Β-cryptoxanthin Contents Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of the β-Cryptoxanthin Content of Various Citrus Cultivars in Jeju, Korea

Comparative Analysis of the β-Cryptoxanthin Content of Various Citrus Cultivars in Jeju, Korea

High-Pressure Processing of Fruit Smoothies Enriched with Dietary Fiber from Carrot Discards: Effects on the Contents and Bioaccessibilities of Carotenoids and Vitamin E.

The effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) (450 MPa/600 MPa/3 min) on the carotenoid and vitamin E contents of smoothies made from strawberry, orange juice, banana and apple, and the same smoothies enriched with dietary fiber from discarded carrots were compared. The contents and bioaccessibilities of these compounds were also evaluated over the course of 28 days at 4 °C. The application of HPP in the formulations significantly increased the contents of β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene and retained the contents of lutein, zeaxanthin and vitamin E compared to untreated samples. A decreasing trend in the content of each compound was observed with an increase in storage time. The application of HPP initially led to reductions in the bioaccessibility of individual compounds. However, overall, during storage, there was an increase in bioaccessibility. This suggests that HPP influences cell structure, favoring compound release and micelle formation. HPP is a sustainable method that preserves or enhances carotenoid extractability in ready-to-drink fruit beverages. Furthermore, the incorporation of dietary fiber from carrot processing discards supports circular economy practices and enhances the health potential of the product.

Cytochrome P450 CitCYP97B modulates carotenoid accumulation diversity by hydroxylating β-cryptoxanthin in Citrus

Carotenoids in plant foods provide health benefits by functioning as provitamin A. One of the vital provitamin A carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin, is typically plentiful in citrus fruit. However, little is known about the genetic basis of β-cryptoxanthin accumulation in citrus. Here, we performed a widely targeted metabolomic analysis of 65 major carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives to characterize carotenoid accumulation in Citrus and determine the taxonomic profile of β-cryptoxanthin. We used data from 81 newly sequenced representative accessions and 69 previously sequenced Citrus cultivars to reveal the genetic basis of β-cryptoxanthin accumulation through a genome-wide association study. We identified a causal gene, CitCYP97B, which encodes a cytochrome P450 protein whose substrate and metabolic pathways in land plants were undetermined. We subsequently demonstrated that CitCYP97B functions as a novel monooxygenase that specifically hydroxylates the β-ring of β-cryptoxanthin in a heterologous expression system. In planta experiments provided further evidence that CitCYP97B negatively regulates β-cryptoxanthin content. Using the sequenced Citrus accessions, we found that two critical structural cis-element variations contribute to increased expression of CitCYP97B, thereby altering β-cryptoxanthin accumulation in fruit. Hybridization/introgression appear to have contributed to the prevalence of two cis-element variations in different Citrus types during citrus evolution. Overall, these findings extend our understanding of the regulation and diversity of carotenoid metabolism in fruit crops and provide a genetic target for production of β-cryptoxanthin-biofortified products.

Imidazole as chemical stimulant induces the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin in Dunaliella tertiolecta

β-cryptoxanthin is the most commercially valuable carotenoid, which is scarce in nature and expensive to synthesize. In view of this, a facile and efficient approach to promote the massive accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin in Dunaliella tertiolecta with imidazole was proposed in this study. The results showed that imidazole significantly reduced the biomass, chlorophyll content and total carotenoid content of D. tertiolecta, but greatly increased the content of β-cryptoxanthin in a short time (4 days). Furthermore, the treatment of imidazole combined with different light intensities could further promote the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin. The combined treatment of 500 ppm imidazole and 8000 lx light intensity for 4 days is most conducive to the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin in D. tertiolecta, resulting in total and single-cell contents of 0.079 μg/mL and 0.015 μg/107 cells, respectively. In addition, the increase in the transcription levels of DtBHY and DtZEP under imidazole treatment may be the underlying cause of the massive accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin in D. tertiolecta. These results demonstrate that imidazole is an effective chemical inducer for β–cryptoxanthin production in D. tertiolecta, which provides valuable information and insights for enhancing β-cryptoxanthin accumulation in microalgae and plants.

Antioxidant Interactions between Citrus Fruit Carotenoids and Ascorbic Acid in New Models of Animal Cell Membranes.

The regular consumption of citrus fruits by humans has been associated with lower incidence of chronic-degenerative diseases, especially those mediated by free radicals. Most of the health-promoting properties of citrus fruits derive from their antioxidant content of carotenoids and ascorbic acid (ASC). In the current work we have investigated the scavenging (against hydroxyl radical) and quenching capacities (against singlet oxygen) of four different carotenoid extracts of citrus fruits in the presence or absence of ASC (μM range) in organic solvent, aqueous solution, micelles and in an innovative biomimicking liposomal system of animal cell membrane (AML). The fruits of four varieties of citrus were selected for their distinctive carotenoid composition (liquid chromatography characterization): 'Nadorcott' mandarin and the sweet oranges 'Valencia late', 'Ruby Valencia' and 'Pinalate' mutant. The quenching activity of citrus carotenoids strongly depended on the biological assemblage: freely diffusible in organic solvent, 'Ruby Valencia' carotenoids (containing lycopene) showed the highest quenching activity, whereas 'Nadorcott' mandarin extracts, rich in β-cryptoxanthin, prevailed in micellar systems. Interestingly, the addition of 10 μM ASC significantly increased the quenching activity of all citrus extracts in micelles: 'Valencia' orange (+53%), 'Pinalate' (+87%), 'Ruby' (4-fold higher) and 'Nadorcott' mandarins (+20%). Accurate C11-BODIPY581/591 fluorescence assays showed solid scavenging activities of all citrus extracts against AML oxidation: 'Valencia' (-61%), 'Pinalate' (-58%) and 'Ruby' oranges (-29%), and 'Nadorcott' mandarins (-70%). Indeed, all four citrus extracts tested here have balanced antioxidant properties; extracts from the 'Nadorcott' mandarin slightly prevailed overall, due, at least in part, to its high content of β-cryptoxanthin. This study depicts some of the antioxidant interactions between citrus fruit carotenoids and ascorbic acid in models of animal cell membranes and reinforces the contribution of them in promoting health benefits for humans.

Carotenoid and transcriptome profiles of a novel citrus cultivar ‘Jinlegan’ reveal mechanisms of yellowish fruit formation

Citrus fruit coloration is one of the vital quality traits that is determined primarily by the composition and content of carotenoids. Natural citrus fruit pigment mutants are available to study diverse and complex carotenoid metabolism. Here, ‘Jinlegan’ (MT) tangor is a spontaneous bud mutant derived from ‘Shiranuhi’ (WT) with distinctive bright yellow fruit. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the yellowish MT flavedo and pulp were primarily caused by the decrease in total carotenoid content. The total carotenoid content in MT flavedo was reduced by 75% (79.98 μg/g DW) compared with that in WT (318.40 μg/g DW), including approximately 84%, 80%, and 60% reductions in the contents of β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin, respectively. The total carotenoid content in MT pulp was 60% lower (10.09 μg/g DW) than that in WT pulp (26.61 μg/g DW), which was mainly due to a 70% and 30% decrease in the contents of β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, respectively. To explore the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid variation in MT, RNA-seq analyses were performed on the flavedo and pulp of WT and MT at five developmental stages. The reduced expression of phytoene synthase (CrPSY) and β-carotenehydroxylase 1 (CrBCH1) in the flavedo and pulp of MT at the breaker stage might be the major cause of the reduction in carotenoids. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further identified 23 key transcription factors that are closely associated with carotenoid accumulation. This study demonstrated a comprehensive picture of the metabolic and transcriptional alterations of a unique yellowish citrus fruit mutant, which provides new insights into the molecular regulation of carotenoid accumulation in citrus fruit.

Characterization and functional validation of β-carotene hydroxylase AcBCH genes in Actinidia chinensis.

Carotenoids are the pigment substances of yellow-fleshed kiwifruit, and among them β-cryptoxanthin has only been detected in the brighter yellow-fleshed variety ‘Jinshi 1’. β-Carotene hydroxylase (BCH) catalyzes the formation of β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, but its molecular characteristics and functions have not been fully explained. Here we isolated two β-carotene hydroxylase genes, AcBCH1 and AcBCH2 from kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis), and their relative expression levels exhibited a close correlation with the content of β-cryptoxanthin. AcBCH1 catalyzed the formation of β-cryptoxanthin when transformed into β-carotene-accumulating yeast cells. Moreover, silenced expression of AcBCH1 in kiwifruit caused decreases in the contents of zeaxanthin, lutein, and β-cryptoxanthin, and an increase in β-carotene content. The content of β-carotene decreased significantly after the AcBCH1/2 genes were overexpressed in tomato. The content of zeaxanthin increased and β-carotene decreased in transgenic kiwifruit seedlings. The results will enrich our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in kiwifruit.

Nutritional valuation and food safety of endemic mediterranean halophytes species cultivated in abandoned salt pans under a natural irrigation scheme

Recent global changes have contributed to water scarcity and land degradation, urging for the development of alternative solutions in agriculture. Halophytes biosaline agriculture has been viewed in the past decades as a potential alternative to traditional agriculture practices in degraded lands and salinized soils. Abandoned salt pans provide ideal areas for halophyte cultivation, such as Halimione portulacoides (sea purslane), Sarcocornia fruticosa (shrubby swampfire), Atriplex halimus (sea orache), Beta maritima (sea beet), Inula crithmoides (golden samphire) and Suaeda vera (shrubby seablite). The use of a natural irrigation scheme with estuarine water for food production is a rather novel practice in the Mediterranean area. In the present work, we evaluate the nutritional value of these six halophytes cultivated in abandoned salt pans, irrigated with natural estuarine water. The halophytes produced under this cultivation scheme resulted in vegetable products with a high nutritional value. These edible halophyte presented low sugar content and high protein, omega-3 fatty acids and β-cryptoxanthin contents, together with a valuable source of highly concentrated phenolic and flavonoid anti-oxidant molecules. Moreover, these halophytes provide several mineral elements which are normally scarce in modern human diets (e.g. iodine and selenium), and very low concentrations, below the maximum thresholds, of carcinogenic elements. When compared to traditional vegetables, such as spinach, halophytes presented a high nutritional value, reinforcing the application of these cultivation schemes as means to attain highly nutritive alternative vegetable sources for a healthier human diet.

Allelic composition of carotenoid metabolic genes in 13 founders influences carotenoid composition in juice sac tissues of fruits among Japanese citrus breeding population.

To enrich carotenoids, especially β-cryptoxanthin, in juice sac tissues of fruits via molecular breeding in citrus, allele mining was utilized to dissect allelic variation of carotenoid metabolic genes and identify an optimum allele on the target loci characterized by expression quantitative trait (eQTL) analysis. SNPs of target carotenoid metabolic genes in 13 founders of the Japanese citrus breeding population were explored using the SureSelect target enrichment method. An independent allele was determined based on the presence or absence of reliable SNPs, using trio analysis to confirm inheritability between parent and offspring. Among the 13 founders, there were 7 PSY alleles, 7 HYb alleles, 11 ZEP alleles, 5 NCED alleles, and 4 alleles for the eQTL that control the transcription levels of PDS and ZDS among the ancestral species, indicating that some founders acquired those alleles from them. The carotenoid composition data of 263 breeding pedigrees in juice sac tissues revealed that the phenotypic variance of carotenoid composition was similar to that in the 13 founders, whereas the mean of total carotenoid content increased. This increase in total carotenoid content correlated with the increase in either or both β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin in juice sac tissues. Bayesian statistical analysis between allelic composition of target genes and carotenoid composition in 263 breeding pedigrees indicated that PSY-a and ZEP-e alleles at PSY and ZEP loci had strong positive effects on increasing the total carotenoid content, including β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin, in juice sac tissues. Moreover, the pyramiding of these alleles also increased the β-cryptoxanthin content. Interestingly, the offset interaction between the alleles with increasing and decreasing effects on carotenoid content and the epistatic interaction among carotenoid metabolic genes were observed and these interactions complexed carotenoid profiles in breeding population. These results revealed that allele composition would highly influence the carotenoid composition in citrus fruits. The allelic genotype information for the examined carotenoid metabolic genes in major citrus varieties and the trio-tagged SNPs to discriminate the optimum alleles (PSY-a and ZEP-e) from the rest would promise citrus breeders carotenoid enrichment in fruit via molecular breeding.

Effect of the Combination of Mulching Cultivation and Pretreatment on β-Cryptoxanthin Content in Satsuma Mandarin Fruit after Long-term Storage

Effect of the Combination of Mulching Cultivation and Pretreatment on β-Cryptoxanthin Content in Satsuma Mandarin Fruit after Long-term Storage

Antioxidant capacity in fruit of Citrus cultivars with marked differences in pulp coloration: Contribution of carotenoids and vitamin C.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specific contribution of carotenoids and vitamin C to the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity, respectively, of the pulp of citrus fruits using the genetic diversity in pigmentation and in the carotenoid complement. To this end, six citrus varieties were selected: two mandarins, Clemenules (Citrus clementina) and Nadorcott (C. reticulata); two grapefruits (C. paradisi), Marsh and Star Ruby; and two sweet oranges (C. sinensis), Valencia late and Valencia Ruby. Total carotenoid content and composition in the pulp of fruits were very different, in relation to their color singularities. Valencia Ruby and Nadorcott had the highest carotenoid content, accumulating the former large amounts of linear carotenes (phytoene, phytofluene, and lycopene) and Nadorcott of β-cryptoxanthin. Orange fruits contained the highest amount of vitamin C while in Nadorcott mandarin it was substantially lower. Analysis of antioxidant capacity, evaluated by 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, in the pulp of the different fruit varieties indicated a high and positive correlation between vitamin C content and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, a weak correlation was observed between carotenoids content and lipophilic antioxidant capacity in the pulp extracts assayed by ABTS. Overall, vitamin C in the pulp of citrus fruit had an important contribution to the hydrophilic antioxidant capacity, whereas that of carotenoids to lipophilic antioxidant capacity was very variable, being the highest that of Valencia Ruby orange, with large concentrations of lycopene and phytoene, followed by Nadorcott mandarin, with high β-cryptoxanthin content.

Bell Peppers Provide Consistent β-cryptoxanthin Content Independent of Organic Status, Fresh, or Cooked, North American Country of Origin and Season

Abstract Objectives The carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin is a natural pigment that is both an antioxidant and a precursor to retinol. Research supports that β-cryptoxanthin has greater bioavailability than β-carotene in humans. Red bell peppers have more than double the amount of β-cryptoxanthin than any of the top seven consumed vegetables, as ranked by the USDA. To determine if the amounts of β-cryptoxanthin in bell peppers are dependent upon the organic status, color, cooking, season or location that the fruit was grown within North America, β-cryptoxanthin was measured and compared in green, red and yellow bell peppers. Methods An assortment of bell peppers were purchased in the greater Denver, CO region. Green, red and yellow peppers; organic and non-organic; and peppers grown in Canada, the US and Mexico during two different seasons were selected for analysis. The effects of lightly sautéing compared to fresh peppers and season of growth were compared. Samples (100 mg/1 mL) were freeze-dried, then prepared by liquid-liquid extraction for untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis. An accurate mass and retention time (AMRT) database was used to identify and quantify β-cryptoxanthin. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between β-cryptoxanthin and pepper qualities. Results β-cryptoxanthin concentration was significantly higher in red bell peppers compared to green (11.8-fold) and yellow peppers (7.1-fold) (P = 1.624e-11). β-cryptoxanthin concentration does not appear to be influenced by organic status, season or geographic location. Likewise, the cooked peppers were similar in β-cryptoxanthin content compared to their fresh counterparts. Conclusions Our results suggest that the consumption of bell peppers as a source of β-cryptoxanthin is consistent across organic status, fresh, cooked, season and the location in which they were grown. While β-cryptoxanthin concentration in significantly higher in red bell peppers, more research is necessary in order to determine whether these differences result in any altered health outcomes. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

Chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways: Gene expression and pigment content in broccoli during yellowing

Broccoli undergoes yellowing in unfavorable conditions, thereby diminishing the sensory quality and commodity value. This study aimed to investigate systematically cellular and/or biomolecular changes involved in broccoli yellowing by analyzing changes in microstructural integrity, pigment content, and gene expression. On day-5 of storage at 20 °C, the buds turned yellow without blooming and showed structural damage; ultrastructural analysis revealed plastid transformation and abnormal chloroplast development. Genes regulating pigment content and chloroplast structure directly were identified. More specifically, BoCAO and BoNYC1 regulated chlorophyll turnover, affecting chlorophyll a and b contents. Changes in the β-cryptoxanthin content were influenced by the combined action of up- (BoHYD) and downstream (BoZEP) genes. BoZEP and BoVDE were activated after cold-temperature induction. High BoHO1 expression delayed yellowing at low temperature, inducing BoZEP expression. Color intensity correlated significantly with the chlorophyll b, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene contents, which were associated with increased yellowing of plant tissues.

Accumulation of carotenoids in a novel citrus cultivar 'Seinannohikari' during the fruit maturation

In the present study, carotenoid metabolism was investigated in the fruits of a novel citrus cultivar, 'Seinannohikari' (Citrus spp.). During the maturation, β,β-xanthophylls were accumulated rapidly with β-cryptoxanthin being the dominant carotenoid compound in the flavedo and juice sacs of 'Seinannohikari'. In the juice sacs of mature fruits, 'Seinannohikari' accumulated high amount of carotenoids, especially β-cryptoxanthin. The content of β-cryptoxanthin in the juice sacs of 'Seinannohikari' was approximately 2.5 times of that in 'Miyagawa-wase' (Citrus unshiu), which is one of its parental cultivars, at the mature stage. Gene expression results showed that the massive accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin might be attributed to the higher expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb2, CitHYb, and CitZEP), and lower expression of carotenoid catabolic genes (CitNCED2 and CitNCED3) in the juice sacs of 'Seinannohikari'.

Influence of Agricultural Management on Phytochemicals of Colored Corn Genotypes ( Zea mays L.). Part 1: Nitrogen Fertilization.

In this study, the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization (170 versus 300 kg of N/ha) on the content of bioactive compounds of whole-meal flour of 10 different colored corn genotypes was investigated. Considerable differences in antioxidant capacity and phytochemical concentrations were observed among genotypes. Higher N fertilization rates significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the content of both total cell-wall-bound phenolics and xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin). Nevertheless, the main phenolic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric, and sinapic acids) as well as the antioxidant capacity and content of β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and total anthocyanins did not show significant differences as far as the N fertilization rate is concerned. For corn cultivation, the application of high N fertilization rates, generally carried out to obtain higher grain yields, could positively influence the content of some bioactives particularly in years characterized by high rainfall levels responsible for N leaching from the soil.

Influence of ethylene and ethephon treatments on the peel color and carotenoids of Gannan Newhall navel orange during postharvest storage

Gannan Newhall navel orange was treated by ethylene and ethephon separately. The color of Gannan Newhall navel orange peel was influenced significantly by ethylene and ethephon treatments. During postharvest storage, the ratio of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the peel reduced which led the peel color changing from green to yellow when treated by ethephon and to orange-red when treated by ethylene. Results of the CIELAB chroma system evaluation were consistent with sensory evaluation. Ethylene and ethephon treatments decreased β-carotene and lutein contents and increased β-cryptoxanthin content largely (converted β-carotene to β-cryptoxanthin) in citrus peel. Besides, ethylene and ethephon treatments could convert yellow violaxanthin to neoxanthin or zeaxanthin. In ethylene treatment, its peel color changing to orange-red due to β-cryptoxanthin converted to β-citraurin, which made Gannan Newhall navel orange exhibited the welcomed color (orange-red). It was desirable for citrus postharvest process. Practical applications The color of citrus fruit has become an important factor affecting fresh fruit price and market competitiveness. Studies have shown that citrus peel color is mainly affected by the content and proportion of chlorophylls and carotenoids. This study is aimed to illustrate the transformation of carotenoids and the mechanism of regulation of ethylene on the navel orange peel changing from green to orange-red. The results of this research could provide scientific supports for citrus's atmosphere controlled storage, which could produce added value.

The Analysis of β-cryptoxanthin and Zeaxanthin using HPLC in the Accumulation of Orange Color on Lowland Citrus

Citrus peel color is one of the main quality attributes which was caused by the accumulation of carotenoids and its derivatives, especially β-citraurine. It makes citrus peel color looks attractive (orange). The orange color is a mixture of β-cryptoxanthin with β-citraurin. The objectives of this study were (1) to observe the effect of precooling and duration of proper ethylene exposure in the formation of orange color on citrus peel, (2) to identify and determine the β-cryptoxanthin content and total chlorophyll on citrus peel. Citrus was from Tuban, East Java while the study was conducted at PKHT IPB and LIPI. Precooling and without precooling treatment prior to injection of 100 ppm of ethylene exposed at 15 °C, duration of exposure control (0), 24, and 48 hours. The results show that the best color of the Citrus Color Index (CCI) is the precooling treatment and the duration of ethylene exposure for 24 hours, which can reduce total chlorophyll content about 8 times and proved to increase β-cryptoxanthin pigment content five times in accelerating the formation of orange citrus reticulata peel color to bright orange. Degreening has no significant effect on total dissolved solids and the firmness level of citrus fruits.Keyword: β-cryptoxhantin; citrus; chlorophyll; degreening; ethylene zeaxanthin.

温州ミカン果汁の加熱処理、光照射、貯蔵における全カロテノイド及びβ-クリプトキサンチン含量の変化

温州ミカン果汁の加熱処理、光照射、貯蔵における全カロテノイド及びβ-クリプトキサンチン含量の変化

Papaya carotenoids increased in Oxisols soils

The papaya fruit is healthy for humans as it contains high levels of antioxidants and provitamin A due to high lycopene and β-carotenes contents, respectively. The carotenoids were determined from papayas grown in three different locations—Kamphaeng Saen (KS), Sisaket (SK), and Tha Mai (TM)—and also the study investigated whether the Oxisols soil was capable of increasing the carotenoids content in the papaya fruit. The lycopene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin contents were determined from four different ripening stages (mature green to fully ripe). Concomitantly, the transcript levels of five genes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis—phytoene desaturase (PDS), carotene desaturase (ZDS), lycopene-β-cyclase (LCY-B1 and LCY-B2), and β-carotene hydroxylase (B-CHX)—were investigated. Papayas grown at TM had the highest lycopene, which was supported by the high expression levels of PDS, ZDS and B-CHX and the lower expression levels of the two LCY-B genes; however the locations did not affect the fruit quality. The ‘Plak Mai Lai’ papaya was further investigated by being grown in one location but on two different soil types (Oxisols and Ultisols), to compare their carotenoids contents. Higher carotenoid contents were detected in the papaya grown in the Oxisols.

Mempelajari Ekstraksi Dan Stabilitas Total Karotenoid, Α dan Β Cryptoxanthin dalam Ekstrak Buah Merah (Pandanus Conoideus, Lamk

This aim of research was to find the optimum conditions for the extraction process of “buah merah” oil that produce optimum β-cryptoxanthin content. The treatments of extraction process are steaming at 80 0 C, autoclave at 121 0 C for 30 and 60 minutes respectely, and storing in refrigerator at -5 0 C for one night, then pressed and centrifugated. “Buah merah” oil produced from those treatments was tested for β-cryptoxanthin content. The “buah merah” oil with highest content of β-cryptoxanthin is conducted characteristics test based on water content, FFA, foreign matterial, PAHs and test for stability of total carotenoids, α and β cryptoxhantin of “buah merah” oil that stored in various conditions of temperature (4 0 C, 25 0 C, 35 0 C ), storage (dark and light using light flouresense lamp 10 W, type of packaging (brown glass bottle, soft capsules in PVC bottle), and extraction methods (traditional and modern). Observations was conducted every week.for 8 weeks The results showed that extraction process of “buah meraht”oil that produce of β-cryptoxanthin content with highest yield is extraction process using autoclave heating at 121° C for 1 hour that result 35% yield and 20.78% β-cryptoxanthin content. The type of packaging that resulted the best stability of consentration of total carotenoid α and β-cryptoxanthin in in the “buah merah” oil is packaging that use double package of capsule (primary packaging) and PVC bottle (secondary packaging) and store in dark condition with temperature of 4 ° C.