Content Of Bioactive Components Research Articles

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice via induced electric field (IEF) and its bactericidal mechanism

Non-conventional heating technology based on electric fields can be utilized to process liquid foods. In this study, the induced electric field (IEF) was investigated to clarify its inactivation mechanism on E.coli. Staining results show that inactivation of E.coli by IEF can be attributed to the reversible destruction of the cell membrane, followed by the denaturation of intracellular enzymes, and finally the irreversible rupture of the cell membrane. The increased levels of extracellular proteins and nucleic acids were also observed. IEF treatment at 400 Hz and 800 V (or 53 V/cm) results in a reduction of 4.5 log CFU·mL−1 in the number of E.coli. Storage life analysis shows that IEF treatment can improve the stability of apple juice and the content of bioactive components. Thus, IEF is a potential technique for liquid food processing.

The physicochemical and pasting properties of purple corn flour ground by a novel low temperature impact mill

Purple corn flour (PCF) was prepared by a low temperature impact mill (LTIM) with various air classifier speeds (300, 600, 1200 and 1800 rpm). The effects of processing speed on physicochemical and pasting properties of PCF were investigated. Particle size (D[4,3]) of PCF decreased from 442 μm to 35 μm. The color of PCF became redder supported by increased a* values (from 2.12 to 6.90). As compared with untreated sample, the bioactive component content and antioxidant properties of LTIM-treated PCF increased at low speed (300–600 rpm), then kept constant with further increasing speed. Furthermore, LTIM distinctly changed the pasting properties of PCF, which was demonstrated by lower viscosities, pasting temperature, retrogradation tendency. This change was related to decreased particle size, increased damage starch content, improved hydration properties and promoted destruction of crystal and microstructure. The information obtained may enhance the high-value utilization of functionally superfine ingredient in food applications. Industrial relevancePoor palatability and processing characteristics of whole cereal flour limited its utilities in food industries. Superfine grinding is regarded as one of the effective ways to reduce these problems. However, some superfine grinding technology have some problems such as temperature rise and large dust. A low temperature impact mill (LTIM) recently designed overcame the drawbacks. The present research provided information that LTIM was a good method to pulverize cereals and could be used for the manufacture of functionally superfine ingredient.

Оцінювання результативності податкових пільг для окремих видів діяльності в Україні

One of the stages of effective public administration of the processes of granting and applying tax benefits is to assess its effectiveness and efficiency in order to determine the feasibility of further use of tax benefits or adjustments to the policy of state support of economic agents using tax levers. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the application of tax benefits in Ukraine on the basis of methodological approaches developed by Western scientists, if the necessary information is available. The object of the study is the tax benefits introduced on a temporary basis for certain priority activities identified as requiring government support. The main sources of information for evaluation were the data of the State Tax Service of Ukraine on the amounts of tax benefits that are losses of budget revenues and other tax benefits for 2014-2019, reports of the Accounting Chamber, reports of the State Space Agency of Ukraine, data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Internet resources. The first part of the article presents the results of the assessment of tax benefits for aircraft manufacturers and producers of alternative fuels obtained in 2014-2019. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that although the state support for aircraft manufacturing entities provided in the form of tax incentives contributes to solving current problems, it is insufficient to achieve the targets of development of the capital-intensive industry, which requires a significant amount of financial resources, and therefore must be supplemented by other forms of the state support, the source of which are direct budget expenditures. As for the tax benefits provided to producers of alternative fuels, they are considered ineffective because they did not lead to an increase in biofuel production, so they should be supplemented by benefits aimed at stimulating its consumption: decrease in excise tax rates on biodiesel and its mixtures and motor gasolines containing bioethanol; introducing mandatory market quotas for the content of bioactive components in blended fuels, which is considered a tool for generating guaranteed demand for motor biofuels.

Alteration of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content during the Eight-Week Fermentation of Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple is one of the delicious fruit consumed by people. Apple cider vinegar was made through the traditional method and the changes occurred during the 8 week fermentation period were determined in this research. Total titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids (°brix), total phenolic contents, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assays, phenolic contents were determined. Total phenolic substance, ORAC and TEAC values increased significantly weekly and reached the highest level in the 3rd week. Total phenolic substance, ORAC and TEAC values of 3rd week apple vinegar were determined as 1110.63 mg GAE L-1, 10.92 mM and 21.11 µmol TE mL-1, respectively. Apple vinegar samples had gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The major phenolic substances in apple vinegar were gallic acid and chlorogenic acid. While gallic acid value of 3rd and 4th week apple vinegar were detected 11.91 and 23.69 mg L-1, respectively; chlorogenic acid value of 4th and 5th week apple vinegar were found 46.36 and 49.71 mg L-1. Antioxidant activity and phenolic substances values were not significant reduction during the acetic acid fermentation. In this study, the formation process of the functional and sensory properties of apple cider vinegar due to the change in the weekly antioxidant and bioactive component content of apple cider vinegar was emphasized.

Enhancement of In Vitro Production of Volatile Organic Compounds by Shoot Differentiation in Artemisia spicigera.

Callus initiation, shoot formation and plant regeneration were established for Artemisia spicigera, a traditional medicinal plant growing in Armenia, Middle-Anatolia and Iran, and producing valuable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are mostly represented by monoterpenoids. Optimal callus initiation and shoot production were obtained by culture of hypocotyl and cotyledon explants on MS medium comprising 0.5 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). Consequently, the shoots were transferred onto the MS media supplemented with 1 mg L−1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1 mg L−1 of NAA. Both types of auxin induced root formation on the shoots and the resulting plantlets were successfully grown in pots. The production of VOCs in callus tissues and regenerated plantlets was studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Although the potential of undifferentiated callus to produce VOCs was very low, an increased content of bioactive volatile components was observed at the beginning of shoot primordia differentiation. Intriguingly, the volatiles obtained from in vitro plantlets showed quantitative and qualitative variation depending on the type of auxins used for the rooting process. The acquired quantities based on total ion current (TIC) showed that the regenerated plantlets using 1 mg L−1 NAA produced higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes such as camphor (30.29%), cis-thujone (7.07%), and 1,8-cineole (6.71%) and sesquiterpene derivatives, namely germacrene D (8.75%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%) and spathulenol (1.49%) compared with the intact plant. According to these findings, in vitro generation of volatile organic compounds in A. spicigera depends on the developmental stages of tissues and may enhance with the formation of shoot primordia and regeneration of plantlets.

EVALUATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOME GLOBE ARTICHOKE [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] CULTIVARS BASED ON LEAF POSITION AND DIFFERENT PLANT DEVELOPMENT STAGE

In recent years, the use of globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] heads have increased in the pharmaceutical field and the active ingredient of many herbal medicines, especially globe artichoke leaves are considered as waste material, thrown away to nature, resulting with environmental pollution, in some countries. The present study is, thus, conducted to evaluate the phenolic compounds in the leaves of two globe artichoke cultivars as well as their change in different months. Globe artichoke leaves were harvested monthly, according to their positions as inner and outer (young and mature leaves, respectively). Leaf samples were dried and extracted using 70% methanolic extraction solvent and quantitatively analyzed at HPLC-DAD. Findings revealed that there were differences between cultivars and leaf positions as inner and outer and also among different plant development stage, in terms of content of bioactive components. Flavonoid levels in February were quite promising, while in terms of other phenolic compounds, December and January were prominent. Regarding the leaf positions, high flavonoid levels were dominant in inner leaves. The findings of the study can be beneficial for using globe artichoke leaf content in nutraceutical and pharmacological applications due to their high level of phenolics and should not be treated as waste material.

Treatment with exogenous salicylic acid maintains quality, increases bioactive compounds, and enhances the antioxidant capacity of fresh goji (Lycium barbarum L.) fruit during storage

Goji fruit is susceptible to rot and deterioration after harvest, but drying results in the loss of functional components. To explore the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on fruit quality, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity during storage, fresh goji fruit was treated with SA (1, 2, and 3 mmol L−1) and stored at 0 °C or ambient temperature. Compared to the control, SA repressed disease at both treatment temperatures. During storage at 0 °C, SA decreased respiration intensity and ethylene production and resulted in higher color values, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and TSS-to-titratable acidity ratio compared to the control. Meanwhile, the SA-treated fruits showed lower weight loss, lower titratable acidity, and better sensory quality. Treated fruit stored at 0 °C also showed higher hydrophilic and lipophilic total antioxidant activities compared to the control, which was attributed to the higher contents of hydrophilic bioactive components (e.g., ascorbic acid, total phenolics, and total flavonoids) and lipophilic bioactive components (e.g., total carotenoids). Among the tested SA concentrations, 2 mmol L−1 SA had the strongest effects. The results demonstrate that SA can delay ripening and senescence, retain fruit quality, promote the accumulation of bioactive compounds, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of fresh goji fruit during storage.

Metabolomic analysis based on EESI-MS indicate blue LED light promotes aliphatic-glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts

Broccoli sprouts are rich in secondary metabolites, especially glucosinolates (GLs). The synthesis of GLs can be modified by light. In this study, extractive electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) was used to analyze the broccoli sprouts extracts (BSE) under different light quality treatments. Multivariable statistical methods were used to analyze the difference of different light quality treatments. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the gene expression of key enzymes in the aliphatic-GLs biosynthesis pathway. Nineteen compounds, including 7 GLs, 3 phenolic acids, 6 amino acids and 3 organic acids were simultaneously detected in one minute by EESI-MS. Relative expression of MYB28, BCAT4, CYP79F1, CYP83A1 and AOP3 were mostly upregulated in R5B5 (light ratios of red/blue 5:5) treatment. These findings suggest that blue light improving the accumulation of secondary metabolites in broccoli sprouts, and the R5B5 treatment was most beneficial. Furthermore, we established EESI-MS method to simultaneous and rapid detection of secondary metabolites in broccoli sprouts, especially GLs. This study could provide a reference for selecting proper LED lighting conditions to produce broccoli sprouts with high content of bioactive components, and provides light regulation technology and theoretical basis for the industrialized production of sprouts.

Side-stream products of malting: a neglected source of phytochemicals

Whole grain consumption reduces the risk of several chronic diseases. A major contributor to the effect is the synergistic and additive effect of phytochemicals. Malting is an important technological method to process whole grains; the main product, malted grain, is used mainly for brewing, but the process also yields high amounts of side-stream products, such as rootlet. In this study, we comprehensively determined the phytochemical profile of barley, oats, rye, and wheat in different stages of malting and the subsequent extraction phases to assess the potential of malted products and side-streams as a dietary source of bioactive compounds. Utilizing semi-quantitative LC–MS metabolomics, we annotated 285 phytochemicals from the samples, belonging to more than 13 chemical classes. Malting significantly altered the levels of the compounds, many of which were highly increased in the rootlet. Whole grain cereals and the malting products were found to be a diverse and rich source of phytochemicals, highlighting the value of these whole foods as a staple. The characterization of phytochemicals from the 24 different sample types revealed previously unknown existence of some of the compound classes in certain species. The rootlet deserves more attention in human nutrition, rather than its current use mainly as feed, to benefit from its high content of bioactive components.

The effect of genotype and muscle type on the physico-chemical characteristics and taurine, carnosine and L-carnitine concentration in lamb meat.

An experiment was conducted to determine the chosen bioactive components and physico-chemical characteristics of lamb meat of different animal genotypes and the muscle types. The 22 ram lambs of Polish Merino (PM) and 22 crossbreeds of Polish Merino Berrichone du Cher (PMB) were fattened to achieve their slaughter weight of 40 kg. After slaughter, the carcasses were kept at 4 C for 24 h. Then, the samples of longissimus lumborum (LL) and gluteus medius (GM) muscle were collected to analyse the physico-chemical traits; fatty acid profile; and concentrations of taurine, carnosine, L-carnitine. The GM muscle compared to LL had the higher value ( < 0.05) of and a lower value ( < 0.05) of and both in PM and PMB lambs. The value of expressed juice was lower ( < 0.05) in both LL and GM muscles of PM lambs. A higher amount ( < 0.05) of collagen was found in LL muscle compared to GM both in PM and PMB lambs. The GM muscle of PM lambs showed higher ( < 0.05) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, as well as higher total polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs), PUFA n-6, and PUFA n-3 ( < 0.05). The GM muscle was characterized by a higher ( < 0.05) content of taurine, while in the LL muscle there was a higher amount ( < 0.05) of carnosine. A larger amount ( < 0.05) of L-carnitine was found in GM muscle but only within PMB lambs. The obtained results showed a greater impact of the lamb's genotype on the physical characteristics of meat than on its chemical composition and the content of bioactive components. The muscle type had an effect on meat colour; collagen content; fatty acid profile; and amount of taurine, carnosine, and L-carnitine present.

Osmotic dehydration and convective drying of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) – The influence of ultrasound on process kinetics and product quality

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ultrasound on two subsequent processes – initial osmotic dehydration and convective drying of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). The effect of ultrasound (at a frequency of 25 kHz) was assessed both in terms of process kinetics and product quality. During the study, three different osmotic agents were used – erythritol, sorbitol, and sucrose – in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 50% (w/w). The essential kinetic parameters were analyzed – water loss and increase of dry matter during osmotic dehydration, and evolution of moisture content and temperature of samples during convective drying (drying curves). Product quality was assessed on the basis of color, water activity, and content of relevant bioactive components – polyphenols and carotenoids. It was found that the application of ultrasound during osmotic dehydration resulted in higher water loss and solid gain. This surely results from the phenomena occurring during the propagation of the elastic waves in the liquid medium (mainly related to cavitation) and enhancement of the mass transfer. The use of ultrasound during convective drying also had a positive effect on the kinetics of this process. In most cases, during the ultrasonically assisted drying operations, a significant increase in drying rate was observed, leading to a reduction in drying time. This may be due to the intensification of both heat and mass transfer as a result of the mechanical and thermal effects of ultrasound. The assessment of product quality showed that the use of sugar alcohols was a good alternative to sucrose, and ultrasound-assisted convective drying increased the retention of valuable carotenoids and polyphenols. Moreover, in all dried kiwifruit slices, water activity was below 0.6, which can guarantee the microbiological stability of the tested samples.

Effects of Different Harvest Times on Nutritional Component of Herbaceous Peony Flower Petals

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) flowers can be used as edible flowers, but few studies concerned about their edible values and the optimal harvest season. In this study, petals of three herbaceous peony cultivars including “Dafugui,” “Hongyan Zhenghui,” and “Yangfei Chuyu” at four different development stages were used as materials to measure the content of soluble sugar, organic acid, protein, vitamin C (Vc), total phenolics, total flavonoids, mineral elements, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, with the aim to understand the variation tendency of the nutritional ingredients and bioactive components in herbaceous peony flower petals during development and to determine the optimal harvest time for herbaceous peony flowers with better edible qualities. The results demonstrated that the content of individual nutritional and bioactive components was varied with cultivars and developmental stages. The soluble sugar content was 63.69–225.97 mg/g FW, organic acid 10.13–24.60 mg/g FW, soluble protein 9.83–39.17 mg/g FW, Vc 12.31–33.52 mg/100 g FW, total phenolics 83.23–136.19 mg/g DW, total flavonoids 10.20–24.98 mg/g DW, and SOD activity 62.92–284.09 U/g FW. For mineral elements, the content of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Zn was 20.96–65.51 μg/g DW, 810.85–1342.36 μg/g DW, 6723.68–12253.63 μg/g DW, 848.67–3038.46 μg/g DW, 1.14–8.44 μg/g DW, 48.70–149.72 μg/g DW, 1.20–2.17 μg/g DW, and 16.69–25.50 μg/g DW, respectively. The content of soluble sugar, protein, total flavonoids, and SOD activity in flower petals was the highest, and the content of organic acid was the lowest at the full bloom period (S3) for all three cultivars, while the highest Vc and total phenolics were at the early bloom stage (S2) and flower bud stage (S1), respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended to harvest herbaceous peony flowers at S3 with the best edible quality considering nutrients and bioactive components.

The Impact of Vacuum and Convective Drying Parameters on Kinetics, Total Phenolic Content, Carotenoid Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta)

This study aimed to investigate the impact of convective and vacuum drying performed at different temperatures on the content of bioactive components of kiwiberry. Dried fruits obtained from Geneva and Weiki cultivars were analyzed for total carotenoid content, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The secondary goal was to establish drying kinetics and to find the best-fitting model for the drying process. The results showed that the highest total carotenoid content was found in Geneva fruits dried by vacuum method and was equal to 39.55–90.27 µg/g dry matter (d.m.). Considering free radical scavenging activity, the best results were also achieved for vacuum dried Geneva cultivar. These samples exhibited EC50 equal to 0.16–0.51 mg d.m./mL and 0.05–0.24 mg d.m./mL as evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Vacuum drying method usually better preserved the phenolic content of kiwiberry—samples dried at 50 °C did not differ significantly from fresh material. Generally, the shortest drying time was observed for the samples dried at 70 °C regardless of the drying method. Changing the temperature during drying from 80 to 50 and 60 °C did not cause expected benefits regarding chemical property preservation. In most cases, the Midilli et al. model represented the best fit to describe obtained drying kinetics.

Gut-lymph-lung pathway mediates sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

This review attempts to unveil the possible mechanisms underlying how gut lymph affects lung and further gives rise to acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as potential interventional targets under the condition of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We searched electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase to identify relevant literatures published up to December 2019. We enrolled the literatures including the Mesh Terms of “gut lymph or intestinal lymph and acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome.” Gut is considered to be the origin of systemic inflammation and the engine of multiple organ distress syndrome in the field of critical care medicine, whereas gut lymph plays a pivotal role in initiation of ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. In fact, in the having been established pathologic model of sepsis leading to multiple organ dysfunction named by Gut Lymph theory, a variety of literatures showed the position and role of changes in gut lymph components in the initiation of systemic inflammatory response, which allows us to screen out potential intervention targets to pave the way for future clinic and basic research.

Quantitative analysis of fermented aerial part of Bupleurum chinense and prediction of their antimicrobial activity

The aim of this study was to predict the anti-microbial components in the aerial part of Bupleurum chinense fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum through analyzing the correlation between contents of bioactive components and their inhibitory action for pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the UPLC-MS-MS detection method was established for eight flavonoids(kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, rutin, iridin, quercetin-3-O-β-L-arabinoside, kaempferol) and DL-3-phenyllactic acid, and the dynamic change of their contents at fermentation course were monitored. Meanwhile, the experiment employed five common no-naquatic pathogenic bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis), and four common aquatic pathogenic bacteria(Aeruginosa hydrophila, Delayed Edwards, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi) to validate in vitro anti-microbial activity of the fermented aerial part of B. chinense at different fermentation time points. Finally, the Pearson correlation analysis was applied to predict the anti-microbial components of the fermented aerial part of B. chinense.The established UPLC-MS-MS method showed a good linearity and the widest linear range was from 0.19 μg·mL~(-1) to 50 μg·mL~(-1). The limit of quantitation and the limit of detection were 0.19-1.56 μg·mL~(-1) and 0.1-0.78 μg·mL~(-1) respectively. During the fermentation within 48 h, the contents of three flavonoids(rutin, quercetin-3-O-β-L-arabinoside, isoquercitrin) and DL-3-phenyllactic acid from the fermented aerial part of B. chinense increased sharply. In the process of fermentation, the anti-microbial effect of the fermented aerial part of B. chinense on aquatic pathogens was significantly stronger than that on non-aquatic pathogens. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis predicted that isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin-3-O-β-L-arabinoside and DL-3-phenyllactic acid showed significant correlation with the four aquatic pathogens. This study revealed that the fermented aerial part of B. chinense had a high sensitivity to aquatic pathogens, which may be caused by the increased contents of isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin-3-O-β-L-arabinoside and DL-3-phenyllactic acid. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis and new idea for the further development of the large amount of wasteful aerial part of Bupleurum chinense.

Donor Human Milk for Preterm Infants: A Cost-Consequence Analysis of Alternative Preservation Methods

ObjectivesTo perform cost-consequence and cost-effectiveness analyses of 2 methods of donor human milk (DHM) preservation—Holder pasteurization (HoP) and high-pressure processing (HPP)—in human milk banks in Poland. MethodsWe used the results of the LACTOTECHnology as an answer to special nutritional requirements of preterm infants (LACTOTECH) preclinical study on the impact of different preservation methods on the content of bioactive milk components. The cost analysis was performed from the hospital perspective. To estimate the Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) tariff for enteral feeding with DHM preserved by HPP, the pricing process used by the Polish health technology assessment agency (Agencja Oceny Technologii Medycznych i Taryfikacji) was followed. One-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses on costs and human milk component parameters were undertaken. ResultsHPP maintains an average of 55% more potentially beneficial DHM components than HoP, but is more expensive (€35 750 vs €5066). The DRG tariff relating to milk from human milk banks preserved by the HPP method should be about €54 (130%) higher than with HoP. The cost-effectiveness ratio ranged from €0.84 to €10.27 per 1% gain in the active compound content in a daily portion of DHM. Sensitivity analysis showed that the cost of an HPP device had the most significant impact on pascalization expenses. ConclusionsHPP is a potentially more beneficial method of DHM preservation than HoP, but it is also about 7 times more expensive. Because of high pascalization costs, the cost-effectiveness analysis based on clinically significant endpoints will play an important role in decision making regarding the implementation of HPP into clinical practice of human milk banking.

The Identification of Characteristic Macro- and Micronutrients and the Bioactive Components of Indonesian Local Brown Rice as a Functional Feed in Obesity Nutrition Therapy

Background: Public interest and awareness of the use of functional food as an obesity nutrition therapy are increasing. Objective: This study aims to analyze the content of energy, macronutrients, minerals (magnesium, manganese, and potassium), and bioactive components (fiber, β-glucan) in Indonesian varieties of brown rice compared to white rice, to provide precise information on the nutritional content of brown rice as a functional food in obesity nutrition therapy. Methods: This research took the form of a laboratory analysis to identify the content of energy, macronutrients, fiber, β-glucan, magnesium, manganese, and potassium in brown rice varieties Sinta Nur. The energy content of rice was analyzed using bomb calorimetry; macronutrients were analyzed by spectrophotometry, gravimetric extraction, and acid-base titration; dietary fiber, and β-glucan were analyzed by enzymatic methods; and mineral contents were analyzed by spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The results demonstrated that the energy and macronutrient content of brown rice are higher than white rice. However, brown rice also has dietary fiber and β-glucan contents that are 5 times higher than white rice. For the macronutrient, in brief, magnesium content was 7.7 times higher, potassium was 5.7 times higher, and manganese was 1.59 times higher within the brown rice. Cooked rice is known for lower nutritional value, but the nutritional value of Indonesian brown rice is still higher than white rice. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that brown rice has nutrient content and bioactive components that allegedly contribute to higher obesity intervention than white rice.

Identification and quantification of the bioactive components in Osmanthus fragrans roots by HPLC-MS/MS

The roots of O. fragrans are also a valuable resource in addition to its flowers and fruits. In this study, the HPLC-MS/MS method used for analyzing the chemical constituents in O. fragrans roots extract was developed, which showed high sensitivity for both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Thirty-two compounds were first discovered in O. fragrans roots, one compound of which was reported for the first time. The simultaneous determination method for acteoside, isoacteoside, oleuropein and phillyrin was validated to be sensitive and accurate. Then it was applied to determine the content of bioactive components in O. fragrans roots from different cultivars. The content of oleuropein and phillyrin in the twelve batches was relatively stable, while the content of acteoside and isoacteoside varied greatly. Moreover, the therapeutic material basis and mechanism of O. fragrans roots exerting its traditional pharmacodynamics were analyzed by network pharmacology. The results showed that O. fragrans roots might be effective for the treatment of inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, which is consistent with the traditional pharmacodynamics of O. fragrans roots. This work can provide an analytical method for the comprehensive development of O. fragrans roots.

Antioxidant potential of Eclipta alba, a traditional medicinal herb attenuates oxidative DNA damage in vitro

Abstract. Purushothaman A, Ganesh A, Meenatchi P, Sundaram R, Venkataramanan. 2020. Antioxidant potential of Eclipta alba, a traditional medicinal herb attenuates oxidative DNA damage in vitro. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 73-78. The plant Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. is an important plant used in the traditional Ayurvedic, Unani systems of holistic health and herbal medicine of the East. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and DNA damage protection activities of ethanolic extract of E. alba. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content (TPC) and identification of bioactive components using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was performed to provide scientific basis for traditional usage of this plant. To investigate the antioxidant potential, extracts were tested for their capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Superoxide radicals (O2•-). DNA damage protective activity of ethanol extract of E. alba was checked on pBluescript M13+ plasmid DNA. The Plasmid DNA was oxidized with H2O2 + UV treatment in the absence and presence of different concentrations of E. alba extract (75, 150, and 300 μg/mL). Electrophoresis was performed using 1% agarose at 40 V for 3 h in the presence of ethidium bromide. Gel was scanned on a Gel documentation system. Bands on the gels corresponding to supercoiled circular, circular relaxed, and linearized DNA were quantified. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening of E. alba extract showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. The extract was found to have rich phenolics content of 26.38 ± 2.45 milligram of gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE/g). The extract exhibited excellent antioxidant activities. GC-MS analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of major active principles. Furthermore, the extract significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Altogether, the results of current study revealed that E. alba is a potential source of antioxidants and provides pharmacological credibility to the ethnomedicinal use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, also justifying its therapeutic application in oxidative damage induced diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

Ozonation as a Method of Abiotic Elicitation Improving the Health-Promoting Properties of Plant Products-A Review.

In this review, the primary objective was to systematize knowledge about the possibility of improving the health-promoting properties of raw plant products, defined as an increase in the content of bioactive compounds, by using ozone. The greatest attention has been paid to the postharvest treatment of plant raw materials with ozone because of its widespread use. The effect of this treatment on the health-promoting properties depends on the following different factors: type and variety of the fruit or vegetable, form and method of ozone treatment, and dosage of ozone. It seems that ozone applied in the form of ozonated water works more gently than in gaseous form. Relatively high concentration and long contact time used simultaneously might result in increased oxidative stress which leads to the degradation of quality. The majority of the literature demonstrates the degradation of vitamin C and deterioration of color after treatment with ozone. Unfortunately, it is not clear if ozone can be used as an elicitor to improve the quality of the raw material. Most sources prove that the best results in increasing the content of bioactive components can be obtained by applying ozone at a relatively low concentration for a short time immediately after harvest.