbians; Study 3) whereas LGB perceivers use sexual orientation as a cue to attractiveness (e.g., gay men rate men they believe are gay as more attractive than men they believe are straight; Studies 4 and 5). Thus, LGB identity seems to create a context in which sexual minority perceivers learn to attend to information about sexual diversity that straight perceivers may ignore. These findings highlight how group membership provides a lens for social perception, specifically pointing to how the contextual mindset of partner selection may transmute otherwise objective judgments, such as facial attractiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Supplemental Material for Sexual Orientation as a Contextual Frame for Attractiveness Judgments

Supplemental Material for Sexual Orientation as a Contextual Frame for Attractiveness Judgments

Impact of Acute Alcohol Consumption on Sexuality: A Look at Psychological Mechanisms.

Alcohol's link with sexuality is long-standing and prominent. While research continues to document robust associations between drinking and sexual behavior, scientific attention now centers primarily on evaluating mechanisms and attendant theoretical frameworks to advance our understanding of how alcohol exerts a causal impact. We describe four domains with reliable evidence of alcohol effects: sexualized social perceptions, sexual arousal, sexual risk taking, and sexual assault. We consider three contextual frames: distal factors associated with encountering opportunities for alcohol-involved sex, proximal factors associated with alcohol's acute effects, and distal-proximal interactions. We then examine the empirical support for mechanisms embedded within four theoretical frameworks: alcohol disinhibition, alcohol expectancy, alcohol myopia, and emotion regulation. Support for disinhibition mechanisms is evident with sexual arousal only. Expectancy and myopia mechanisms enjoy support across domains and make up bases for integrative expectancy-myopia causal explanations. Emotion regulation mechanisms evidence preliminary support in risk taking and sexual assault. Implications and future directions are considered.

Act(ion)s of solidarity: possibilities of hope and change through art

ABSTRACT Ukrainian artist Maria Kulikovska was invited as a keynote speaker for the Borderlines IX: Seeking Solidarity and Wonder Through Performance conference, which took place at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, on 30 June and 1 July 2022. What follows is the text of Kulikovska’s keynote presentation, with introduction and contextual framing of Kulikovska’s work by conference organiser and chair, Alissa Clarke. During this artist keynote, Kulikovska explores her deep commitment to solidarity by reflecting on her complex geographical roots, family relations, experiences in Ukraine and as a twice-displaced artist, and examples of her multidisciplinary artworks, including: sculptures (Homo Bulla (2012); Soap Figure with Flowers (2019; a collaboration with Vinnichenko), solo activist performance/performance actions (Action (2014)/Act of Solidarity (2022); Body and Borders (2014–2017); War and Pea€e (2016); Raft CrimeA (2016); and feminist platforms (Flowers of Democracy [2015]). Through these reflections, Kulikovska traces: a longing for solidarity as a meaningful, sincere state of connectedness with others; striking acts of agentive and loving solidarity by family members; politically motivated false impressions of solidarity; acts of solidarity against russian violence and territorialism and patriarchal oppression; hopeful actions and offerings supporting queer solidarity and displaced peoples.

Single-Frame Supervision for Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding.

Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding (STVG) aims at localizing the spatio-temporal tube of a specific object in an untrimmed video given a free-form natural language query. As the annotation of tubes is labor intensive, researchers are motivated to explore weakly supervised approaches in recent works, which usually results in significant performance degradation. To achieve a less expensive STVG method with acceptable accuracy, this work investigates the "single-frame supervision" paradigm that requires a single frame labeled with a bounding box within the temporal boundary of the fully supervised counterpart as the supervisory signal. Based on the characteristics of the STVG problem, we propose a Two-Stage Multiple Instance Learning (T-SMILE) method, which creates pseudo labels by expanding the annotated frame to its contextual frames, thereby establishing a fully-supervised problem to facilitate further model training. The innovations of the proposed method are three-folded, including 1) utilizing multiple instance learning to dynamically select instances in positive bags for the recognition of starting and ending timestamps, 2) learning highly discriminative query features by incorporating spatial prior constraints in cross-attention, and 3) designing a curriculum learning-based strategy that iterative assigns dynamic weights to spatial and temporal branches, thereby gradually adapting to the learning branch with larger difficulty. To facilitate future research on this task, we also contribute a large-scale benchmark containing 12,469 videos on complex scenes with single-frame annotation. The extensive experiments on two benchmarks demonstrate that T-SMILE significantly outperforms all weakly-supervised methods. Remarkably, it also performs better than some fully-supervised methods associated with much more annotation labor costs. The dataset and codes are available at https://github.com/qumengxue/T-SMILE.

Interação de Mercados: Agenciamento de Interdefinição de Mercado de Alimentos

ABSTRACT Objective: in order to collaborate with the ongoing research program on how markets intersect and overlap, this theoretical essay introduces the notion of market interdefinition agencing. Theoretical framework: the theoretical framework draws on previous constructivist market studies on the process of framing, overflowing, translation, and agencing in a market interaction context. Methods: to illustrate the market interdefinition agencing, this article uses a theoretical essay on slow and fast food markets. Results: this essay depicts how slow food can be seen as an overflow in opposition to fast food framing, agencing opposite sociotechnical elements for the construction of this new frame, and how slow food also contributes to a new fast food frame. Conclusion: first, this essay shows that both food markets entangle and disentangle sociotechnical elements that move away from or closer to each other, translating and agencing their sociotechnical arrangements. Second, market interdefinition agencing is delineated as a process of market interrelation that happens through the capacity of actors to shape markets, where a previous market is used as a reference to influence another market frame.

PISCI KAO SARADNICI DETINjSTVA U POLA STOLEĆA DUGOM PROMIŠLjANjU O KNjIŽEVNOSTI ZA DECU: KONTEKSTI I VRSTE PRILOGA

In the past half a century, dozens of female and male writers have published their papers in the journal Childhood, among them were texts belonging to the field of critical and theoretical reading of literature for children. Suggesting several open fields for further research of everything the phrase “writers as critics” entails, this paper gives and overview of contextual frames and types of contributions from this group of associates. Regardless whether they were intentionally written for this journal, whether they were included in the themes and thematic blocks, permanent or temporary sections, whether they are experiments, studies, essays, demonstrations, comments, reflections, interviews, translations – all texts from the abovementioned corpus are regarded as equally valuable, and even crucial in the creation of the structural diversity and dynamic of Childhood.

Contextual Frames of Reference in the Translation of George Orwell’s Animal Farm to Kiswahili

This paper seeks to establish the cognitive contextual frames of references (CFRs) in the translation of George Orwell’s Animal Farm from English to Kiswahili. The source text “Animal Farm” and the target text "Shamba la Wanyama" were used to gather the study's data. The paper offers insights on how CFRs can be employed in literary translation to domesticate the target text so that it is relevant to the target language audience. Specific word and phrase meanings were deduced from sentences of both the source text and the target text. The analyzed data revealed that the translator used organizational category shifts, textual category shifts, communicational category shifts, and socio-cultural category shifts. The most common CFRs in the Kiswahili translation of Animal Farm were found to be communicational category shifts. The target text is made relevant to the audience through such manipulations.

Editorial

This special issue explores the multifaceted dimensions of men’s fashion, examining its intricacies through the lens of atmospheres. Atmospheres serve a dual role, functioning as a contextual frame that shapes men’s fashion and analytical frameworks that unify diverse influences on masculine dress. Articles within the issue explore the atmospheres of men’s fashion across various settings, including en plein air painting, online avatars, music videos, performative personas in popular music, raves and military uniforms. Employing historical, visual, textual, ethnographic and practice-led approaches, these investigations shed light on the interplay of spatial, bodily and affective dimensions of fashion. Atmospheres become a bridge, addressing the gap between these dimensions and providing a generative notion to understand interdependent interactions within masculine fashion contexts. Consequently, the issue underscores the significance of men’s fashion as a carrier of social life within broader socio-cultural, technological and political assemblages. By scrutinizing specific instantiations of men’s fashion, the special issue forges connections between typically distinct elements in the field, emphasizing the interdependence of individuals, equipment, technologies, practices and environments.

Who Cares for Families? Narrative(s) of Return in Postsocialist Europe

This introduction to the thematic cluster “Who Cares for Families? Narrative(s) of Return in Postsocialist Europe” identifies and analyzes its core concept—the narrative of return. Families of today are talked about differently, and how they are narrativized matters. The narrative that stresses that family is under threat and in need of defense or a special form of care, figuring care as restitution of the natural, traditional, or proper family, is termed the narrative of return. The trope of return is strongly normative and non-descriptive, as it relies on mythical temporalities that ought to be restored in our present. The article first defines the choice of concepts—narrative, return, care, and threat. Second, it applies this conceptual frame in the transnational context, particularly within the transnational anti-gender campaigns in the populist moment. Third, it focuses on the postsocialist part of Europe, where, as the entire thematic cluster aims to demonstrate, the narrative of return has gained particular currency. In eastern Europe, these narratives are integral to larger projects of restoration of national agendas and serve as a tool of double emancipation: from the Soviet past and from the present European Union. Political actors using narratives of return advocate and successfully push through fundamental changes in the political frameworks and value systems of the postsocialist countries. In sum, the introduction aims to demonstrate the conceptual background of a political tool.

Linda Lê: In memoriam

Abstract: The introduction provides a contextual frame for this issue, underlining the moment in 1992 when Linda Lê claimed to have found her voice, captured in the provocative cover of Les évangiles du crime . A brief biography leads to the summaries of the eleven articles, from renowned Lê scholars as well as new voices. Their contributions resonate with previous work (such as exile and intertextuality), while tracing new lines of study (such as translation, animality, beyond nation). An afterward and acknowledgements follow, including an expression of gratitude for the rich legacy that Linda Lê has left us.

Teacher educator learning to implement equitable mathematics teaching using technology through lesson study

PurposeThis paper examines how mathematics teacher educators (MTEs) learn to enact equitable mathematics instruction using technology through lesson study (LS).Design/methodology/approachA LS team with three MTEs conducted three iterations of LS on teaching the Pythagorean Theorem in an in-person, technology-mediated environment. Many forms of data were collected: Desmos activities, videos of research lessons (RLs), videos of MTE RL debriefings, artifacts of student learning in the Desmos Dashboard, and MTEs' written self-reflection. The authors investigate the teacher educators' learning through LS by analyzing the MTE debriefings of the RLs using Bannister’s (2015) framework for teacher learning in communities of practice.FindingsThe MTEs learned to enact equitable mathematics instruction using technology through addressing emerging issues related to intellectual authority and use of student thinking. Throughout the LS, the MTEs sought ways of promoting students' mathematical authority and using student thinking through features of the Desmos platform.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on MTEs' learning without examining participating preservice teachers' learning. It demonstrates the benefits of LS for MTEs' professional learning.Practical implicationsThis study showcases how a research-based Desmos activity is used and refined to promote MTE learning how to implement equitable mathematics instruction.Originality/valueThe study contributes to better understanding of how LS could be used to develop MTEs' professional learning. Moreover, the dual process of participation and reification was concretized through diagnostic and prognostic frames in the LS context, which enriches the concept of community of practice.

Neural Model-Applying Network (Neuman): A New Basis for Computational Cognition

NeuMAN represents a new model for computational cognition synthesizing important results across AI, psychology, and neuroscience. NeuMAN is based on three important ideas: (1) neural mechanisms perform all requirements for intelligence without symbolic reasoning on finite sets, thus avoiding exponential matching algorithms; (2) the network reinforces hierarchical abstraction and composition for sensing and acting; and (3) the network uses learned sequences within contextual frames to make predictions, minimize reactions to expected events, and increase responsiveness to high-value information. These systems exhibit both automatic and deliberate processes. NeuMAN accords with a wide variety of findings in neural and cognitive science and will supersede symbolic reasoning as a foundation for AI and as a model of human intelligence. It will likely become the principal mechanism for engineering intelligent systems.