Content Validity Index Research Articles

Internal communication from a happiness management perspective: state-of-the-art and theoretical construction of a guide for its development

ObjectiveThis study aims to conduct a literature review and meta-analysis on the use of Happiness Management strategies in internal communication. The objective was to extract theoretical constructs of dimensions and indicators for the development of a guide for its application, validated by a panel of experts.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed under the protocol of the PRISMA Extension Guide of articles indexed in the Scopus database (2019–2024). The total number of extracted documents (n = 479) was screened based on the inclusion criteria, and the sample was delimited by 49 studies. Subsequently, after reading and analyzing the research, the dimensions and indicators of internal communication from a Happiness Management perspective were clustered. This guide was submitted to a panel of 13 experts who determined the reliability and validity of the construct and content using the Content Validity Index (CVI).ResultsThe dimensions and indicators emerging from the literature were validated with an average (X¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\overline{\\mathrm X}$$\\end{document}) of 3.36/4, achieving a level of inter-judge agreement (CVI) of 0.86, an excellent agreement of 86%, and an average score of 2.90/4 (high). The guide was composed of 9 dimensions of internal communication: Attitudes of the leader, employer or supervisor, Climate and communication policies, Feedback and recognition, Organizational environment and structures, Peer and informal communication, Organizational culture and business perspective, Employee-organization relationship, Communication media and platforms, and Employee attitudes, which brought together 103 variables. These dimensions were then reorganized into the three macro-dimensions of the Happiness Management philosophy: (1) active construction of a healthy work environment and well-being, (2) formation of employees’ positive personality, and (3) active emotional experience during the working day to build the internal communication development guide from the Happiness Management perspective.ConclusionsIntegrating Happiness Management into internal communication can significantly enhance employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. The validated framework provides a detailed guide for aligning internal communication strategies with the Happiness Management principles.

Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure educational agility: a psychometric assessment using exploratory factor analysis

BackgroundTo effectively navigate the growing complexities and rapid changes in today’s environment, universities must cultivate agility among their members. Over the past decade, students have encountered a variety of experiences related to E-Learning and the provision of educational services through electronic platforms. This study aimed to develop and validate a Questionnaire of Educational Agility (QEdu-Agility) to assess the capacity of educational institutions to adapt to these evolving demands.MethodThis survey research aimed to validate QEdu-Agility. The statistical sample consisted of 372 students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran, who had completed at least one academic year online during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Participants were selected using the Cochran formula. The initial questionnaire was based on three standard instruments related to organizational agility and adapted for educational contexts. After establishing face and content validity, the preliminary version was validated by a focus group of five educational experts, comprising 30 items across five dimensions: responsiveness, adequacy, flexibility, speed, and integrity, measured on a 5-point Likert scale. To confirm the construct validity, the questionnaire was randomly distributed to students via email. Data analysis was conducted using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation, employing SPSS 24 software.ResultsThe content validity was confirmed with Content Validity Ratio (CVR) = 0.847, Content Validity Index (CVI) = 0.877, and the reliability with internal consistency was confirmed with R = 0.944. The CVI sub-components for relevance, clarity, and simplicity were obtained as 0.867, 0.853, and 0.847, respectively. According to EFA, the sample adequacy was confirmed with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index = 0.928 and significant Bartlett’s test (P < 0.001). The total variance explained of the QEdu-Agility was about 60%. The first component of responsiveness accounted for 38.79% of the variance, followed by adequacy (7.99%), flexibility (5.17%), speed (3.91%), and integrity (3.57%) in subsequent components.ConclusionThe findings of the construct validity indicated a good fit of the QEdu-Agility. Given that the concept of agility is highly contingent on the context, this tool could be retested for measuring educational agility in educational organizations, such as universities.

A questionnaire study evaluating the completion and content of unlicensed medicines risk assessments in NHS Trusts

Abstract Introduction Unlicensed medicine (ULM) use is necessary and prevalent within the NHS. Compared to licensed medicines, there are no centralised assessments of safety, efficacy, and quality. The risks associated with using unlicensed medicines have been well documented: increased risk of adverse events, potentially poorer quality formulation and absence of regulated manufacturing and supply standards1. Therefore, there is a requirement for NHS organisations to risk assess the need and quality of unlicensed medicines to reduce harm2. There are currently minimal published data on whether NHS trusts complete these risk assessments and whether practice is standardised3. This study focuses on understanding how NHS trusts in England conduct Unlicensed Medicine Risk Assessments (ULMRA). Aim To determine whether there is variability in the completion, content, and volume of unlicensed medicines risk assessments for unlicensed medicines procured within NHS trusts. Methods An online and anonymous questionnaire was developed and distributed to procurement pharmacy professionals. The questionnaire assessed four key areas: quantity of ULMRA conducted; completion and content of ULMRA; completion of clinical ULMRA; and risk management and mitigation strategies for ULM. To increase response rates, potential respondents were contacted via regional procurement groups as well as the NHS Chief Pharmacist network. Approval for this study was granted by the NHS Health and Research Authority and the University of Reading Ethics Committee. Results Content validity was ensured by a panel of six secondary care pharmacy professionals, achieving a content validity index (CVI) of greater than 0.8 for each question. Thirty-seven responses were received, representing a 20% response rate. Most respondents (48.6%) were pharmacists, followed by pharmacy technicians (45.9%). The questionnaire revealed that 73% of respondents conducted quality and clinical risk assessments for all ULMs before use, and 94.4% had a ULM policy or procedure. Most respondents procured 1-3 ULMs per month, with some conducting over 12 ULMRA monthly. 97% specified procuring imported products licensed in the country of origin and 'Specials' from UK manufacturers, and 57% indicated they procure imported medicines not licensed in the country of origin. 68% of respondents indicated that quality checks were not completed upon receipt of ULMs. Discussion The study highlighted significant variation and duplication in the ULMRA processes across NHS trusts. Variations were identified in the content of ULMRA, professionals completing risk assessments and the volume of unlicensed medicines procured. While most trusts performed quality and clinical risk assessments, inconsistencies in practices and ULMRA content were evident. Standard methodologies for ULMRA and collaborative data sharing could improve reliability and efficiency, reducing patient risk and resource duplication. A limitation of this study is that the low response rate limits generalisability of data. Conclusion This study identified areas of variation within the NHS around the content and quantity of ULMRA completed, as well as some areas of duplication, particularly in the medicines risk assessed. Future research should explore the reasons for variation identified and evaluate the acceptability of current risks. Addressing these variations could lead to improved patient safety and optimised use of NHS resources.

Adaptation of the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen Scale into Turkish and examination of its psychometric properties: a validity and reliability study

Objective. Management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is quite challenging for both adolescents and their families. In this study, we aimed to translate the 14-item Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen (PAID-T) scale, which measures variables that influence diabetes distress, to Turkish and investigate the Turkish version’s reliability and validity. Methods. One hundred and ninety-four adolescents with T1DM participated in the study. PAID-T and forms for sociodemographic and diabetes characteristics were used for data collection. The scale’s content validity was checked using the Davis technique. Cronbach’s α was used to analyze the scale’s internal reliability and the test-retest for the scale’s reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was utilized to examine the factor structure. The fit of the scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results. Of the participants, 54.6% (n=106) were girls. The content validity index values of the scale items ranged between 0.86 and 1.0. The PAID-T scores of girls and boys were similar. No significant difference was found between PAID-T scores with sociodemographic data and diabetes characteristics (p&gt;0.05). The test-retest correlation coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.952. The three-factor (emotional burden, family and friend distress, and regimen-specific distress) model identified in EFA explained 61.8% of the common variance. Fit analysis was performed using CFA for the three-factor model, which did not show adequate fit (x2/df = 2.402, GFI = 0.822, CFI = 0.815, NFI = 0.727, NNFI = 0.772, RMSEA = 0.118). The Cronbach α value of the scale was 0.864. Conclusion. The Turkish version of the 14-item PAID-T showed moderate validity and strong reliability. Accordingly, it can be used as a reliable measurement tool to assess diabetes stress in adolescents with T1DM.

Development and validation of a measurement tool to assess student perceptions of using real patients in physical therapy education at the Rocky Mountain University, the United States: a methodological study.

This study aimed to develop and validate the Student Perceptions of Real Patient Use in Physical Therapy Education (SPRP-PTE) survey to assess physical therapy student (SPT) perceptions regarding real patient use in didactic education. This cross-sectional observational study developed a 48-item survey and tested the survey on 130 SPTs. Face and content validity were determined by an expert review and Content Validity Index (CVI). Construct validity and internal consistency reliability were determined via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's Alpha. Three main constructs were identified (Value, Satisfaction, and Confidence), each having 4 subconstruct components (Overall, Cognitive, Psychomotor, and Affective Learning). Expert review demonstrated adequate face and content validity (CVI = 96%). The initial EFA of the 48-item survey revealed items with inconsistent loadings and low correlations, leading to the removal of 18 items. An EFA of the 30-item survey demonstrated 1-factor loadings of all survey constructs except Satisfaction and the entire survey. All constructs had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.85). The SPRP-PTE survey provides a reliable and valid way to assess student perceptions of real patient use. Future studies are encouraged to validate the SPRP-PTE survey further.

Effect of Project Based Learning Method on Students ‘Academic Performance in Mathematics Subject in Rwanda

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of project-based learning (PBL) on students’ academic performance in mathematics at TTC Muhanga, located in Muhanga District, Southern Province. Methodology: A descriptive research design was employed, involving 889 participants, including 273 student teachers, 23 teachers, 1 dean, and 1 principal. The study ensured reliability through test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha methods, while content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Data were gathered through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using SPSS. Findings: The findings reveal a generally positive perception of PBL practices. Collaborative projects were particularly well received, with 73.9% of teachers agreeing that they enhance communication (mean score: 4.61). Hands-on activities were also endorsed by 69.56% of participants (mean score: 4.48), while technology integration received less consensus, with 60.87% agreeing on its effectiveness (mean score: 4.30). Reflection and presentation skills were highlighted as especially impactful, with 78.26% of respondents strongly agreeing (mean score: 4.65). The study further demonstrates that both collaboration (r = .904, β = .500) and technology use (r = .677, β = .553) significantly contribute to increased student engagement and improved academic performance. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing technology integration within PBL, promoting continuous professional development for teachers, emphasizing the importance of collaboration in PBL activities, and increasing opportunities for students to engage in reflection and develop presentation skills.

Development and validation of a questionnaire on radiation protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Moroccan dentists.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of dentists' radiation protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices (DRP-KAPs) questionnaire. This study was conducted using a stepwise approach. In the first step, items were generated to determine the relevant content and domains after a thorough literature review. In the second step, the content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by seven experts using face and content validity. The content validity index for relevance and clarity (I-CVI, S-CVI/Av, and S-CVI/UA) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were performed. Then, the questionnaire was pre-tested with 10 dentists for face validation. In the third step, reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest (Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) methods by filling out the questionnaire by 100 dentists practicing in the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region, in Morocco. The finalized DRP-KAPs questionnaire contains 41 items covering knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs). The I-CVIs, S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/AV and CVR values of the 41 items were ≥0.86 for each item, ≥0.82, ≥0.97, and ≥0.71, respectively. With regard to internal consistency reliability, the KR-20 coefficients for the knowledge and practice domains were 0.70 and 0.68, respectively, and the Cronbach alpha for the attitude domain was 0.73. The DRP-KAPs questionnaire has good reliability with the ICC coefficients for attitude items ranging from 0.57 to 0.95 and Kappa coefficients for knowledge and practice items ranging from 0.64 to 1 and 0.77 to 1, respectively. The developed DRP-KAPs questionnaire was found to be a noteworthy tool for assessing radiation protection among dentists, with acceptable internal consistency, good ICC and Kappa coefficients, and good content validity indices.

Validity and reliability of the TechPH scale in assessing Iranian older adults’ attitudes toward technology

Background and aimGiven the rapid technological advancements and increased usage of digital tools, understanding older people's attitudes toward technology is vital. Assessing their views can help identify barriers and facilitators to adoption. This understanding is essential for developing effective educational strategies and user-friendly technologies that enhance seniors' quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the scale for measuring attitudes—both willingness and anxiety—toward technology (TechPH) in Iranian older adults.MethodsThis methodological study was conducted on 420 older individuals (aged 60 and above) in Tehran in 2024 to perform a psychometric test of the attitudes toward technology scale (TechPH). Validation was carried out using translation validity methods, including translation-back translation with bilingual experts (n = 2), face validity with a sample of the older population (n = 10), content validity with a panel of 11 experts, and construct validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (n = 420). Instrument reliability was determined through test–retest and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) methods with a sample of older individuals (n = 30). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 and EQS 6.4 software.ResultsA comparison of Persian and English translations revealed acceptable translation validity and cultural adaptability for the scale. Each item's Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were determined, with a total average CVI of 0.95. The results of EFA indicated that the sample size was adequate, as shown by the KMO value of 0.754. Additionally, Bartlett's sphericity test demonstrated a significant correlation between the items (χ2 = 221.819, df = 15, P < 0.0001). EFA revealed that two extracted factors explained 41.002% and 18.111% of the total variance. Furthermore, CFA yielded suitable estimates based on the general fit indices of the model (RMSEA = 0.061, IFI = 0.979, GFI = 0.983, CFI = 0.978, CMIN/DF = 1.769, MFI = 0.989, AGFI = 0.942). In evaluating test–retest stability and internal consistency, the values of the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's α were 0.85 and 0.77, respectively, indicating appropriate reliability for the scale.ConclusionP.TechPH, the first Persian version of the scale for measuring technophilia and technophobia among Iranian older people, has favorable psychometric properties. It can serve as a standard tool for assessing older people’s attitudes toward technology in various studies.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Implementation Leadership Scale in the context of nurses.

The implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in healthcare is of critical importance, and nursing leadership plays a significant role in this process; however, there is a lack of validated instruments to measure the effectiveness of implementation leadership for EBPs. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) within the context of nursing. Data were obtained through a cross-sectional study. The original ILS was first translated into Turkish and then back into English. The scale was administered to 343 nurses working in a training and research hospital in Türkiye. Content validity was assessed with input from 10 experts. The data set was randomly divided into two subsamples to evaluate the construct validity of the ILS. Exploratory factor analyse (EFA) was conducted in sub-sample 1 (n = 172) and Confirmatory factor analyse (CFA) was conducted in sub-sample 2 (n = 171). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha values, test-retest reliability, item-total statistics, and split-half reliability. The content validity index was calculated to be 0.96, indicating high validity. EFA revealed that the scale consists of four factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, and these factors together explained a high proportion of the total variance (77.10%). Confirmatory factor analysis results (χ2 / df = 1.29; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.94; AGFI = 0.91; NFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.04) confirmed that the Turkish version of the ILS maintains the original four-factor structure (Proactive, Knowledgeable, Supportive, and Perseverant leadership). Cronbach's alpha values (0.80-0.88) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) (0.78-0.86) were found to be high. Item-total correlations (0.38-0.63) and the Spearman-Brown coefficient (0.75) were above acceptable levels. The findings suggest that the Turkish version of the ILS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing implementation leadership in evidence-based practice (EBP) among nurses. This version of the ILS could contribute to further research on implementation leadership in Türkiye, international comparisons of EBP leadership, and the development of EBP practices.

A cross-sectional assessment of clinical photography knowledge among dental students in Malaysia.

Dental photography is gaining popularity in contemporary dentistry, but its knowledge was unregulated in most dental schools' curriculum. The study aims to evaluate the level of photography practice and knowledge among dental students in Malaysia, acting as a baseline to include dental photography as a subject in the current curriculum. A series of questions were designed and validated by experts with a content validity index of 0.84. Questionnaires were distributed to the dental students with varied years of clinical experience. The level of knowledge was categorised into poor, weak, subpar, average, good and excellent. The common photography practice and courses attended were also tabulated. Among the 344 respondents, the most commonly used equipment was phone cameras (70.66%), whereas only 16.09% used digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. The majority of dental students did not attend any photography-related courses (69.48%). Based on the level of photography knowledge, dental students mostly scored 'subpar' (25.84%), with no statistically significant differences between the years of clinical experience (p = 0.236). Therefore, proper and comprehensive dental photography courses should be imparted in the current curriculum to improve students' skills and knowledge.

Development Digital Maturity Attributes Based on Higher Education Business Processes

Transformation in the digital aspect is a crucial part of the higher education development in digital age transformation. The oject of this study is to identify the transformation of digital maturity requirements in universities as higher education institutions from Indonesia, which will later be used as criteria for forming a digital maturity model. The research method is mixed, involving both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The type of research applied is the Exploratory Sequential Design, where the data is collected and analyzed with the qualitative method, then follows up the results with a quantitative one to explore a phenomenon. The content validity index applied in this study is used to validate digital maturity requirements. It has been applied to various digital technology companies, government policies in higher education systems, and management applied to multiple universities. The results can guide universities in navigating digital transformation in their institutions. This study highlights that previously proposed digital maturity models need to sufficiently consider the business processes of higher education and the need for security and privacy dimensions, which have not been extensively discussed in the literature.

Validation of Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for High School Students

Background: Nutrition literacy is the individuals' motivation and ability to obtain, process, and understand nutrition information and the skills needed in order to make appropriate nutrition decisions. The present study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Chongqing Middle School Nutrition Literacy Scale (CM-NLS). Methods: The CM-NLS questionnaire was translated into Farsi and then back-translated, and its face validity and quantitative and qualitative content validity were investigated in a descriptive-cross-sectional study. This review was conducted using the opinions of expert faculty members. Besides, the Persian version was tested in a sample of 400 students of the first grade of high school in Bandar Anzali city. For this purpose, two schools were randomly selected and sampled using census method. Cronbach's alpha test method was used to examine reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity (RMSEA=0.062). Results: In checking face validity, changes were made in the questionnaire, and some items were removed in content validity evaluation by calculating content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). In reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.74 for functional literacy, 0.82 for interactive literacy, and 0.84 for critical literacy. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to measure the construct validity. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, the CM-NLS questionnaire with 33 items, is a valid and reliable tool and can be used to measure the nutrition literacy of high school students.

Psychometric Measurements of the Adherence to Refills and Medication Scales Among Patients With HIV/AIDS in Indonesia

ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) among patients with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia. MethodsPsychometric analysis was conducted at 2 hospitals and 7 public health centers at the voluntary counseling and testing clinic. Content validity was measured by assessing the relevance and clarity of each ARMS item. Construct validity was also assessed. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. ResultsThis study involved 11 experts in the assessment of the content validity and 240 participants in the estimation of the construct validity. All ARMS items were generally considered easy to understand and relevant, with scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.9 (>0.78) and item-level content validity index (I-CVI) in the range from 0.5 to 1 for the relevance level and S-CVI/Ave of 0.95 (>0.78) and I-CVI in the range from 0.8 to 1 for the clarity level. Two items (numbers 2 and 3) were revised based on experts’ suggestions to enhance comprehension. Confirmatory factor analysis supported 2 subscales: adherence to taking medications and adherence to refilling prescriptions. Good reliability was supported by internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.793) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.722) for the overall adherence score. ConclusionsThe Indonesian version of ARMS is a valid and reliable medication adherence scale when used in Indonesian patients with HIV/AIDS.

Development and validation of the Fall Risk Assessment Scale for patients in rehabilitation hospitals: A methodological study.

Falling is a serious threat for patient safety in hospitals. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of fall amongst rehabilitation patients and to use them for developing and validating the Persian version of Fall Risk Assessment Scale (FRAS). The current methodological study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, based on the review of the literature and investigation of the medical records of 251 patients selected via purposive sampling, the risk factors of fall were extracted and the FRAS was developed accordingly. In the second phase, the face and content validities of the designed scale were determined by cognitive interview and Content Validity Index (CVI) and to evaluate the construct validity, known-groups comparison was performed. Its inter-rater reliability was analyzed using the weighted Kappa Coefficient (κ*). The study adhered to COSMIN guidelines. Fall was significantly associated with disease diagnosis, used medications, history of fall, cognitive impairments, and three items of the Functional Independence Measure (toilet transfer, bed transfer, and shoer transfer). The CVI of the scale was 0.94. The risk for falls group had a significantly higher perceived fall risk than the no risk for falls group, thus establishing known-group validity. Its weighted kappa coefficient was >0.85, its sensitivity was 73%, and its specificity was 82%. The valid and reliable FRAS may accurately assess the level of Fall Risk patients in Rehabilitation wards, helping to predict fall during hospitalization. So, enabling the planning and implementation of effective caring interventions.

Content validation of the nursing diagnosis “ineffective protection” in the context of adolescents with cancer

ObjectiveTo analyze the relevance of a set of clinical elements to represent the content domain of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Protection. Design and methodsThis study employed content validation, using expert judgment to assess the appropriateness of clinical indicators, etiological factors, and conceptual and operational definitions, integrating the collective wisdom framework, the theory of predictive diversity, and the determination of rater skill level. ResultsFrom the middle range theory, 28 clinical indicators and 17 etiological factors were identified, which were rated by 34 raters. The analysis showed that the clinical indicators restlessness and insomnia and the etiological factors ambient temperature and humidity were not considered relevant for the nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Protection, because the median content validity index was lower than 0.9. ConclusionsContent validation verified that most of the components of the nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Protection were considered relevant by judges. Practical implicationsIt is believed that the data obtained can help nurses to more easily evaluate the related factors and clinical indicators of Ineffective Protection presented by adolescents with cancer, which favors the process of diagnostic inference.

TURKISH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE SUSTAINABILITY ATTITUDES IN NURSING SURVEY 2

PurposeIt is important to examine the attitudes of future nurses towards adopting a sustainability approach in their nursing practice. This study aimed to test the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey 2 psychometrically. MethodsThe methodological, descriptive study was conducted in November 2019 on nursing students (n = 286) at a university in Turkey. Data were analysed for reliability and validity tests. Statistics of the linguistic content validity analysis and Exploratory/ Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed to determine the scale's validity. Cronbach Alpha coefficient, floor and ceiling impacts, Tukey’s test, and Hotelling’s T2 test, test-retest reliability, were determined for the scale's reliability. ResultsThe content validity index of the scale, which consists of five items and a one dimension, is .98. Factor loadings were above 0.30, all the fit indices were> 0.95, χ2/df was 1.58 and the root means square error of approximation was 0.045. Cronbach's α was .75. The floor and ceiling impacts were 0.0% and 3.1%. In Tukey’s test, F was 3.43 and p was 0.064. In Hotelling’s T2 test, Hotelling’s T2 was 265.59 and F was 65.68 (p < .001). Item-total correlation coefficients were between .37- .63. The test-retest correlation coefficient was .39. ConclusionsThe scale is a valid and reliable instrument in the Turkish language. It is advised to use the scale in determining attitudes towards sustainability among nursing students, evaluating the effectiveness of training, and taking student opinions in curriculum revisions. Also, the study allowed cross-country comparisons and it is thought that it can guide studies on the inclusion of sustainability principles in nursing practices.

Development and validation of the self-regulation of blood donation scale for blood donors

BackgroundBecause knowledge of blood donor motivation is crucial in guiding recruitment and retention efforts, the present study aimed at developing and validating a new scale as a multidimensional measure of blood donation motivation from the perspective of the self- determination theory. MethodsThis study was conducted in three phases from September 2022 to May 2023. The first phase involved developing a draft scale based on a literature review. In the second phase, face and content validity were performed. The third phase used a cross-sectional design to assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the initial scale following administration to blood donors with a history of at least one previous whole blood donation who visited the largest blood transfusion center in Iran. Of the 420 subjects who were recruited using a mixed sampling method, 343 who fully completed the initial version of the scale were subjected to an construct validity assessment using exploratory factor analysis with Equamax rotation and internal consistency using McDonald's omega coefficient. Main resultsThe initial version of the scale consisted of 30 survey items with both a content validity ratio and a content validity index of 0.99. Exploratory factor analysis identified 24 items; grouped in six regulation factors (non-regulation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic regulation). The factors demonstrated adequate internal consistency with ω values ranging from 0.60 to 0.79. ConclusionThe present study provides psychometric support for the newly developed questionnaire to evaluate donation motivation among blood donors in Iran or in other countries with similar language, and religious and cultural values.

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire for Family Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients

AimThis study aimed to adapt and validate the Korean version of the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire for Family Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients, originally developed by Hejazi et al. in 2022, to ensure its applicability and validity in Korea. MethodsUsing both online and offline approaches, this study included 230 family caregivers. Data analysis was performed with SPSS AMOS version 29.0 using the Korean version of the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire for Family Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients and the Korean version of the Zarit Burden Interview as the primary instruments. ResultsThe findings confirmed the high content validity of the questionnaire (scale-level content validity index = .99), and confirmatory factor analysis established its construct validity. Convergent validity was confirmed with average variance extracted values ranging from .43 to .87, and composite reliability scores ranging from .80 to .91. A significant positive correlation with the Korean version of the Zarit Burden Interview (r = .81) demonstrated concurrent validity. The tool consists of 21 items across four factors on a 5-point Likert scale, exhibiting excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .91) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .79). ConclusionsThis study validated a reliable instrument for assessing caregiver burden in families of hemodialysis patients in Korea. This tool accurately measures caregiver challenges and has the potential to enhance societal health and welfare.

Evaluating anxiety and self-confidence in nursing students: Adaptation and validation of the NASC-CDM scale for high-fidelity simulation training

BackgroundAnxiety and self-confidence impact performance and decision-making during high-fidelity simulation in nursing education. A validated tool to assess these factors is lacking. MethodsThe Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision-Making© scale (NASC-CDM) was translated, adapted for high-fidelity simulation and validated using a five-step approach. This included a Content Validity Index review by experts and pilot-testing with first-year nursing students. Construct validity and internal consistency were evaluated using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbach's alpha. ResultsA total of 187 first-year nursing students participated. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified constructs for anxiety (two factors, 60.72% variance) and self-confidence (three factors, 61.22% variance). The tool demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.956 for anxiety and 0.955 for self-confidence. ConclusionThe 19-item Dutch Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision-Making for High-Fidelity Simulation scale is a valid and reliable instrument measuring anxiety and self-confidence in nursing students during high-fidelity simulation.

Translation and validation of the Indonesian version of the Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire for Young and Adults Athletes (NUKYA)

Background. NUKYA was prepared to determine the level of sports nutrition knowledge among people teenagers and adults. Objective. This research aims to translate and validate NUKYA into Indonesian. Method. The Indonesian version of the NUKYA questionnaire was evaluated for content validity and reliability by 6 experts and 30 respondents. The content validity of the questionnaire is measured using the item content validity index and the scale content validity index. The validity and reliability of the instrument were assessed using Pearson Product Moment and Cronbach’s α value. Results. The Indonesian version of NUKYA has an I-CVI of 0.98 and an S-CVI/UA of 0.91; Cronbach’s α 0.74 Conclusions. The Indonesian version of NUKYA is valid and reliable for measuring the level of nutritional knowledge of adolescent and adult athletes in Indonesia.