Blood Content Research Articles

Seasonal dynamics of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and biogenic amines in the blood of apparently healthy women living in the city of Arkhangelsk

The aim of the study is to assess the seasonal supply of vitamin D and biogenic amines to practically healthy women of working age living in Arkhangelsk. Material and methods. The study sample included 20 practically healthy women aged 22–44 years, permanently residing in Arkhangelsk. The study was conducted over 4 seasons: during the period of increasing (March), maximum (June), decreasing (September) and minimum daylight hours (December). The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline in the blood were determined. Results. The annual dynamics of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in the blood was established with its minimum content in the winter (December), followed by an increase in the vitamin concentration in the spring, the highest level during the period of maximum daylight hours (June) and a further decrease in the fall (September). During the period of minimum day length, the smallest proportion of people (15 %) with optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is observed, while more than half of women have insufficient level, and a quarter have vitamin D deficiency. Serotonin level decreased from spring to winter. The peak of dopamine concentration was recorded in the summer; the minimum content was recorded in the autumn. The minimum concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline is noted in the spring; the maximum levels are in the winter. Conclusions. The most critical season for 25-hydroxyvitamin D content in women blood is the minimum duration of daylight hours’ period (December), while the more favorable season can be attributed to the maximum duration period (June) and a decrease in the duration of daylight hours (September). The annual 25-hydroxyvitamin D dynamics and serotonin levels have similar features, and seasonal changes in the adrenaline and noradrenaline concentration are in the opposite direction.

Clinical experience of a patient with hemopericardium

Introduction: pericardial effusion is a frequent entity in daily practice, which can occur due to a wide range of pathologies, it is the result of an increase in the blood content of the pericardial sac.Case presentation: female patient, white skin, 93 years old, presented with a fall on her own feet, was taken to the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department where a diagnosis of intertrochanteric right hip fracture was made and admission to the observation room was indicated for subsequent surgical treatment. The patient began to become tachycardic 110/min, hypotensive 80/50 mmHg, she began to resuscitate with volume responding to fluid minirection (4ml/Kg). Hematocrit was repeated and found to be 0.25, her state of shock was attributed as hypovolemic hemorrhagic. Signs of tissue hypoperfusion persisted, despite the prescribed measures and increased vasopressor requirements. It was decided to perform an echocardiogram where there were evident signs of pericardial effusion. Pericardial window and hemostasis of the bleeding site were performed, achieving the survival of this case. Conclusions: hemopericardium is an entity with a reserved prognosis, which may occur due to a wide range of traumatic and non-traumatic pathologies; imaging methods are a key diagnostic tool, transthoracic echocardiography is the first line method for its evaluation. Therapeutic percutaneous approach, surgical exploration, as well as pericardiocentesis are therapeutic methods

The Growth Performance and Nutrient Composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Fed Slaughtered Bovine Blood.

The disposal of slaughterhouse blood poses significant environmental challenges due to its biological instability and high nutrient content. We used a gradient of 10% blood increments (0-100%) to feed BSFL, and the correlation between the proportion of bovine blood and the BSFL weight gain, mortality rate, fatty acid content, and amino acid content was researched. Results indicate a positive correlation between the bovine blood content and BSFL mortality, with survival rates above 95% for blood proportions below 60%. Larval weight exhibited a negative correlation as the bovine blood content increased. Nutritional analysis revealed that the crude protein content in BSFL increased proportionally with bovine blood (14.75-25.45 g/100 g), while the crude fat content decreased correspondingly (10.70-4.66 g/100 g). The sugar content remained relatively constant across groups. Fatty acid analysis showed increased levels of C16:0, C14:0, and C16:1 and decreased levels of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 with higher bovine blood contents. The amino acid content generally increased with higher blood proportions. This study highlights the bioconversion potential of BSFL for bovine blood and underscores the impact of protein, lipid, and sugar concentrations in feed on BSFL growth. These findings provide valuable insights for utilizing slaughterhouse waste in BSFL rearing, contributing to the development of more sustainable waste management and animal feed production methods.

Chaotic dynamics for homeostatic hematopoiesis.

Hematopoiesis is a highly dynamical and stochastic process, challenging our understanding of homeostasis. Clinical studies of leukemia or neutropenic patients revealed that multiple blood cell types fluctuate spontaneously with large yet regular oscillations of their frequencies. Yet the stability of hematopoiesis in healthy individuals remains understudied. Here we report on both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of dozens of healthy mice, through high-dimensional mass and spectral cytometry, to understand hematopoiesis at homeostasis. We found that all cell types in the bone marrow, blood, and spleen exhibit large variations of frequency (e.g., with coefficients of variation larger than 1). While the frequencies of individual cell type fluctuate, there existed extensive and robust correlations/anti-correlations between cell types, exemplified by the pronounced anti-correlation between blood neutrophils and B cells. Through longitudinal study of the blood content of healthy mice, we found that leukocyte fluctuations are ergodic yet subject to chaotic behaviors characterized by a broad spectrum of characteristic timescales. We then built a minimal mathematical model to capture these dynamical features of hematopoiesis (fluctuations, correlations, and chaos) and explain how the accumulation of B cells (e.g. during lymphoma development) would transition the blood cell dynamics from chaos to oscillations (as observed clinically). Finally, we demonstrated the ubiquity and consistency of the correlated fluctuations in hematopoiesis by comparing mouse cohorts of different genetic backgrounds and ages. To conclude, we discuss how study of hematopoiesis must factor in the newfound chaotic dynamics at homeostasis, towards better modeling the responses to perturbations.

Angiogenesis-elicited spectral responses of early invasive skin melanoma: Implications for the evaluation of lesion progression.

Early invasive skin melanoma (EISM) associated with partial tumor invasion to the thin and optically complex papillary dermis (PD) represents a critical stage before the onset of metastasis. EISM lesions may be accompanied by angiogenesis, which can alter the PD's blood and fibril contents. A comprehensive understanding about these interconnected processes is essential for enhancing the efficacy of EISM optical evaluation methodologies. Employing a first-principles computational approach supported by measured data, we systematically assess the impact that angiogenesis can have on the EISM's spectral responses. Our findings indicate that these responses are discernibly affected by angiogenesis under distinct physiological conditions, with more substantial tissue alterations leading to accentuated spectral changes in the 550-600 nm region. Accordingly, we propose the use of a customized low-cost spectral index to monitor these processes. Furthermore, our investigation provides a high-fidelity in silico platform for interdisciplinary research on the photobiology of evolving skin melanomas.

Dietary curcumin supplementation attenuates hepatic damage and function abnormality in a chronic corticosterone-induced stress model in broilers

Chronic stress refers to the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and elevated blood contents of ACTH and corticosterone (CORT), exhibiting significant adverse effects on health outcomes. Currently, natural polyphenol compounds are increasingly being explored as potential therapeutic agents and have been considered as a treatment option for a variety of stress-induced diseases. Curcumin (CUR) is the main substance in Curcuma longa (Zingiberacea) rhizome that has strong health-beneficial properties. The study aimed to assess the potential protective effects of CUR on hepatic oxidative stress damage and abnormal lipid deposition in a chronic CORT-induced stress (CCIS) model in broilers. One hundred and twenty experimental broilers were randomly divided into 1) control group (CON), 2) CUR group (200 mg/kg feed), 3) CORT group (4 mg/kg BW CORT) and 4) CORT+CUR group (200 mg/kg feed plus 4 mg/kg BW CORT). The liver histology, glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress were determined. In addition, qPCR was performed to identify shifts in genes expression. Compared with CON group, broilers under CCIS showed a decreased body weight, body weight gain and average daily gain, while dietary CUR significantly reversed these adverse effects. Furthermore, the plasma contents of TCH, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TP, GLB and AST were all significantly increased in CCIS broilers, while dietary CUR obviously alleviated the increase of TCH, HDL-C, LDL-C and AST, and relieved the hepatic lipid deposition disorder and liver injury. Moreover, CCIS significantly increased the contents of MDA in both liver and plasma, and decreased the content of plasma SOD, while CUR obviously reversed these changes, showing reduced oxidative stress damage. Finally, the mRNA expressions of FAS, ACC, SCD and the protein level of PPAR-γ were significantly increased, meanwhile the mRNA expression of lipolytic genes ACOX1, ATGL and CPT as well as two major intracellular antioxidant enzymes SOD1 and GPX1 were obviously decreased, while CUR effectively reversed these effects. These results showed that dietary CUR effectively alleviated CCIS-induced body weight loss, hepatic oxidative damage and lipid deposition disorder, suggesting the possible therapeutic effectiveness of CUR against hepatic damage and function abnormality caused by CCIS.

Comparative analysis of blood protein fractions in two mediterranean farmed fish: Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata

Total protein levels in fish are widely used in health and welfare studies, providing a simple and accessible measure. However, the multifaceted role of blood proteins makes it sometimes challenging to link total protein content to specific health issues, while specific protein fractions may offer more precise insights into fish biology and health, particularly in farmed fish species where such data is often lacking. Data were gathered from two experiments involving Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata, key species in European marine aquaculture. The aim was (1) to assess how different globulin fractions contribute to total protein content in blood and (2) how these contributions vary across different sampling times in healthy animals. In D. labrax, the beta1 globulin fraction emerged as the major contributor (34.16%), followed by albumin and alpha2 globulins (18.24% and 16.41%, respectively). In contrast, pre-albumins and alpha1 fractions had the least contribution (5.49% and 7.71%). S. aurata exhibited albumin as the primary contributor (23.39%), followed by beta1 and alpha2 globulins (19.71% and 19.15%, respectively), with gamma and alpha1 fractions contributing the least (5.34% and 8.63%). Notably, the study revealed relatively stable contributions of globulin fractions to total proteins within both species, albeit with minor variations over time, potentially linked to environmental and individual factors. Furthermore, larger fish displayed higher total protein levels. This research underscores the need for further investigation into the diverse factors influencing globulin contributions to total proteins, ultimately enhancing health and welfare monitoring for farmed fish species.

Advancing towards practice: A novel LC-MS/MS method for detecting retinol in dried blood spots

BackgroundTo date, clinical laboratories face challenges in quantifying retinol from DBS samples. Disputes arise throughout the whole detection process, encompassing the storage condition, the release strategy as well as the selection of internal standards. MethodsWe incubated DBS with ascorbic acid solution. Then, retinol-d4 in acetonitrile was introduced to incorporate isotopic internal standard and promote protein precipitation. Afterward, sodium carbonate solution was added to ionize cytochromes (such as bilirubin), which amplified the difference of their hydrophobicity to retinol. Subsequently, cold-induced phase separation could be facilitated to separate retinol from the impurities. In the end, the upper layer was injected for LC-MS/MS analysis. ResultsBy comparing the detected retinol content in whole blood and DBS samples prepared from the same volume, we confirmed the established pretreatment was capable to extract most of retinol from DBS (recovery >90 %). Thereafter, we verified that within DBS, retinol possessed satisfying stability without antioxidation. Indoor-light exposure and storage duration would not cause obvious degradation (<10 %). Following systematic validation, the established method well met the criteria outlined in the relevant guidelines. After comparing with detected DBS results to the paired plasma samples, 54 out of 60 met the acceptance limit for cross-validation of ±20 %. ConclusionsWe realized precise quantification of retinol from one 3.2 mm DBS disc. By circumventing conventional antioxidation, liquid-liquid/solid-phase extraction and organic solvent evaporation, the pretreatment could be completed within 15 min consuming only minimal amounts of low-toxicity chemicals (ascorbic acid, acetonitrile, and sodium carbonate). We expect this contribution holds the potential to significantly facilitate the evaluation of patients' vitamin A status by using DBS samples in the future.

Кореляція маркерів материнського та плодового запалення

Fetal inflammatory response syndrome (IFRS) is an inadequate reaction of the fetal immune system to the inflammatory process in the placenta, which is accompanied by an increase in neonatal mortality and morbidity. Aim - to assess the dependence of IFRS on the markers of the inflammatory process of the mother in premature births in different gestational periods to determine the date of delivery. Materials and methods. 405 mothers with premature singleton deliveries and their premature newborns were examined. The Spearman correlation method was used to calculate the relationship between IL-6 content in the umbilical cord blood of a newborn and laboratory markers of maternal inflammation in peripheral blood (containing leukocytes and rod-shaped neutrophils, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, pro-inflammatory interleukins), amniotic fluid (glucose, secretory inhibitor of leukocyte proteinase (SILP) and pro-inflammatory interleukins) and cervical mucus (pro-inflammatory interleukins). Results. Between the indicators of the mother's peripheral blood circulation and the value of IL-6, only a moderate connection was found, and the content of IL-6 in the amniotic fluid shows a strong correlation with the concentration of IL-6 in the umbilical cord blood of extremely premature newborns. For SILP, a strong correlation with the laboratory marker SFZV was found. A negative correlation with IL-6 of umbilical cord blood was found in cervical mucus for SILP. Signs of infection in the newborn show a strong dependence on the concentration of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in the peripheral blood of the mother, but this was not found for extremely premature newborns. A strong correlation was found between the concentration of glucose in the amniotic fluid and signs of infection in premature infants in both gestational categories. Conclusions. Among indicators of peripheral blood circulation of a pregnant woman, none shows a strong correlation with IFRS. The concentration of SILP in the amniotic fluid has a strong correlation with signs of fetal inflammation, regardless of gestational age. The content of SILP in the cervical mucus has a strong negative correlation with the criterion of IFRS in preterm infants against the background of intact fetal membranes. A strong correlation between the glucose content in the amniotic fluid and signs of infection in the premature infant was revealed. For extremely premature newborns, no indicator of the mother's peripheral blood correlates with signs of infection. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the women was obtained for the research. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acute Cannabis Administration Transiently Reduces Mitochondrial DNA in Young Adults: Findings from a Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Cannabis is one of the world's most commonly used substances; however, many questions remain unanswered as to how cannabis impacts the body. Recently, there has been a resurgence of research into the effects of plant-derived cannabinoids on mitochondrial health. In particular, a number of studies implicate mitochondrial-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) interactions with altered memory, metabolism, and catalepsy in mice. Although the research in this field is expanding rapidly, there is little known about the effects of cannabis on mitochondria health in human subjects either in acute or chronic term use. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized clinical trial in which adults who regularly use cannabis (1-4 days/week) aged 19-25 years were randomized 2:1 to receive either an active (12.5% Δ9-THC) cigarette or placebo (<0.01% Δ9-THC) cigarette containing 750 mg of cannabis before driving simulator testing. DNA was extracted from whole blood using commercial spin columns, followed by measurement of mt-ND1, mt-ND4, and β2M using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test was used to observe changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number over time. A two-tailed Pearsons R test was used to assess correlations between mtDNA copy number and cannabinoid levels (Δ9-THC and metabolites) in blood. Results: We found that exposure to active cannabis containing Δ9-THC, as opposed to placebo, was associated with an acute reduction in mitochondrial DNA copy number in whole blood at 15 min and 1 h after smoking. The observed decrease in mtDNA copy number negatively correlated with blood concentrations of 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-Nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), the two primary metabolites of Δ9-THC, but not Δ9-THC itself. Further, the negative correlation between 11-OH THC and THC-COOH concentrations and mtDNA copy number was found in only a subgroup of participants who use cannabis infrequently, suggesting a tolerance effect. Conclusions: These results illuminate mitochondrial alterations attributed to Δ9-THC consumption, which may be mediated by metabolites. These results appear to suggest stronger effects in individuals who consume cannabis less frequently, suggesting some form of tolerance to the effects of Δ9-THC and its metabolites on mtDNA content in whole blood. Keywords: Mitochondria; mtDNA; cannabis; THC; THC metabolites; blood; THC-COOH; 11-OH-THC.

Investigating the biological relevance of measuring gastrointestinal cortisol metabolite levels to assess stress responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after an acute stress

Monitoring stress levels of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is important to ensure fish welfare and optimize farm operations. Feces could be a promising matrix for assessing stress responses in fish, based on their properties of low-invasive sampling and allowing repeated sampling over time. Meanwhile, elevated levels of cortisol metabolites (CMs) in feces indicate the increases in plasma cortisol levels (PLA) after exposure to acute stress. However, the dynamics of fecal CMs following acute stress in Atlantic salmon remain unclear. In this study, a confinement stress involving chasing and crowding was conducted to investigate the responses of gastrointestinal CMs to an acute stressor in Atlantic salmon. The post-smolts, with an average weight of 155.21 g, were sampled before and at 30 min, 1.5, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h after the onset of stress. Blood and gastrointestinal contents from the stomach, proximal intestine, and distal intestine of each fish were collected and subsequently analyzed, using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that the pre-stress level of PLA was low (4.28 ± 6.13 ng/ml) and reached a peak within 30 min following stress. The levels of CMs in gastrointestinal contents from stomach (SCMs), proximal intestine (PCMs), and distal intestine (DCMs) in pre-stress group were 0.82 ± 0.50, 18.31 ± 6.14 and 16.04 ± 6.69 ng/g, respectively. Gastrointestinal CMs increased significantly within 30 min and the peak levels of SCMs (3.51 ± 3.75 ng/g), PCMs (68.19 ± 23.71 ng/g) and DCMs (65.67 ± 23.37 ng/g) were found at 1.5 h post-stress. The significant increases in PCMs and DCMs post-stress validate the biological relevance of measuring intestinal CMs for assessing acute stress responses in Atlantic salmon. No significant difference was noted between PCMs and DCMs across all samples, suggesting that intestinal contents can serve as a suitable matrix compared with feces when measuring the responses of CMs to acute stress. The time lag between the peak of PLA levels and their reflection in the intestinal contents exceeded 1 h, indicating that using intestinal contents as a matrix to assess stress levels in fish can extend and delay the sampling window. This study highlights valuable guidance for determining the optimal times to utilize intestinal contents for measuring stress responses, providing further insights into the dynamics of fecal CM following acute stress.

Efficacy of the Coordinative compound of Aluminium and N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-anthranilic (mefenamic) acid on the Model of Chronic Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis

The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of the innovative coordinative compound of aluminium and N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-anthranilic (mefenamic) acid (CCAA, possessing hepatoprotective and antioxidative activity) on the model of chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis in rats (Lieber–DeCarli isocaloric alcohol liquid diet for 10 weeks + LPS administration once a week for the three last weeks, 3 mg/kg intravenously). CCA was administered for 21 days at doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg intragastrically. Leucocyte content in the peripheral blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, basal glycemia, total lipids level, α-amylase and pancreatic elastase activity in blood serum and the duodenal contents as well as histological structure of the pancreas were evaluated. In the blood serum and the homogenate of the pancreas, glutathione content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured. The dose-dependent normalizing effect of CCAA was registered by the influence on the non-specific inflammatory markers, pancreatic exocrine function, and cytoarchitectonics of the pancreas (the highest efficacy – at a dose of 120 mg/kg). The normalizing influence on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance markers was not dose-dependent with an especially significant normalizing influence on SOD activity. The results substantiate expanding indications for the of the studied drug.

Histopathological evaluation of ulcerative colitis induced by white vinegar in albino rats

The ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel illness which causes persistent inflammation of the colon's innermost layers. A prominent characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC) is the stool's blood and mucous contents. This study determined to investigate the effects of white vinegar (WV) on colon tissues in rats. Two groups of twenty rats were created; the primary group was a control, healthy group, and the WV was administered to the second group at a dose of [1 ml/kg (5%)] via orally gavage for two weeks. Findings revealed the emergence of histopathological alterations like mucosal erosions, ulceration, loss of normal architecture, mucosal atrophy, and hemorrhage; numerous crypts have inflammatory cells that entered them, blood vessels are dilated and oedema, the serosa is destroyed, which demonstrates the devastation of the mucosal lining destruction with goblet cell hyperplasia, focal necrosis of epithelium with demolished connective tissues, accumulation of inflammatory cells in the mucosa, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa, as well as submucosal oedema when compared with the control rats. The PAS-reaction histochemical analysis showed that the treated rats had lower levels of carbohydrates than the control animals. The findings of the study demonstrated that white vinegar was a dangerous substance linked to histological alterations that resulted in acute ulcerative colitis when used daily for two weeks.

Fermentation of Luffa cylindrica by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 enhanced functional properties: Insights into immune modulation, intestinal barrier repair, and intestinal microbiota regulation

Luffa cylindrica is a multifunctional plant resource with excellent but little-known functional properties, limited by its low processing and utilization rates. The emerging probiotic fermentation processing is an efficient and convenient way to improve the utilization rate of fruits and vegetables. To investigate the impact of probiotic fermentation on the functional properties of Luffa cylindrica, we fermented Luffa cylindrica with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 and compared the intervention effects of Luffa cylindrica juice (LJ) and Luffa cylindrica fermentation broth (LF) on the damage caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX). After 14 days of intervention with LJ or LF, we collected samples from the thymus, spleen, blood, ileum, and cecum contents from BALB/C mice for subsequent analysis. The results indicate that LF provides better relief from CTX-induced damage than LJ. The main adverse effects caused by immune dysregulation, thymic atrophy, decreased blood leukocyte (WBC) count, and intestinal cytokine levels, were further improved by LF intervention. In addition, under the intervention of LF, intestinal epithelial cells and crypts were further protected, and their tight junction protein expression and mucus secretion were also promoted. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis, positively correlated with intestinal barrier disruption and immunosuppression, was also further alleviated by LF intervention. In summary, fermentation significantly enhanced immune modulation, intestinal barrier repair, and intestinal microbiota regulation of Luffa cylindrica. The results of our study may help people realize the little-known valuable functional properties of Luffa cylindrica, and may be expected to expand the types of functional foods.

Personalized autologous stem cell harvesting improves patient collection outcomes

ObjectivesThis study aims to demonstrate that utilizing a personalized approach to apheresis stem cell collection, can safely optimize the collection outcomes, especially in the context of poor mobilizers and high cell targets. BackgroundThe optimal mobilization and harvesting of peripheral blood stem cells is critical to the success of the stem cell transplant. The ideal strategy that promotes better cell yields, with sustainable use of resources and assuring patient safety, should be pursued. MethodsPBSC collections for autologous stem cell transplant data according to a fixed-processed volume strategy (One Size Fits All) or individualized to patients CD34+ peripheral blood content and target approach (Custom-Tailored or CT) were retrospectively compared. ResultsA total of 263 collections from 142 patients were assessed. The majority of patients were male, had multiple myeloma and were mobilized with isolated G-CSF. The CT strategy promoted a significantly higher CD34+ cell yield when the pre-collection CD34 was lower than 20/µl (1.02 ± 0.16 versus 1.36 ± 0.23, p < 0.001) and also a decrease in the proportion of mobilization cycles that needed 3 apheresis (31% versus 14%, p = 0.02). There was no difference in apheresis-related adverse events between the groups. ConclusionTailoring the apheresis procedures to the patient-specific characteristics and objectives, can effectively promote better patient outcome.

Literature study: Comparative analysis of lead content in blood between spot workers, Caroseries industry workers, and metal smelting industry workers

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the comparison of lead content in blood between gas station attendants, bodywork industry workers, and metal smelting industry workers. Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that can have dangerous effects on human health. Lead exposure can occur through various sources, including the work environment. Method: The research used is a literature study by collecting articles published between 2013-2023. After selection, there were 18 articles that were relevant to the research topic. Results and Discussion: The average lead content in the blood of gas station attendants ranges from 2.75 μg/dL to 35,317 μg/dL, bodywork industry workers range from 14.4 μg/dL to 35 μg/dL, and metal smelting industry workers range from 14.4 μg/dL. dL up to 50.83 μg/dL. Differences in levels of lead exposure between these three professions can be caused by differences in type of work, activities and work environment. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that gas station officers, bodywork industry workers, and metal smelting industry workers have different levels of exposure to lead. Therefore, appropriate health protection, such as the use of PPE and safe work practices, needs to be implemented to reduce the risk of lead exposure.

Correlations of light scattering properties in human skin with the person's age assessed using a non-invasive technique.

We analyze the influence of a person's age on the thicknesses and reduced scattering coefficients of the epidermis and dermis in visible part of the spectrum. Their values were assessed using a non-invasive technique which combines pulsed photothermal radiometry and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in a four-layer model of skin. The analysis is affected by the strong influences of the melanin content on the reduced scattering coefficient of the epidermis, a epi, and blood content in the case of dermis (a der). Separating their contributions reveals a significant decrease of a der with the person's age at an average rate of -0.25 mm-1 per decade, while the contribution of blood in the papillary dermis amounts to 1.0 mm-1%-1. Meanwhile, no influence of the person's age was found on a epi and the thicknesses of the epidermis or dermis.

Prevalence of T-2 Toxin in the Food and Beverages of Residents Living in a Kashin-Beck-Disease Area of Qamdo, Tibet.

It has been strongly suggested that selenium deficiency and T-2 toxin contamination have a strong relationship with the occurrence and development of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). In order to provide information for understanding the high prevalence of KBD in Tibet, this study collected the responses to a cubital venous blood and dietary questionnaire of 125 subjects including 75 KBD patients and 50 healthy controls in a KBD-prevalent county (Luolong County) in Tibet, China. A total of 10 household local families were randomly selected in this area, and local diet samples of brick tea, Zanba powder, milk residue, and hulless Barley were collected from these residents. Selenium content in blood was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The T-2 toxin contamination level in food sample was assayed using an ELISA kit. The selenium levels of patients and controls were 42.0 ± 19.8 and 56.06 ± 22.4 μg/L, respectively. The serum selenium level in controls was higher than that in patients, but there was no significant difference, and the serum selenium level both in patients and controls in Tibet was lower than the normal range. The results of the dietary survey showed that the number of respondents who consumed butter tea was large; 46.67% of patients indicated that they drank buttered tea every day, which was significantly higher than in controls. The contents of T-2 toxin in Zanba powder, milk residue, hulless barley and drinking water samples were below the detection limit (0.05 μg/kg); this result was labeled Tr. Unexpectedly, the contents of T-2 toxin in brick tea were higher, with average levels of 424 ± 56 μg/kg in Detong village and 396 ± 24 μg/kg in Langcuo village. For the first time, we report the presence of an extremely high concentration of T-2 toxin in brick tea of Tibet.

Construction of an information model and predictors of the effectiveness of comprehensive medical rehabilitation of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis

Abstract. Analysis of predictors of the effectiveness of new methods of treating common somatic diseases is increasingly becoming an integral part of modern scientific medical research, since it solves several problems. Purpose: a comprehensive assessment of predictors of the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis based on various mathematical approaches. Material and methods: The study was carried out on the basis of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Clinical Hospital No. 1» of the UDP of Russia with the participation of 30 patients with PRS; the average age of the patients was 42.9+0.51 years. All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study. Comprehensive rehabilitation of patients included the endonasal use of Nasonex, subcutaneous administration of the drug dupilumab, an alternating magnetic field and low-intensity infrared laser radiation. Results: Statistical analysis of predictors of treatment efficacy in patients with polyposis rhinosinusitis who received dupilumab, low-intensity infrared laser into the nasal cavity and alternating magnetic field was performed. Matrix correlation analysis of 15 indicators characterizing the initial state of patients showed the presence of pronounced multicollinearity, which allowed us to reduce the number of independent variables to four. Regression analysis to assess the predictor significance of these indicators (results of SNOT-32 questionnaire, Lund — Mackay scale, blood content of eosinophilic cationic protein and interleukin 4) showed that Lund — Mackay scale values have an unreliable effect on the change of the dependent variable — parameters of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). It was revealed that the accuracy of the prediction is quite high and exceeds 90 %. Application of other variants (logit regression and piecewise regression) proved to be less effective It is proved that the effectiveness of treatment is maximized at the minimum values of the above mentioned independent variables.

Oxygen delivery and consumption in comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients are affected by blood pressure targets

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Grosserer L. F. Foghts Fond Background Hemodynamic instability is common after resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Preventing inadequate oxygen delivery (DO2) to the cells and thus not meeting oxygen demand is crucial to prevent further organ dysfunction. Additionally, oxygen uptake in the cells may be impaired. Oxygen consumption (VO2; the amount of oxygen consumed by the body per minute) could thus also be affected in OHCA. Purpose This study aimed to describe the effect of different mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) targets on DO2 and VO2. Methods This post-hoc study is based on the BOX trial, a 2x2 factorial design that randomized OHCA patients to a MAP of either 63 mmHg (MAP63) or 77 mmHg (MAP77) and a partial pressure of arterial oxygen of 9 to 10 kPa or a liberal oxygen target of a PaO2 of 13 to 14 kPa at two cardiac centers in Denmark. Pulmonary artery catheters were placed to evaluate cardiac output and collect mixed venous blood samples at prespecified time points. Oxygen blood contents were calculated for arterial (CaO2) and mixed venous blood (CvO2) as Hgb (mg/dl) x 10 x 1.39 x Saturation O2 (proportion) + 0.0225 x PaO2. DO2 = CO x CaO2, and VO2 = CO x (CaO2-CvO2). Results This study included 715 patients (90% of the total cohort with a pulmonary catheter) for analysis. A restrictive or liberal oxygen supplement did not affect DO2 or VO2 during the initial 48 hours. The MAP77 group exhibited on average 11% higher DO2 (95%CI: 6%-15%) and on average a 6% higher VO2 in the first 48 hours (95%CI: 3%-10%) compared to the MAP63 group (see Figure 1). Conclusion Targeting a PaO2 of either 9 to 10 kPa or 13 to 15 kPa resulted in no significant changes in the provision of oxygen to the cells, nor did it increase the consumption of oxygen. In contrast, targeting a MAP of 77 mmHg resulted in an increase in both the provision of oxygen and consumption of oxygen compared to a MAP target of 63 mmHg.Figure 1