Psychological Content Research Articles

An Insufficiently Substantiated Claim Based on a Confirmation Strategy: Comment on Bartels’ “Indoctrination in Introduction to Psychology”

In his target article on “Indoctrination in Introduction to Psychology,” Bartels proposes that in introductory textbooks of psychology studies and their results are systematically presented in such a way that they tend to correspond to left-liberal political positions and that the state of psychological knowledge is reflected in a correspondingly distorted way. In our commentary, we clarify that the evidence Bartels presents for this claim is insufficient. At first, he takes a purely hypothesis-confirming approach based on selective sampling. Second, he draws an invalid causal inference from a supposed liberal majority in the psychological community to their representation of psychological content in textbooks. And third, he assigns introductory textbooks a function that we believe they do not have. Nonetheless, we welcome the discussion of how best to teach critical reflective thinking in psychology courses.

Digital self-help for people experiencing intimate partner violence: a qualitative study on user experiences and needs including people with lived experiences and services providers

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent public health issue associated with multiple physical and mental health consequences for survivors. Digital interventions can provide low-threshold support to those experiencing IPV, but existing digital interventions have limited efficacy in improving the safety and mental health of IPV survivors. Digitally adapting an integrative intervention with advocacy-based and psychological content holds promise for increasing the efficacy of digital interventions in the context of IPV.MethodsThis study examines the needs, acceptability and usability of an integrative digital intervention for people affected by IPV. We used the think-aloud method and semi-structured interviews with a sample of six people with lived experiences of IPV and six service providers. We analyzed the data using thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified the increasing general acceptance of digital support tools and the limited capacity of the current support system as societal context factors influencing the acceptance of and needs regarding digital interventions in the context of IPV. An integrative digital self-help intervention offers several opportunities to complement the current support system and to meet the needs of people affected by IPV, including the reduction of social isolation, a space for self-reflection and coping strategies to alleviate the situation. However, potentially ongoing violence, varying stages of awareness and psychological capacities, and as well as the diversity of IPV survivors make it challenging to develop a digital intervention suitable for the target group. We received feedback on the content of the intervention and identified design features required for intervention usability.ConclusionAn integrative digital self-help approach, with appropriate security measures and trauma-informed design, has the potential to provide well-accepted, comprehensive and continuous psychosocial support to people experiencing IPV. A multi-modular intervention that covers different topics and can be personalized to individual user needs could address the diversity of the target population. Providing guidance for the digital intervention is critical to spontaneously address individual needs. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of an integrative digital self-help intervention and to explore its feasibility it in different settings and populations.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment for the evaluation of the health statuses of elderly patients

Background: For elderly patients with many chronic and degenerative diseases (multiple comorbidities) and geriatric syndromes, chronic and complex problems should be comprehensively evaluated. The comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is an evaluation of elderly patients in which clinical, medical, and functional evaluations are performed together.Current Concepts: Components of CGA include physical, psychological, and socioenvironmental content. In the physical aspect, the presence of various diseases, determination of the severity of each disease, multi-drug intake (polypharmacy), and vaccination records are evaluated. Geriatric syndromes should also be included in the evaluation. The functional evaluation comprises visual acuity, hearing, upper and lower extremity function, gait ability, balance, fall, urinary incontinence, weight change, oral health, nutritional status, and pain. In the psychological aspect, depression and cognitive function status are evaluated. The residential environment, degree of familial and social support, economic status, and advanced medical directives are evaluated in the socioenvironmental aspect.Discussion and Conclusion: Elderly patients with functional disabilities should be screened via the CGA for various problems and geriatric syndromes that the elderly are prone to developing. Problems found require further evaluation, treatment, and management. In this way, the health and quality of life of the elderly can be maintained and improved.

Optimization of innovative information-based teaching paths in college sports psychology based on principal component analysis

Abstract Physical education needs to focus on improving students’ physical fitness and quality and psychological training for students. Therefore, this paper proposes a strategy to combine sports psychology with realistic teaching to optimize innovative teaching paths in line with students’ development to develop students’ comprehensive quality level in college sports psychology teaching. The indicators in the teaching evaluation are classified and summarized to complete a multi-indicator evaluation to improve the quality of teaching. The theory of sports psychology is adjusted and improved, and the teaching guideline is changed to apply PCA (principal component analysis algorithm) of multivariate statistical analysis to teaching evaluation. The raw data of students’ evaluation were processed by calculation and analysis to determine the main factors affecting teaching quality and analyzed with experiments. The results show that 78.1% of college students think that physical exercise can enhance self-confidence and 77.4% think physical exercise can promote healthy growth. It can be seen that combining the content of sports psychology with practical training effectively improves students’ sports psychological quality.

Coloristic of the film by Bernardo Bertolucci «The Last Emperor»

The subject of the study is Bernardo Bertolucci's film "The Last Emperor", in particular, the coloristic of the film and the psychology of the image of the main character, which is largely revealed through the color palette and individual artistic details. The object of research is the language of cinematography, cinematographic artistic techniques. Despite the sometimes shocking images and plots, Bertolucci's films were highly appreciated by the international community and domestic film critics due to their artistic solution and topical issues affecting the problems of class struggle and anti-fascist themes. The author of the article examines the image of the main character of the film, Aisingero Pu Yi, the last emperor of China and Manchukuo. The film is based on real historical events taking place in the first half of the 20th century, so the dramatic collisions of the character are not perceived by the viewer as some kind of abstract problem. Against the backdrop of the complex historical changes that China has faced, many questions of the formation and self-determination of the individual are being raised. The image of Emperor Pu Yi is revealed gradually through a comparison of two storylines and the color scheme of the film, since it is the color palette that helps to subtly and meaningfully convey the psychological content of the character. The main research methods are analytical and comparative-historical. The composition of the film and the dynamics of the change in the color palette of individual episodes are analyzed, which makes it possible to trace the evolution of the image. The author comes to the conclusion that it was the coloristic solution of the film that allowed the creators to convey the national color and historical atmosphere of China of a certain historical period and show a vivid image of the protagonist on the screen.

Самоефективнiсть особистостi: психологiчний дискурс

The article is devoted to the problem of self-efficacy, which is particularly acute in our country today. The importance of its research in both theoretical and practical-pragmatic aspects is indicated. An attempt was made to analyze traditional approaches to the problem in both domestic and foreign psychology. A theoretical overview of some traditional and modern concepts of self-efficacy is presented, and various definitive positions regarding the psychological content of the concept are considered. It was found that self-efficacy is a repeatedly verified experience of productive self-realization; a unique and generalized quality in which various mental elements are integrated, including motivation, cognitive components, a sense of confidence, attitude to success, etc. Self-efficacy is considered as a process and a result of self-creation of a person, an indicator of a person’s psychological maturity and competence. The connection of selfefficacy with the concept of “I”, values, meanings, abilities and strategies of proactive behavior is emphasized. The role of self-efficacy in the structure of stress resistance is emphasized. Prospects for further scientific research are outlined. It is noted about the need to create a coherent theoretical model of the study of the phenomenon in the personal paradigm.

Psychosocial Interventions by Nurses for Patients with HIV/ AIDS: A Systematic Review.

Providing psychological support is one of the traditional roles of nurses for patients with HIV/AIDS. Searching the literature showed that various psychological interventions have been performed by nurses to support HIV/AIDS patients; however, no summary of these interventions is available. We aimed to systematically review the interventional studies which investigated the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions delivered by nurses to HIV/AIDS patients. This systematic review was performed based on Cochrane's handbook of systematic reviews of interventional studies. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were used in this study. The databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus and World Health Organization were searched from January 2009 to December 2022. Based on inclusion criteria, nine studies included in this systematic review. Cochrane data extraction form was used for the systematic review and the article's information was summarized using the modified Jadad scale. The interventions provided by the nurses included: virtual and face-to-face educational programs, written information resources, palliative care, motivational interview, case management, home visit, and care services, along with face-to-face and telephone follow-up. These interventions have a significant positive effect on the quality of life and management of high-risk behaviors, disease management, symptoms and complications, adherence to treatment, immune function, and mental health in patients with HIV/AIDS. The results of the present study show that despite the fact that the interventions have a purely psychological content and can be done with various methods, they are able to have positive consequences in physical, psychological, behavioral, and laboratory health in HIV/AIDS patients.

The mind's “aye”? Investigating overlap in findings produced by reverse correlation versus self-report

Reverse correlation is an influential method for assessing mental representations. One benefit of reverse correlation is that the method may capture psychological content that individuals are unwilling to self-report due to social desirability concerns, particularly in domains like person perception or intergroup processes. To investigate the degree to which reverse correlation and self-report findings are aligned, 32 prior reverse correlation studies (totaling 148 analyses) were converted into comparable measures of self-report (total N = 3441). Despite only 13% of original studies containing a parallel self-report measure, 55% of research conclusions could be replicated using self-report, though effect sizes from the two methods were unrelated (r = −0.06). The two methods were more likely to reach the same conclusion for findings that were rated as more intuitive. Future uses of reverse correlation will benefit from greater consideration to when the method is most necessary and informative.

Parental attitudes to the problem of home-based education of children with disabilities

The purpose of the study: to identify and study parental attitudes to the problem of home-based education of children with disabilities. Research methods: questionnaire "Assessment of coping strategies in various fields" (E. Heim); "Questionnaire for parents whose children are home-schooled". The developed questionnaire includes 13 questions. The questions are aimed at identifying the difficulties and needs of parents in organizing home-based education. The main method of the study was the content analysis of the respondents' free statements, which presupposes the completion of a number of sentences. Meaningful interpretation of the highlighted answers allows you to identify hidden semantic experiences, difficulties, as well as to outline optimal ways to solve problems. The study involved 60 parents with children with disabilities (school age) who are on home-based education. According to the results of the content analysis of the parents' statements, 85 completed semantic units were identified, which, according to the psychological content, were combined into semantic categories reflecting the difficulties of parents in the home-based form of teaching a child with disabilities: "learning and upbringing difficulties", "psychological and pedagogical difficulties", "medical difficulties". The results of the study showed that parents whose children are home-schooled can be differentiated depending on the duration of the child's education at home.

Training techniques as a way of overcoming of ptsd stagmatization in teachers consciousness

In the context of a military conflict, it is necessary to provide psychological assistance to children whose parents are participants in the ATO and have signs of PTSD. A description of the social stereotypes about the images of soldiers and PTSD is presented in the article. Stigmatization of PTSD determines the need for additional psychoeducational work with the teachers. A description of the training for teachers working with children with PTSD features, as well as with children living with parents, overcoming the trauma, is presented. The training techniques are described in accordance with the main stages of overcoming the PTSD. Implementation of the training had such results: awareness on PTSDhave raised, representations of teachers about the psychological content of PTSD became deeper, the emotional background of perceiving this mental disorder have changed, a better emotional inclusion have been formed.

Combining a Direct and Indirect Training Approach for Cross-Domain Competences: The Case of the Course “Pedagogy for Psychotherapists”

In psychology programs, students should acquire both domain-specific knowledge and cross-domain competences important for later practice (e.g., multiple document literacy). Typically, such competences are trained directly in courses explicitly devoted to them or indirectly in courses on psychological topics that require them without systematically teaching and training them (e.g., when reading multiple texts about a topic). To exploit the advantages of both direct and indirect training approaches, we combined them in a new psychology course in which students were taught domain-specific knowledge on pedagogy and psychotherapy, and they were trained in the competence facets of (a) epistemic beliefs, (b) multiple document literacy, and (c) argumentative thinking. The direct training took a tried-and-tested example-based learning approach. A central element of the indirect training consisted of course assessments requiring the application of these three competences to the contents about pedagogy and psychotherapy. The combined training approach led to significant increases in declarative knowledge, advanced epistemic beliefs, and greater self-efficacy in implementing strategies relating to multiple document literacy and argumentative thinking. This approach can be adapted to accommodate different psychological content areas or different cross-domain competences.

The Specificity of Personality Conflict in Adolescent Age

The article examines the theoretical foundations, psychological content and personal determinants of conflict and its overcoming. The authors have determined the specific meaningful characteristics of proneness to conflict in youth, the essential features of personal determinants of its occurrence and overcoming. They have substantiated the personally-determined approach to overcoming conflict and described the structure and content of psycho-techniques for the activation of personal determinants of overcoming conflicts and proneness to conflict among modern students.

Cultivating Young Children’s Positive Emotions: Based on Anji Play

Positive emotions are one of the main research contents of positive psychology. Cultivating children's positive emotions has a positive effect on children's physical health and psychological development. Anji Play is the abbreviation of the game education model for kindergartens in Anji County, Zhejiang Province. This paper focused on the cultivation of positive emotions in Anji Play and found that giving children the initiative to play, returning play to nature, and providing opportunities for children to reflect on shared experiences after play can cultivate positive emotional experiences. It is hoped that through the research of this paper, kindergarten teachers can learn the spirit of Anji Play and promote the development of preschool education from the perspective of emotional cultivation.

Racisms of commission and omission in educational psychology: A historical analysis and systematic review

Educational psychology as a field and area of inquiry has gone underexamined in terms of its role in and contributions to racism and antiblackness. We position educational psychology as a racialized organization relative to the institution of education, a widely recognized site of institutionalized racism. We, therefore, explore the role the history, content, norms, and practices of educational psychology have played in creating and sustaining racial inequity in U.S. education. We draw attention to the racism of commission in the field’s origins by tracing the founding scholars’ white supremacist commitments and motives. Using a systematic review, we then describe the contemporary complicity of the field in sustaining racism through the omission of Black lives, perspectives, and scholarship in teaching, research, and publishing. In doing so, we demonstrate that educational psychology, by and large, fails to engage with its racist history and roots and its modern entanglements. The field also has not taken up questions of racism in educational psychology research in engaged and central ways. We conclude with a call for educational psychologists to turn toward critical frameworks, to center equity and justice in their work, and to honestly and intentionally grapple with our collective racist history.

Психологические аспекты восприятия негативных новостей в сети Интернет

News is an integral part of the life of a modern human. Viewing news sources and social media became the leading way people spend their free time in many countries. Some researchers state that audiences deliberately choose to read negative news. The information influence is psychological in nature. The development of digital technologies creates both opportunities and threats. The purpose of the study is to determine the structural components of the perception of negative news on the Internet and record their psychological content. The authors used a qualitative research method. Using a semi-structured interview, a maximally variable sample of respondents was surveyed. To process the interview data, thematic analysis was used. The study involved 13 people aged 20–45 years. This age category most actively consumes news content from the Internet. Data validity was achieved by meeting the criteria of structural justifiability, consistency of interpretive procedures, and referent adequacy. The study identified a multi-level model consisting of cognitive, emotional and psychophysiological aspects of the perception of negative news. The following negative impact of negative news on the mental sphere of life was established: intense negative emotional sufferings, depressed mood, disturbance of sleep, asthenia. When experiencing long-term negative emotional and psychophysiological symptoms, the respondents use the strategy of avoiding and rejecting negative news.

Музыкальное движение как средство постижения внутренней формы музыкального произведения

Background. The issue of the methods in aesthetic education, including music, is of particular importance in connection with the task of personal development and formation of the moral sphere. The question of organizing the work that the listener does when perceiving a piece of music arises. Practical solution to this problem requires considering and identifying the content and structure of musical perception. Objectives. The article aims (1) to research the mechanisms and orientation of musical perception; (2) to analyze approaches to the problem of musical content in musicology and music psychology; (3) to reveal the possibilities of rhythmoplasty in the formation of musical perception as the ability to understand and experience and to respond to sounding music. Methods. The work is a theoretical and analytical study summarizing the experience of practice, musical movement, and other methods of rhythmoplasty. The methods of logical and meaningful analysis of theoretical approaches to the description of musical perception are used. The study of musical-motor forms created in practice is carried out from the point of view of reflecting the formal structures of music, as well as from the point of view of revealing the musical content. Sample. Musical-motor forms and compositions created in the practice of musical movement, as well as written reviews of participants of classes and members of the “Heptahor” studio are used as a material for analysis. Results. The conducted research allows us to confirm the assumption that the expressive movements carried out in response to sounding music reflect rather the internal, meaningful and semantic side of the music than its external, formal-structural aspects. Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to define the process of musical perception as a complex activity of “listening” to the inner semantic side of a musical work, which is not reducible to purely analytical work. It is also shown that using the means of rhythmoplasty makes it possible to reflect the inner semantic side of a musical work and translate a musical image into spatio-temporal forms.

СПРОБА ІСТОРИКО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЇ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ЕТНОНАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО САМОУСВІДОМЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ В ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ XIX – НА ПОЧАТКУ XX СТ.

Based on the method of historical and psychological reconstruction, an attempt was made to reveal the social and psychological features of Ukrainian youth's ethno-national self-awareness in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. According to the reviewed artistic and journalistic literature of that period, 195 fragments were selected which had reflected various aspects of the ethno-national consciousness of the Ukrainians at that time. The psychological and historical content of these fragments was assessed by experts – 35 psychology scientists and 116 history teachers. As a result of successive reduction of the number of fragments to 15 and factor analysis, five aspects were determined that reflected the researched process: enlightenment, activity, traditions, unity and involvement. The obtained indicators were projected on the current state of Ukrainian youth's ethno-national self-consciousness. The online survey covered 2,202 students from 35 universities in different regions of Ukraine. Students evaluated the fragments from the point of view of their reflection of Ukrainian youth's ethno-national self-awareness in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the importance of their content for the respondents themselves and for modern Ukrainian youth in general. The applied procedure provided grounds for determining the following social and psychological features of Ukrainian youth's ethno-national self-awareness in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries: understanding the importance of enlightenment, joint organizational activity, psychosocial empowerment with traditions, unity with the people around, involvement in the space of collective existence.

Construction of a Psychological Counseling System for Ideological and Political Education in Universities

Against the backdrop of the cultural explosion, high-quality development in the new era requires significant challenges and opportunities for ideological and political education in universities, and also brings opportunities for innovation in ideological and political education in universities. Establishing a sound psychological counseling system in universities is an innovation in ideological and political education methods with Chinese characteristics. However, the current psychological counseling system in the process of ideological and political education in universities faces problems such as insufficient understanding of psychological counseling by educational subjects, rejection of psychological counseling by educational objects, incomplete content of educational psychological counseling, and inadequate mechanisms for educational psychological counseling. In response to the above issues, with the principles of unity of commonality and individuality, unity of prevention and supervision, unity of understanding and respect, and unity of self-help and assistance as the focus, it is proposed to improve the responsibility mechanism of psychological counseling subjects, strengthen the propaganda mechanism of psychological counseling theory, optimize the innovative mechanism of psychological counseling content, and establish a long-term mechanism of psychological counseling to create a good training environment for the integration of psychological counseling in ideological and political education, Improve the effectiveness of psychological counseling in ideological and political education, and propose specific operational strategies to achieve the higher goals of ideological and political education in universities in the new era.

A National Survey of Islamic Psychology Content in Psychology Programs in Pakistan

This research explores the curriculum of various psychology programs offered in different universities across Pakistan for inclusion of Islamic content in the curriculum. The curriculum management authorities, like Deans, Directors, Head of Psychology Departments and Program Incharges were asked about the inclusion of Islamic studies and guidelines in the psychology courses taught at public and private sector universities in Pakistan. The qualitative analysis is suggesting that out of a sample of 24 universities, only 33% had courses on Islamic psychology and 67% did not offer any course or module on Islamic or Muslim psychology. The findings also include that 29% of the course content is focused on history of Muslim psychology and famous Arab scholars and is offered in undergraduate programs. The implications are first to explore and report existing Islamic content in Psychology programs. Second to promote the significance of inclusion of content related to Islamic psychology, Islamic and religious based therapies and trainings based on Quran and Sunnah in the curriculum. This research is an endeavor to highlight how the curriculum of various university programs are far behind and lacking in recent innovations in religion-based techniques of therapy, treatment and counseling based on Islamic principles.

Social Media Discourse: Intensional Approach

Social media is a new reality of modern society and represent as a platform of online communication of millions of people. During the discussion reflection of current events is happening, positions of communication’s subjects on topical issues are forming and changing, impact is made. Definition of intentional characteristics of network discourse related to motivational, perceptual-cognitive processes, communicants’ practical activity becomes particularly relevant in this regard. The approach realized in this study is aimed at characterizing the intentional space of social media discourse and identifying discursive markers of Internet users’ actual intentions, suitable for their objective evaluation. 46 messages of various topics and their discussion (1835 comments) on various network resources in 2015–2022 are served as the material for our study. Intent-analysis is used to assess psychological content of speech. This method allows to determine communicators’ intentions associated with current interaction and communicative tactics. 51 categories of intentions are described (4947 realizations). High intensity negative intentions dominate among them regardless of their topics that points to pronounced negative evaluability and potential conflictuality. In addition, social media discourse has clear informational focus due to extensive representation of neutral intentions associated with exchange of opinions, analysis and discussion of the situation. Context specific markers of communicators’ intentions: lexical, semantic, graphic and punctuation are found in it. Some markers are specific to certain intentions; others are realized in actualization of a number of intentions that associated with the variety of expression ways and words’ multiple meanings.