Content Poisoning Research Articles

A Study Towards Building Content Aware Models in NLP using Genetic Algorithms

INTRODUCTION: With the advancement in the large language models, often called LLMs, there has been increasing concerns around the usage of these models. As they can generate human-like text and can also perform a number of tasks such as generating code, question answering, essay writing and even generating text for research papers.OBJECTIVES: The generated text is subject to the usage of the original data (using which models are trained) which might be protected or may be personal/private data. The detailed description of such concerns and various potential solutions is discussed in ‘Generative language models and automated influence operations: Emerging threats and potential mitigations’. METHODS: Addressing these concerns becomes the paramount for LLMs usability. There are several directions explored by the researchers and one of the interesting works is around building content aware models. The idea is that the model is aware of the type of content it is learning from and aware what type of content should be used to generate a response to a specific query.RESULTS: In our work we explored direction by applying poisoning techniques to contaminate data and then applying genetic algorithms to extract the non-poisoned content from the poisoned content that can generate a good response when paraphrased.CONCLUSION: While we demonstrated the idea using poisoning techniques and tried to make the model aware of copyrighted content, the same can be extended to detect other types of contents or any other use cases where content awareness is required.

A Secure and Optimal Content Validation and Protection Scheme for Information Centric Networks

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a new Internet infrastructure architecture that is primarily created to accommodate the user demand for content delivery using in-network caching. ICN is vulnerable in that attackers can introduce poisoned content into the network and isolate users from reliable content sources, even if it helps users access content and makes better use of network resources. This attack can be effectively stopped by implementing signature verification in each router, however doing so comes at a significant computational cost. From a single route standpoint, existing ICN techniques reduce verification overhead, but they do not take into account integrating resources for cooperative content authentication and cyber self-defense. From a single route standpoint, existing ICN techniques reduce verification overhead, but they do not take into account integrating resources for cooperative content authentication and cyber self-defense. In this paper, we propose the implementation of a multi-router collaborative security mechanism for ICN using a collaborative, safe, and effective content validation protection architecture called CSEVP. On the one hand, we perform content verification by probabilistically selecting a router that is a part of the transmission path in order to offload the computing burden of content verification from a single router to numerous ones

NDN Content Poisoning Mitigation Using Bird Swarm Optimization and Trust Value

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is considered a viable strategy for regulating Internet consumption using the Internet’s underlying architecture. Although Named Data Networking (NDN) and its reference-based implementation, the NDN Forwarding Daemon (NFD), are the most established ICN solutions, their vulnerability to the Content Poisoning Attack (CPA) is regarded as a severe threat that might dramatically impact this architecture. Content Poisoning can significantly minimize the impact of NDN’s universal data caching. Using verification signatures to protect against content poisoning attacks may be impractical due to the associated costs and the volume of messages sent across the network, resulting in high computational costs. Therefore, in this research, we designed a method in NDN called Bird Swarm Optimization Algorithm-Based Content Poisoning Mitigation (BSO-Content Poisoning Mitigation Scheme). By aggregating the security information of entire routers along the full path, this system introduces the BSO to explore the secure transmission path and alter the content retrieval procedure. Meanwhile, based on the determined trustworthy value of each node, the BSO-Content Poisoning Mitigation Scheme can bypass malicious routers, preventing them from disseminating illicit content in the future. Additionally, the suggested technique can minimize content poisoning utilizing removing erroneous Data packets from the cache-store during the pathfinding process. The proposed method has been subjected to extensive analysis compared with the ROM scheme and improved performance justified in several metrics. BSO-Content Poisoning Mitigation Scheme is more efficient and faster than the ROM technique in obtaining valid Data packets and resulting in a higher good cache hit ratio in a comparatively less amount of time.

Hybrid cluster made content forwarding and light weight sign encryption IoT based Named Data Network using African Buffalo optimization algorithm

Information Centric Network (ICN) is a newer technology in handling web content distribution that has recently emerged in order to tackle the risk of data security. For handling content distribution, ICN provides data security via a name-based approach. Named Data Networking (NDN) is an ongoing ICN realisation that was incorporated recently. Named Data Networking (NDN) has recently grown in popularity and significance as a new internet design that solves certain limitations in traditional internet communications. NDN is perfectly adapted for the Internet of Things (IoT), which is today dominated by huge, and emerging applications. In this work, we propose an IoT enabled hybrid cluster-based routing protocol with mitigation of content poisoning attack for information-centric Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-NDN. In this method, hybrid K-medoids clustering is used with African Buffalo Optimization Algorithm (ABOA), which is to find an optimal shortest path between the cluster heads, and light weight encryption. It is developed by using Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography (HCC) to mitigate content poisoning. Our proposed system has effective data security as it has encrypted data in the cluster head. The smart health care monitoring system has been used for our proposed method. The proposed method has been subjected to extensive analysis by comparing with other existing methods that should improve performance justified in terms of several metrics by introducing the malicious nodes (10%, 20%, and 30%).

A Secure Dynamic Content Delivery Scheme in Named Data Networking

Named data networking (NDN) is a promising alternative data dissemination technology of TCP/IP communication networks, which can bring out much more cost-effective and resilient communication in a highly mobile environment. However, due to the feature of NDN, content poisoning comes out as a potential threat. Hence, state-of-the-art studies introduce network layer approaches based on name-key binding, in which the producer notifies routers of the bindings of names and key values. Key values include publisher public key digest or content digest. Routers check key values to determine whether incoming data packets have been poisoned. Unfortunately, the approaches lead to more vulnerabilities in dynamic content poisoning because attackers can impersonate the producer to alter or fabricate the bindings. Thus, we introduce a consumer-oriented two-phased lightweight security scheme, which consists of an end-to-end authentication and a packet-level name-key query mechanism. Specifically, the name-key bindings are authenticated via an additional verification by the consumer. Furthermore, we also introduce a novel trust model to help routers to determine and disconnect from the malicious nodes. Finally, our extensive experimental results demonstrate that the scheme can work effectively in improving the vulnerability of existing studies on dynamic content poisoning and lowering the system overhead simultaneously.

CSEVP: A Collaborative, Secure, and Efficient Content Validation Protection Framework for Information Centric Networking

As a new architecture of Internet infrastructure, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is mainly designed to effectively handle the rapidly increasing user demand for content delivery through in-network caching. While facilitating the dissemination of content to users and making better use of the network resources, ICN is also vulnerable in that attackers can inject poisoned content into the network and isolate users from valid content sources. The introduction of signature verification in each router can effectively prevent this attack, but it also introduces great computation overhead. Existing schemes in ICN reduce verification overhead from a single routing perspective but do not consider integrating resources within ICN for collaborative content authentication and cyber self-defense. In this paper, we propose a collaborative, secure, and efficient content validation protection framework, named CSEVP, to implement a multi-router collaborative defense mechanism for ICN. On the one hand, we conduct content verification by probabilistically choosing one router involved in the transmission path to offload the computation overhead of content verification from a single router to multiple ones. On the other hand, we adopt bloom filters for routers to record and share verification results to further facilitate a more efficient content validity verification. The security and efficiency analysis shows that our proposed CSEVP can achieve efficient content validity verification among multiple routers with acceptable low communication and storage overhead.

Review on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the pretreatment of organophosphorus pesticides

Abstract Organophosphorus pesticides are currently extensively applied on the control of agricultural and forestry pests. The number of poisonings and deaths caused by organophosphorus pesticides are increasing year by year. Because of the complex matrix, numerous interfering substances, and low poison content, pretreatment methods are crucial for the detection and analysis of such cases. As an adsorbent used for pretreatment, magnetic nanoparticles have the advantages of simple preparation, convenient modification, superparamagnetism, and hydrophilicity. Microextraction can be performed with small amount of magnetic nanoparticles in a short time, and the target substances can be separated with an external magnetic field. In this paper, the latest research achievements are reviewed. Based on the introduced characteristics and preparation methods of magnetic nanoparticles, this paper outlines the applications of different functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the pretreatment of organophosphorus pesticides and predict the potential research prospects.

A new generation of uranium coincidence fast neutron collars for assay of LWR fresh fuel assemblies

The active uranium neutron coincidence collar provides a means of non-destructively assaying the fissile linear density of Light Water Reactor fresh fuel assemblies containing low enriched uranium. These neutron collars can operate in two modes: a thermal and a fast mode. In fast mode, a neutron collar has an added cadmium (Cd) liner in the sample cavity of the detector to reduce the impact of the burnable poison (thermal neutron absorber) on the detector signal (doubles). The main advantage for operating in fast mode is a detected signal that is less dependent of the burnable neutron poison content and thus less dependent on facility operator declarations. The drawback is that operating in fast mode requires a longer measurement time (∼hour vs tens of minutes for thermal mode) to achieve the statistically needed precision in the measurements. The trend in the modern reactor fuel assemblies is moving to higher burnup by using higher initial enrichment and, consequently, a higher number of burnable poison rods to compensate the initial neutron reactivity. The increase of the burnable poison loading has motivated the development of a new generation of high efficiency fast neutron collars to allow practical measurements in-field by nuclear inspectors. This paper describes the development and performance evaluation of a new generation of neutron collars, for both boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuels, jointly developed between the US Department of Energy, through Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Euratom Safeguards Directorate of the European Commission. We present here calibrations with reference fuel assemblies at Los Alamos National Laboratory as well as the results of in-field measurement campaigns in fuel fabrication plants with modern commercial fuel assemblies. The experimental results show that a typical PWR verification can be made in a total time of 30 min with an uncertainty in the measured mass of 2% at one standard deviation (1σ). A BWR verification can be made in 47 min with an uncertainty in the measured mass of 1.9% at 1σ, or a total time of 20 min with 1σ uncertainty in the measured mass of 2.5%.

Modernizing the active neutron collar poison rod correction using simulations to enhance PWR fresh fuel verification

The declared inventory of 235U in fresh, low enriched uranium, nuclear fuel assemblies is routinely verified by nuclear safeguards inspectorates using the UNCL (Uranium Neutron Collar – Light Water Reactor Fuel) nondestructive assay instrument. The trend in modern fuels is towards higher initial enrichment, which in turn requires a larger number of burnable poison pins with higher Gadolinia concentration to hold down the initial reactivity. UNCL assay error for modern fuel assemblies typically exceeds 10%. The traditional algorithm used to correct the response for burnable poison content needs revision to achieve accuracy comparable to the σR of 4.5% expected for poison-free assemblies. In this paper we review the problem and use a large set of 287 Monte Carlo simulations based on an experimentally benchmarked model corresponding to the 16×16 PWR array used in Brazilian Angra type II and III fuel. Simulated relative responses are used to evaluate the functional form of the poison correction and determine parameters optimal for 16×16 PWR assemblies. This update is conducted using between 4–24 Gadolinia pins ranging 2–11 wt% Gd2O3 with assemblies having mean enrichments ranging 2.5%–5%. Experimental validation of the updated coefficients using seven measurements shows bias is reduced by an order of magnitude and σR reduced from 10% to less than 2%. Two updated sets of coefficients are provided, the most accurate of which is directly useable in the existing analysis code (INCC) in use by inspectorate at fuel fabrication facilities.

The toxicological profile of acute phosphorus poisoning

Phosphorus is a very common nonmetallic mechanical irritant and protoplasmic poison which affects the cellular oxidation. Yellow phosphorus is highly toxic and is widely used in fertilizers, fireworks, pesticides and rodenticide pastes. Cases of poisoning by consumption are very common in developing countries. Clinical manifestation ranges from acute hepatitis to fulminant hepatic failure. Even cardiotoxicity and multi organ dysfunction are also seen in this poisoning leading to significant mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome, progression of a case of acute phosphorus poisoning and to compare the autopsy and histopathological findings with respect to the duration of survival. It is an observational study conducted on patients admitted to Mcgann Hospital, Shimoga and autopsies conducted in the mortuary. As per inclusion and exclusion criteria cases are included and excluded, and the collected data was entered in a prestructured proforma. Cases were mainly distributed in young adult age group. Few cases were also noted in children which were found to be accidental in nature. There was no such gender variation regarding consumption of this poison. High mortality rate found in this poisoning with hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and cardiogenic shock. Most of the cases with yellow phosphorus poisoning were stable on first and second day, subsequently worsened on third or fourth day with multiple organ dysfunction due to action of the absorbed poison. In most of the autopsies hepatic necrosis was observed as a sign of fulminant hepatic failure. So, the chemical content of poison is very important for the prognosis, intensive monitoring and early interventions.

A Novel Efficient Certificateless Signature Scheme for the Prevention of Content Poisoning Attack in Named Data Networking-Based Internet of Things

Recently, Named Data Networking (NDN) has emerged as a popular and active Internet architecture that addresses the issues of current host-centric communication. NDN is well suited for Internet of Things (IoT) which possesses massive applications that dominate the Internet today. It intends to provide named-based routing, in-networking caching, built-in mobility and multicast support as part of its design which leads to a substantial improvement in content delivery/retrieval. Though, this new architecture aches from some new challenges in terms of security. In this article, we seek our attention towards Content Poisoning Attack (CPA). The purpose of CPA is to inject poisoned content with an invalid signature into the NDN-based IoT networks. Unfortunately, none of the existing proposals work effectively when malicious attackers compromise the caches of NDN routers. To prevent this, we proposed a certificateless signature scheme for the preservation of CPA in NDN-based IoT networks. The proposed scheme is formally secure under the security hardness of Hyperelliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (HCDLP) with a security simulation/validation in “Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA).” Besides, the formal proof we also compared the designed scheme with some existing solutions to show the cost-efficiency in terms of communication overhead and computation cost. To conclude, a robust deployment on NDN-based IoT networks is shown.

An Overview of Content Poisoning in NDN: Attacks, Countermeasures, and Direction

With a huge demand for replicated content on the Internet, a new networking paradigm called information-centric networking (ICN) has been introduced for efficient content dissemination. In ICN, named content is distributed over the network cache and it is accessed by name instead of a location identifier. These aspects allow users to retrieve content from any of the nodes having replicas, and consequently 1) network resources are more efficiently utilized by avoiding redundant transmission and 2) more scalable services are provided by distributing server loads. However, in-network caching in ICN brings about a new type of security issues, called content poisoning attacks, where fabricated content is located in the network cache and interferes with the normal behavior of the system. In this paper, we look into the problems of content poisoning in ICN and discuss security architectures against them. In particular, we reconsider the state-of-the-art schemes from the perspective of feasibility, and propose a practical security architecture.

Individual variation in cardiotoxicity of parotoid secretion of the common toad, Bufo bufo, depends on body size – first results

Anurans secrete a wide diversity of toxins from skin glands to defend themselves against predators and pathogens. Bufonids produce potent poison in parotoid macroglands located in the postorbital region. Parotoid secretion is a rich source of bioactive compounds with cardiotoxic, cytotoxic and hemolytic activity. Poison content and toxicity may vary between species, populations, and among conspecifics inhabiting the same area. In the present paper, we pre-analyzed the individual variation in cardiotoxicity of parotoid extract of common toads (Bufo bufo Linnaeus, 1758) and impact of body mass (BM), snout to vent length (SVL), and body condition (BC) of toad on the poison toxicity. We hypothesized that large toads produce poison with higher cardiotoxicity than smaller ones. Parotoid extract was fractionated by reverse phase chromatography, and then in vitro physiological bioassays were carried out on the semi-isolated hearts of the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758) to determine cardiotoxicity of the whole poison and separated fractions. Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine effects of BM, SVL, and BC on the poison toxicity. We recorded significant changes in the insect heart contractility after treatment with the whole poison and separated fractions. We found an individual variation in cardiotoxicity of the parotoid extract which was explained by the body size of toad. Poison of smaller toads displayed a negative, whereas poison of larger toads positive, chronotropic effect on the heart contractility. Thus, we conclude that the effectiveness of parotoid secretion in repelling predators may vary depending on the toad individual size.

A Novel Approach to Realistic Conservatism in Nuclear Criticality Safety Analysis

The standard approach in nuclear criticality safety analysis is to rely quite heavily—and in some cases exclusively—on passive controls, such as assuming all worst-case conditions are by default attained. This means assumptions are made such as no poison, optimum moderation, and pure fissile actinide content at the maximum mass with optimum full reflection. What is clearly attainable is something less than any of these extremal conditions, but how can one rely on a limit based on assuming less than the worst case without some controls ensuring those assumptions are not challenged? This technical note discusses various options for approaching a defendable realistic technical basis for safety analysis by associating probabilities with conservative assumptions.

Field testing of a fast-neutron coincidence collar for fresh uranium fuel verification

The Fast-Neutron Coincidence Collar (FNCL) is an active non-destructive assay system for the measurement of uranium-235 in fresh nuclear fuel assemblies using the neutron coincidence counting (NCC) approach. Unlike traditional NCC instruments, such as the Uranium Neutron Collar (UNCL), the FNCL contains liquid scintillator to detect fast neutrons (>0.1 MeV) with nanosecond-level time resolution. The subsequent reduction of the NCC coincidence window by a factor of one thousand (from microseconds to nanoseconds) allows the uncertainties associated with accidental neutron coincidences to be virtually eliminated resulting in precise and accurate assays of fresh fuel assemblies (FFAs) in significantly less time than alternatives. The measurement of fast neutrons also minimizes the systematic uncertainties due to burnable neutron poisons commonly present in the fuel matrix.The FNCL was tested at two nuclear fuel fabrication facilities in Brazil and the Republic of Korea with continued support from the two States. 39 measurements of FFAs were obtained with varying geometry, enrichment and burnable neutron poison content. These field test measurements and conclusions drawn pertaining to the FNCL performance are discussed.

A Lightweight Identity-Based Signature Scheme for Mitigation of Content Poisoning Attack in Named Data Networking With Internet of Things

Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the future envisioned networking paradigm used to provide fast and efficient content dissemination with interest-based content retrieval, name-based routing and in-network content caching. On the one hand, this new breed of future Internet architecture is becoming a key technology for data dissemination in the IoT networks; on the other hand, NDN suffers from new challenges in terms of data security. Among them, a content poisoning attack is the most common data security challenge. The aim of this attack is to inject poisoned content with an invalid signature to the network. Therefore, to prevent NDN against possible content poisoning attack, a signature of the contents is appended to each data packet for verifications. In this paper, we propose an identity-based signature scheme for IoT-based NDN networks, with a special emphasis on content integrity and authenticity. The proposed scheme is based on the concept of the Hyperelliptic curves, which provide the same level of security as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), Bilinear pairing and Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (ECC) with lower-key size. The proposed scheme is subject to both formal and informal security analysis in order to show the feasibility of our scheme. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed via comparison with the relevant existing schemes that authenticates the superiority of our scheme in terms of security and efficiency.

Gender Difference of Longitudinal Structure between ParentsLife Satisfaction, ChildrenComputer Game and Adult Content Poisoning, Friendship

이 연구는 부모의 삶의 만족도가 컴퓨터 게임 및 성인물 의존도를 매개로 하여 교우관계에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 그 영향이 남녀 간에 차이가 있는가를 파악하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 컴퓨터 게임 및 성인물 의존도의 매개 효과는 남녀학생에게서 다르게 나타났다. 중학교 1학년 남학생의 경우에는 직접 효과만 있고 매개 효과는 없었다. 반면 같은 시기의 여학생의 경우 직접 효과와 매개 효과가 모두 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중학교 1학년 시기에 부모의 삶의 만족도의 영향을 받아 형성된 컴퓨터 게임 및 성인물 의존도와 교우관계는 이후 부모의 삶의 만족도가 높아지거나 낮아져도 변함없이 유지된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 중2에서 고3까지의 남학생은 부모의 삶의 만족도 변화율과 교우관계 변화율을 컴퓨터 게임 및 성인물 의존도이 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났지만, 여학생은 전혀 매개 효과가 없는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 기반으로 다음과 같이 제언하였다. 첫째, 남학생과 여학생 모두 교우관계에 있어 가장 중요한 시기는 중학교 1학년 시기이다. 특히, 중1 남학생의 원만한 교우관계를 위해서는 부모의 삶의 만족도 향상을 위한 방안을 마련하고, 중1 여학생의 원만한 교우관계를 위해서는 컴퓨터 게임 및 성인물 의존도를 낮추는 방안이 집중적으로 강구해야 한다. 둘째, 중2-고3까지의 남학생은 컴퓨터 게임 및 성인물 의존도가 증가하지 않도록 예방적 개입을 해야 하며, 중2-고3까지의 여학생은 교우관계에 영향을 미치는 다른 변인들에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.This study aimed to search the mediating effects computer game and adult’ content poisoning between satisfaction with life of parents and friendship of their teenage, and to see difference of this effect between male and female. The results was as follows. First, the mediating effects are different between male and female students. On boys of first-year grade in middle school, it had direct effect, but didn’t have mediated effect. But on girls of this times it had direct effect, and had mediated effect. Second, that computer game and adult’ content poisoning and friendship of their teenage is shaped and influenced by satisfaction with life of parents on first-year grade in middle school. And after this age, satisfaction with life of parents be higher or lower after this age, it almost invariably is sustained. Third, from 2nd grade in middle school to 3 grade high school, computer game and adult’ content poisoning and friendship completely mediated between satisfaction with life of parents and friendship of their teenage, but girls in same times completely not mediated. This study suggested based on the results as follows. First, both boys and girls, first-year grade in middle school is the most important time for friendship. Accordingly, I suggested that must increased their parents life satisfaction for friendship of first-year grade boys in middle school, and must reduced her computer game and adult’ content poisoning for girls this times. Second, I suggested that need proactive intervention without increasing computer game and adult’ content poisoning for boys from 2nd grade in middle school to 3 grade high school, and for girls this times, need follow-up studies for see factors that affects their friendship.

In Content We Trust: Network-Layer Trust in Content-Centric Networking

Content-Centric Networking (CCN), an instance of information-centric networking, is a candidate next-generation Internet architecture that emphasizes on content distribution by making it directly addressable and routable. By opportunistically caching content within the network, CCN appears to be well-suited for a large-scale content distribution and for meeting the needs of increasingly mobile and bandwidth-hungry applications that dominate today’s Internet. To provide content authentication, CCN dictates that each content object must be digitally signed by its respective producer. All entities (consumers and routers) must, in principle, verify the content signature before processing it. However, in practice, this poses two challenges for routers: (1) overhead due to signature verification, key retrieval, and potential certificate chain traversal; and (2) lack of trust context, i.e., determining which public keys are trusted to verify the content signature. This renders signature verification impractical in routers, opening the door for the so-called content poisoning attacks. We study the root causes of the content poisoning attacks and reach the conclusion that meaningful mitigation of content poisoning is contingent upon a network-layer trust management architecture. We propose two approaches: deterministic and probabilistic, that allow routers to detect fake (aka “poisoned”) content objects. The usages of each approach depend on the location and role of routers in the network, as well as their computational capabilities.

Securing ICN-Based UAV Ad Hoc Networks with Blockchain

Named data networking (NDN) enables fast and efficient content dissemination in mission-critical unmanned aerial vehicle ad hoc networks (UAANETs); however, its in-network caching mechanism brings a new security challenge: content poisoning. Poisoned content can contaminate the cache on the routers and isolate valid content from the network, leading to performance degradation or denial of service. To mitigate such attacks and enhance network-layer trust of NDN-based UAANETs, this article proposes a novel and systematic framework that integrates interest-key-content binding (IKCB), forwarding strategy, and on-demand verification to efficiently discover poisoned content. To further provide decentralized IKCB store and detect internal attackers, we introduce a lightweight permissioned blockchain system over NDN and develop a scalable adaptive delegate consensus algorithm. Our experimental results have demonstrated that our proposed framework can effectively purge poisoned content with low overhead, and our algorithms achieve great performance to fit UAANETs.

Research on the application of burnable poison ZrB2 and Gd2O3 in a small modular lead-based thermal reactor

A lead-based reactor with thermal or epithermal spectra is considered to be a good choice for small modular reactors design. Beside the safe and better thermal property of lead coolant it also takes the advantage of the smaller critical mass characteristics of thermal reactor. However, it needs to control the substantial amounts of excess reactivity at the beginning of core life which is essential to get a long-life cycle. Therefore, choosing the appropriate burnable poison material and optimizing its arrangement is a big concern during the design of a small modular lead-based thermal reactor.In this article, the analysis on use of burnable poison in a small modular lead-based thermal reactor has been carried out to achieve effective control of reactivity. The burnup characteristics of burnable poison ZrB2 and Gd2O3 were investigated and compared. The results show that ZrB2 is better than Gd2O3 for flatting the keff curve, while the depletion rate of Gd2O3 is much faster than ZrB2. Reducing the poison content in poison rods and increasing the number of poison assemblies can speed up the poison depletion. Based on the results, an optimized core (with the use of burnable poison) which can give a more flat keff curve with the burnup reactivity swing less than 3303 pcm was given. And the influences of the burnable poison on the main parameters of the optimized core scheme such as power distribution and reactivity coefficient were analyzed. The results show that with the use of burnable poison, the radial power distribution becomes more flat and the coolant void effect and fuel temperature reactivity become more negative.