Website Content Research Articles

Content and quality of consumer websites providing information about human papillomavirus infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: An environmental scan.

We aimed to evaluate the content and quality of websites for consumers providing information about human papillomavirus (HPV) risks in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We conducted an environmental scan of websites for patients and the general public with information about HPV and SLE. We searched Google from inception to June 2023, using the terms "HPV" and "lupus". We included websites with information about HPV and SLE. Two reviewers appraised the websites and collected website characteristics, and rated various attributes: completeness and comprehensiveness, accuracy, technical elements, design and aesthetics, usability, readability, and accessibility. We identified 16 websites for analysis. Ten (62.5 %) were commercial websites One website provided complete and comprehensive information about HPV risk, screening, and vaccination in patients with SLE; 7 (44 %) websites provided only information about the HPV vaccine. Eight websites included risk of HPV infection, cervical cancer screening, and cervical cancer risk in patients with SLE. Seventy-five percent provided information based on clinical guidelines, textbooks, peer-reviewed papers or scientific publications while the remaining were based on expert opinions. All websites were considered to have adequate design and aesthetics and were easy to navigate. Only 1 (6 %) website had a 6th-grade reading level and the other had reading levels higher than that (not appropriate for consumer websites). The overall quality scores ranged from 32 to 51 (maximum 69). Our findings showed that most websites for patients and the general public with information about HPV and SLE did not provide complete and comprehensive information about HPV.

FEATURES OF INTERNET ADVERTISING OF HOTEL BUSINESS ENTERPRISES IN THE UKRAINIAN INTERNET SEGMENT

The article analyzes the use of the main types of Internet advertising by hotel business enterprises. The peculiarities of the use by hotel business entities in the Ukrainian Internet segment of such types of Internet advertising as search optimization of the hotel website, «Google My Business» service, contextual advertising, partnership with online reservation services, advertising in social networks are given. Basic requirements for the website of the hotel enterprise are generalized. Such indicators of ease of use of the site as easy availability of basic information, cross-browser compatibility, download speed and others are described. Recommendations for the modern design style of the hotel website are given. The expediency of multilingual hotel website is substantiated. The main components of the information content of the website of the hotel enterprise are described - the conditions of booking and accommodation, the appearance of the rooms, information about the location of the hotel, etc. The main requirements for the hotel website were analyzed. On the basis of statistical data of thematic search queries in Ukrainian and foreign languages, the relevance of attracting thematic traffic to the hotel website in both Ukrainian and foreign languages has been proven, and recommendations for the implementation of such attraction have been given. Such means of obtaining foreign language traffic by the site as creating foreign language mirrors of the hotel site and including foreign language key phrases in the metatags and pages of the site are described, which allows to increase the visibility of the site in search engines by expanding its semantic core and increasing positions in thematic search results. The peculiarities of the use of the contextual advertising to attract potential hotel customers were studied and its advantages and disadvantages were described. The specifics of contextual advertising in the Ukrainian Internet segment are determined, in particular, the need for separate adjustment of this type of advertising in the google.com and google.com.ua push systems. Advertising formats and specifics of advertising of the hotel enterprises in social networks are described. The specifics of the using the «Google My Business» service for advertising hotel enterprises are analyzed in detail. Recommendations are given for registering a hotel business enterprise in this service and administering of the created account is made. Reasoned Recommendations regarding the content and completeness of the information in the hotel card in the «Google My Business» service, and the correspondence of this information to the content of the hotel website are justified.

Evaluation and Comparison of the Comprehensiveness of Canadian and American Ophthalmology Residency Program Websites

ABSTRACT Purpose We descriptively and comparatively evaluated the comprehensiveness of Canadian and US-accredited ophthalmology residency program websites as of August 28, 2024. Methods Using Canadian Resident Matching Service (n = 15) and US Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (n = 125), we assessed website content across seven criteria: recruitment, faculty, residents, education/research, teaching, benefits, and community. Two independent reviewers used a 40-point system, with Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc pairwise tests for analysis by country and funding model. Results US programs more frequently had highly comprehensive websites than Canadian programs (US: 74.4%, Canada: 40%). Canadian programs mostly achieved moderate comprehensiveness (Canada: 60%, US: 22.4%). Larger program size and US origin were significantly linked to higher comprehensiveness scores (p < .01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that US-based, larger programs offer more extensive online resources. We recommend standardized guidelines to improve residency program website transparency and accessibility for medical learners.

Assessment of the quality, reliability, and readability of the websites about orthognathic surgery

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy, dependability, and readability of websites providing information about orthognathic surgery. Material and Methods: A total of 300 websites encountered through Google, Yahoo, and Bing search engines using the search terms “orthognathic surgery” and “jaw surgery” were utilized. Websites containing duplicate advertisements, original articles, or course content with video links unrelated to the topic were excluded from the study. Ninety-three websites were included in the study. The included websites were assessed for reliability and quality using the DISCERN, Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), and Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) tools. Readability was evaluated by determining the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) scores. The data that did not show normal distribution were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Post hoc comparisons were conducted using the least significant difference and Mann– Whitney U-tests. A significance level of P &lt; 0.05 was accepted. Results: The mean DISCERN score was (38.47 ± 10.47), the EQIP score was (57.34 ± 10.73), and the JAMA score was (0.81 ± 0.99). The FRES was determined to be (43.89 ± 11.36), and the FKGL score was (12.06 ± 2.3). In the layperson group, the highest scores were found in the DISCERN (44.62 ± 9.73) and JAMA (1.85 ± 0.8) analyses compared to other groups. Conclusion: Website content on orthognathic surgery is generally of poor quality, and moderate reliability, with readability often being challenging for the average reader. There is a need for more user-friendly websites that offer comprehensive and easily digestible information to better serve orthognathic surgery patients.

Considerations for the continuation of blended learning and teaching modes in English education within Cambodian public schools

The global language of English is widely acknowledged for connecting people worldwide, including in Cambodia, where the field of English education has been working to incorporate blended learning (BL) and blended teaching modes into public schools. This integration is aimed at addressing the shortage of qualified English teachers and learning resources for English for specific purpose courses, showing significant potential in enhancing the educational experience for students. A comprehensive study was conducted to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of this innovative approach, focusing on various aspects of English knowledge content delivery. The study revealed major concerns over the use of certain knowledge content websites, led by the European Union and the Cambodian government to act toward regulating and improving the quality of such sources; however, the primary responsibility for ensuring that selected knowledge content meeting the need of students lies in the schools themselves. It is essential to address the challenges and concerns related to the selection and preparation of English knowledge content sources to fully realize the potential of blended learning and teaching modes in English education in Cambodia. By collaborating with external stakeholders, schools can play a crucial role in providing students with high-quality and appropriate English content. Future studies can consider the effectiveness and concerns of BL in different educational settings using different research designs.

Assessing Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Statements of Urogynecology Fellowships.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has aimed to increase diversity among the physician workforce. Prospective applicants utilize websites to identify programs that share a commitment to equity and inclusion. Published statements of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) demonstrate a fellowship program's recognition of the importance of improving diversity in health care and medical education. The aim of the study was to assess the utilization of DEI statements published on urogynecology and reconstructive pelvic surgery (URPS) fellowship program websites. All ACGME accredited URPS fellowship websites in July 2023 were reviewed for presence of a DEI statement as a primary outcome. Website content was then compared across geographical regions (Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, South, and West). Seventy-two URPS programs had a dedicated website for review. Nine (12.5%) URPS programs had a published diversity statement. There were no statistical differences in the presence of a statement in URPS fellowships based on core-surgical speciality or geographic region. A majority of URPS programs lack a DEI statement (87.5%) demonstrating an area for improvement. With an increasingly diverse patient population, the recruitment of a diverse pool of physician applicants is more crucial than ever. By advocating for transparency, URPS fellowship programs can foster an environment that nurtures a physician workforce better equipped to provide culturally inclusive health care.

Internal and External Collaborative Shaping: The Role of Official Information and Online Communities in Shaping a City’s Image

City image is essential for city marketing, yet the impact of “outside–in” shaping by social media in the Web 2.0 era has been largely overlooked. The decentralized and diverse Web 2.0 environment now dominates online information dissemination, influencing not just cyberspace, but also the physical urban landscape. These externally driven city images increasingly reflect and interact with traditional “inside–out” images shaped by official sources. Understanding the influence of external actors via social media compared to traditional internal sources, like government websites, is crucial. This dual analysis offers insights into city image formation, helping cities refine their marketing strategies. This study analyzed a representative social media platform alongside official government websites, using programming and a naive Bayes classifier. We developed a method to categorize the city images of selected U.S. world cities based on these two different media sources. The results are as follows: (1) We establish a city image categorization system that divides the considered U.S. world cities into four and five categories based on social media and official government website content, respectively. (2) We compare the groups and logics shaping global city images in different cyber eras based on the example of the U.S. world cities, and based on this, we explore the relative roles of groups outside the city. (3) We identify the preferences of forming different city images between external groups based on social media and internal forces based on government websites. In summary, this article takes world cities as an example to demonstrate that, in the Web 2.0 era, the image of a city depends on both internal and external groups and has varying degrees of preference. The unique urban image of each city is formed through two media content streams and quantitative preference.

Exploring the relationship between website quality and equity in living donor kidney transplant.

Health system websites are important resources to guide health care decisions and may be useful tools to improve racial equity in access to living donor kidney transplant (LDKT). We performed a cross-sectional study of adult LDKT programs in the United States. We created an assessment tool for website quality across three domains: accessibility (access to LDKT specific information from the transplant center website), readability (ease of reading and clarity), and educational content (appropriateness and presentation of information, LDKT-specific content, program-specific characteristics, and adherence to equity-centered principles of web design). Among the 185 transplant center websites reviewed, only 14.6% of LDKT sites could be accessed directly from the transplant center webpage. The median suitability assessment of materials (SAM)-a validated measure of website content for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-was 45 out of 86 (IQR 4) and the median Flesch-Kincaid grade level and ease score were 9.1 (IQR 0.8) on a scale of 0-18 and 51.2 (IQR 5) on a scale of 0-100, respectively. These results indicate that LDKT websites are currently not available, accessible, and understandable for many potential transplant candidates and donors. Optimizing the content and design of transplant center websites may be a promising and effective strategy for improving equity in access to LDKT.

Chiropractic residencies and fellowships as continuing education: a review of chiropractic state boards policies

ObjectiveTo review United States chiropractic state boards acceptance of chiropractic residencies and fellowships as continuing education (CE).MethodsBetween February 2024 and April 2024, board websites and accompanying policy documents for all 50 states and the District of Columbia were manually searched for content related to residencies and fellowships and whether they were considered CE. Information regarding CE credit requirements for new licensees was also collected. Results were tabulated in a spreadsheet and descriptive analysis was performed. Consensus among a minimum of 5 of 6 investigators was sought.ResultsFour states (Arizona, Indiana, Kansas, and Minnesota) accept residencies or fellowships for CE credit, 6 states possess unclear regulatory language regarding these programs, and 41 states make no mention of these training programs among approved CE. Twenty-one states required CE credits during a licensee’s initial renewal period, 1 state was unclear based on website content alone, and 29 states did not mandate CE for initial license renewal. More than 90% (19/21) of states that require CE for a licensee’s first renewal do not or are unclear if they accept residencies or fellowships for credit.ConclusionFew chiropractic state boards currently accept residencies and fellowships as approved CE. As the number of these postdoctoral training programs for chiropractors grow, more state boards may be asked to determine their CE policies on them.

Linking heart and mind: development and evaluation of online information material on mental health disorders in children and adolescents with CHDs.

Psychiatric comorbidity is common in children and adolescents with CHDs. Early recognition and evidence-based treatments are crucial to prevent long-term consequences. To support early identification and reduce stigma, we 1) developed and 2) tested the usability and acceptability of online information material on common mental health disorders targeted healthcare professionals and affected families. Website content was shaped by insights from interviews with healthcare professionals across sectors, parents, and adolescents. Evaluations demonstrated promising acceptability and usability of the first prototype but indicated the need for improvements in specific aspects of content, navigation, and overall aesthetics.

OPTIMISATION OF THE AYAHASI WEBSITE (OPSI) AS A SELF-LEARNING MEDIA FOR THE AYAHASI INDONESIA COMMUNITY

The exclusive breastfeeding rate in Indonesia has not met the national target. A study shows that father's support has a positive impact on breastfeeding success. However, fathers' involvement in breastfeeding support has not been optimized, and one reason is low knowledge of breastfeeding. To support the AyahASI community, this community service was aimed at developing and optimising the AyahASI website and developing educational material in the form of posters and pocketbooks. AyahASI website has been developed to be a self-learning media that can be accessed independently by father. By optimizing the website, it is hoped that this platform can provide more comprehensive, interactive, and user-friendly information on various topics around breastfeeding, the role of fathers in parenting, and family health. An educational tool about breastfeeding was developed, which includes a 7 poster and a pocketbook with engaging and creative design to attract readers. In conclusion, AyahASI website look and content had been improve that can be suitable for father breasfeeding information channel.

Perceptions of a South Australian online trans health resource: transnormativity, safety, and professionalism

Background The proliferation of trans-led online health resources constitutes a purposive community response to the limitations that many trans people face globally in accessing healthcare information and services. While such resources are typically community run or administered by individuals, and hence not subject to reporting mandates, it is useful to examine how end-users perceive online health resources for trans people. Aims This paper reports on an evaluation of one trans-led online health resource, focused on South Australia. Methods Interviews were undertaken with 15 trans people who accessed the website Trans Health SA. Participants were invited to view the website alongside the first author, and to share their thoughts about the website design and content. Results Thematic analysis resulted in the development of three themes: (1) transnormativity and the intended viewer, (2) the website as a welcoming community space, and (3) discrepancies between content and design. Conclusions The paper concludes by considering what it means to create inclusive online trans health resources in the context of both ongoing marginalization and community diversity.

Web Presence and Search Engine Optimization on Hotel Patronage in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This study examined the effect of web presence and search engine optimization on hotel patronage in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Web presence, search engine optimization and hotel patronage formed the specific objectives of the study. 1122 employees that had access to information of customers who made hotel reservations from forty-one hotels registered with Akwa Ibom State Hotels Management and Tourism Board formed the population. The study employed a census sampling technique. Primary data were gathered through a structured questionnaire. Simple percentages and charts were employed for the demographic analyses, leveraging the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 to facilitate the data analyses. The univariate analyses were done using means and standard deviations to provide insights into the central tendencies and variability of the data. To test the study hypotheses, the researchers employed Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), facilitated by the SmartPLS version 3.2.9 software. Findings of the study showed that web presence (β = 0.713, t- value = 10.156, p-value = 0.011 &lt; 0.05) had positive significant effect on hotel patronage in Akwa Ibom State and search engine optimization (β = 0.613, t-value = 8.046, p-value = 0.003 &lt; 0.05, a statistically significant and positive effect on hotel patronage. Based on the empirical findings, we recommended that management of hotels in Akwa Ibom State should ensure that they have a well- designed, user-friendly, and informative website that showcase their offerings and provides a seamless booking experience for customers. Regular updates and maintenance of the website should be a priority to keep it relevant and engaging. The hotel owners and operators should prioritize the implementation of effective search engine optimization strategies to improve their visibility on search engine results pages. This should include optimizing their website content, improving website structure and navigation, and leveraging relevant keywords to attract potential customers.

Multifactor Quality and Safety Analysis of Semaglutide Products Sold by Online Sellers Without a Prescription: Market Surveillance, Content Analysis, and Product Purchase Evaluation Study.

Over the past 4 decades, obesity has escalated into a global epidemic, with its worldwide prevalence nearly tripling. Pharmacological treatments have evolved with the recent development of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, such as semaglutide. However, off-label use of drugs such as Ozempic for cosmetic weight loss has surged in popularity, raising concerns about potential misuse and the emergence of substandard and falsified products in the unregulated supply chain. This study aims to conduct a multifactor investigation of product quality and patient safety risks associated with the unregulated online sale of semaglutide by examining product availability and vendor characteristics and assessing product quality through test purchases. We used a complex risk and quality assessment methodology combining online market surveillance, search engine results page analysis, website content assessment, domain traffic analytics, conducting targeted product test purchases, visual quality inspection of product packaging, microbiological sterility and endotoxin contamination evaluation, and quantitative sample analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We collected and evaluated 1080 links from search engine results pages and identified 317 (29.35%) links belonging to online pharmacies, of which 183 (57.7%) led to legal pharmacies and 134 (42.3%) directed users to 59 unique illegal online pharmacy websites.Web traffic data for the period between July and September 2023 revealed that the top 30 domains directly or indirectly affiliated with illegal online pharmacies accumulated over 4.7 million visits.Test purchases were completed from6 illegal online pharmacies with the highest number of links offering semaglutide products for sale without prescription at the lowest price range. Three injection vial purchases were delivered; none of the 3 Ozempic prefilled injection pens were received due to nondelivery e-commerce scams.All purchased vials were considered probable substandard and falsified products, as visual inspection indicated noncompliance in more than half (59%-63%) of the evaluated criteria. The semaglutide content of samples substantially exceeded labeled amounts by 28.56%-38.69%, although no peptide-like impurities were identified. The lyophilized peptide samples were devoid of viable microorganisms at the time of testing; however, endotoxin was detected in all samples with levels ranging between 2.1645 EU/mg and 8.9511 EU/mg. Furthermore, the measured semaglutide purity was significantly low, ranging between 7.7% and 14.37% and deviating from the 99% claimed on product labels by manufacturers. Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist drugs promoted for weight loss, similar to erectile dysfunction medications more than 2 decades ago, are becoming the new blockbuster lifestyle medications for the illegal online pharmacy market. Protecting the pharmaceutical supply chain from substandard and falsified weight loss products and raising awareness regarding online medication safety must be a public health priority for regulators and technology platforms alike.

Academic journal website from the user’s perspective

Professional community recommendations on the content of academic journal websites mostly include criteria for indexing in databases, however these recommendations do not consider the authors’ and reviewers’ perspective on the website contents and design. To address this, we analyzed these recommendations through a survey of 198 Russian academic journal authors and reviewers, using a continuous sampling technique. The survey took place in April and May 2024. The questionnaire was based on the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing by COPE, DOAJ etc. The survey also focused on the journal website content, design, mobile version, and publication strategy of academic journal website users. We analyzed the survey results for two partially overlapping sets of authors who published in journals indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Russian Citation Science Index Core, or in journals listed by the Higher Attestation Commission of Russian Federation. The study revealed that both COPE’s recommendations and users of academic websites value information regarding aims and scope of the journal, copyright fees, review policies, timelines for the editorial and publication process, and licensing. However, Russian authors and reviewers put less emphasis on website sections that address ethical principles and authorship criteria. They prioritize having an online editorial office, security certification, scientific journal indexing and abstracting information, additional educational materials, and the ability to customize the website for devices with different screen sizes. We also discuss the importance of HTML meta tags for promoting the journal’s website. The findings of the research may contribute to promotion of Russian academic journals in international databases, improve the efficiency of communication between authors, reviewers and editors, and develop a set of recommendations that complement international publishing conventions.

Research on the Influencing Factors of High-quality Development of Export Enterprises

The Internet and big data have a profound impact on export enterprises, and their high-quality development is also facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This paper takes small and medium-sized enterprises of sales oriented export trade as the research sample, and uses the BP neural network model to conduct empirical research on the factors affecting the high-quality development of enterprises. Research conclusions: (1) A influencing factor system for high-quality development of export enterprises has been constructed, which includes 26 specific factors; (2) The factors in order of impacts: convenience of shopping operations, website content, comprehensive quality of employees, product awareness, consumer penetration rate, internationalization level, enterprise scale and reputation; (3) Factors such as overall employee quality, internationalization level, employee training system and effectiveness, network security, internationalization style of website design, convenience of shopping operations, sales growth rate of the enterprise, and profit growth rate do not have a direct, absolute positive relationship with the high-quality development of the enterprise.

What do older women want from a physical activity program? Stakeholder consultation to optimise design and recruitment for the Active Women over 50 trial

BackgroundEffective recruitment and retention of participants are prerequisites for high quality physical activity intervention programs and evaluation trials, but this is underreported in the literature making it difficult to identify the most promising strategies. Incorporating stakeholder feedback in the design of program components and recruitment materials can optimise recruitment reach and the engagement of participants throughout programs and trials.MethodsThe Active Women over 50 randomised controlled trial is testing a program designed to support women aged 50 + to be more physically active. To optimise program design and recruitment flyers, we conducted one focus group and 17 interviews with diverse purposively sampled women aged 50 + living in New South Wales, Australia. Women were asked to review recruitment flyers and the four proposed program components: (1) health coaching, (2) dedicated website with resources, (3) private Facebook group and (4) motivational email and SMS messages. Data analysis incorporated framework methods, deductive analysis using the Adapted Mobile App Rating Scale for evaluating websites and abductive analysis to critique the underlying program theory.ResultsFive themes were identified in relation to recruitment: I want to see (women like) myself, Keep it real, Readability is for everyone, Why should I do it? and Find us where we live. The four program components were strongly supported as a package, but were valued differently for their relative importance. Results were used to refine the health coaching scheduling; website appearance and content; promotion and moderation of the Facebook group; and the structure, appearance and content of messages. Not all suggestions were actionable due to technological and time constraints, and the desire to keep program costs low enough for delivery at scale during the study and beyond. The program theory was expanded to encompass two emergent concepts.ConclusionsThis consultation resulted in substantial refinements to recruitment flyers and strategies, and all four program components. We anticipate that these refinements will increase the reach and appeal of the trial and optimise future scale-up. Consultation feedback, while specific to this program, may have wider transferability for recruitment and the design of programs with similar components targeting women aged 50+.

Improving Patient Understanding and Outcomes in Lung Cancer Using an Animated Patient's Guide with Visual Formats of Learning.

Lung cancer patient education resources that address barriers to health literacy, improve understanding, and demonstrate improved patient outcomes are limited. Our study aim was to evaluate and report on learner knowledge improvement and intent to implement behavior change, and validate the benefits of the You and Lung Cancer website and YouTube resources. Our study occurred from November 2017 to December 2023. We evaluated audience reach (visit sessions, unique visitors, country origins, page views) and calculated top views by media type (animations, expert videos, patient videos). We assessed the impact and commitment to change through learner surveys (areas of interest, intention to modify behaviors, and intention to discuss disease management with providers) and tested the knowledge of learners pre- and post-reviewing of website content. Our program reached 794,203 views globally; 467,546 were unique visitors; and 243,124 (51%) were unique visitors from the USA. Of US visitors, 46% identified as lung cancer patients. These were patients in treatment (38%), survivors (8%), family members or caregivers (21%), and healthcare providers (14%) with other audiences unspecified (19%). Three areas of highest learner importance were the animations "Understanding Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer" (180,591), "Staging of Lung Cancer" (144,238), and "Treatment and Management of Small Cell Lung Cancer" (49,244). Our study confirmed areas of importance to lung cancer patients and suggests that visual formats of learning, such as animations, can mitigate health literacy barriers and help improve patient understanding and outcomes. Exporting this format of learning to other cancers has the potential to benefit patients and improve health outcomes.

Opportunities to Improve Communication With Residency Applicants: Cross-Sectional Study of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program Websites.

As part of the residency application process in the United States, many medical specialties now offer applicants the opportunity to send program signals that indicate high interest to a limited number of residency programs. To determine which residency programs to apply to, and which programs to send signals to, applicants need accurate information to determine which programs align with their future training goals. Most applicants use a program's website to review program characteristics and criteria, so describing the current state of residency program websites can inform programs of best practices. This study aims to characterize information available on obstetrics and gynecology residency program websites and to determine whether there are differences in information available between different types of residency programs. This was a cross-sectional observational study of all US obstetrics and gynecology residency program website content. The authorship group identified factors that would be useful for residency applicants around program demographics and learner trajectories; application criteria including standardized testing metrics, residency statistics, and benefits; and diversity, equity, and inclusion mission statements and values. Two authors examined all available websites from November 2011 through March 2022. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA, with P<.05 considered significant. Among 290 programs, 283 (97.6%) had websites; 238 (82.1%) listed medical schools of current residents; 158 (54.5%) described residency alumni trajectories; 107 (36.9%) included guidance related to the preferred United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores; 53 (18.3%) included guidance related to the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination Level 1 scores; 185 (63.8%) included international applicant guidance; 132 (45.5%) included a program-specific mission statement; 84 (29%) included a diversity, equity, and inclusion statement; and 167 (57.6%) included program-specific media or links to program social media on their websites. University-based programs were more likely to include a variety of information compared to community-based university-affiliated and community-based programs, including medical schools of current residents (113/123, 91.9%, university-based; 85/111, 76.6%, community-based university-affiliated; 40/56, 71.4%, community-based; P<.001); alumni trajectories (90/123, 73.2%, university-based; 51/111, 45.9%, community-based university-affiliated; 17/56, 30.4%, community-based; P<.001); the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 score guidance (58/123, 47.2%, university-based; 36/111, 32.4%, community-based university-affiliated; 13/56, 23.2%, community-based; P=.004); and diversity, equity, and inclusion statements (57/123, 46.3%, university-based; 19/111, 17.1%, community-based university-affiliated; 8/56, 14.3%, community-based; P<.001). There are opportunities to improve the quantity and quality of data on residency websites. From this work, we propose best practices for what information should be included on residency websites that will enable applicants to make informed decisions.

Reflecting sex, social class and race inequalities in reproduction? Study of the gender representations conveyed by 38 fertility centre websites in 8 European countries

BackgroundFertility centre websites are a key sources of information on medically assisted reproduction (MAR) for both infertile people and the general public. As part of a global fertility market, they are also a window to attract potential future patients. They give formal and practical information but in the way the information is displayed, they also convey social representations, and in particular, gender representation in its intersectional dimension. The objective is to analyse the sex, class and race representations regarding reproduction and parenthood that are embedded in the content of fertility centre websites in eight European countries.MethodsThe 5 most visible fertility centres that appeared in the first places on Internet search were selected for each country under study, except for one country which has only three fertility centres. In total, 38 fertility centre websites were considered for a thematic analysis using an iterative approach and a comprehensive perspective.ResultsEach centre details its services and techniques according to the legal provisions in force in its country. However, on all the websites studied, the fertility centres demonstrate a strong gendered representation. The logos generally depict women or parts of their bodies, as do the photos, which mainly show white women with light eyes. The description of the causes of infertility and the techniques offered by the centres also highlights gender differences. Sperm donation, where MAR is reserved for heterosexual couples, is included among the techniques for women with the comment that it will enable them to fulfil their dream of becoming mothers.ConclusionsMAR, and through it the project of having a child and procreative work, is presented as a matter for white, cisgender and heterosexual women, thus fueling stratified reproduction and limiting reproductive justice. The research team formulated guidelines for fertility centres to encourage them to adopt a more inclusive approach in terms of sex, social class and race, so that the diversity of infertile people feel involved and welcome in these centres, to avoid misperceptions about infertility in the general population and to reinforce autonomy and justice in reproductive matters.