Content Of Training Courses Research Articles

Designing an evaluation tool for evaluating training programs of medical students in clinical skill training center from consumers’ perspective

IntroductionThe Clinical Skill Training Center (CSTC) is the first environment where third year medical students learn clinical skills after passing basic science. Consumer- based evaluation is one of the ways to improve this center with the consumer. This study was conducted with the aim of preparing a consumer-oriented evaluation tool for CSTC among medical students.MethodThe study was mixed method. The first phase was qualitative and for providing an evaluation tool. The second phase was for evaluating the tool. At the first phase, after literature review in the Divergent phase, a complete list of problems in the field of CSTC in medicine schools was prepared. In the convergent step, the prepared list was compared with the standards of clinical education and values of scriven. In the second phase it was evaluated by the scientific and authority committee. Validity has been measured by determining CVR and CVI: Index. The face and content validity of the tool was obtained through the approval of a group of specialists.ResultsThe findings of the research were in the form of 4 questionnaires: clinical instructors, pre-clinical medical students, and interns. All items were designed as a 5-point Likert. The main areas of evaluation included the objectives and content of training courses, implementation of operations, facilities and equipment, and the environment and indoor space. In order to examine the long-term effects, a special evaluation form was designed for intern.ConclusionThe tool for consumer evaluation was designed with good reliability and trustworthiness and suitable for use in the CSTC, and its use can improve the effectiveness of clinical education activities.

Система обучения программированию и выбор микроконтроллеров для управления электроприводами

Ability of university graduates to design electric drives (ED) implies that they have knowledge and skills to develop software for microcontrollers (MC) used in modern electric drive control systems (ED CS). Studies on this topic touch upon the issues of particular training courses or teaching methods, and laboratory benches mean only debug boards. Often, education process is designed on a piecemeal basis. A systematic approach is required to teach students programming of microcontrollers of ED CS. In the context of restrictions of manufacturers from the USA, Japan and Europe, the selection of microcontroller for training and developing the ED CS is also topical. When developing the interrelated training courses, the authors have used 20 years of experience of design of ED CS. Product design software packages and metalworking technologies have been used as tools to develop a specialized laboratory bench. The method of comparative analysis is used when selecting microcontrollers. A multi-level (3-stage) model of interrelated training courses to teach students programming MC of ED CS is described. The evolution of the contents of training courses is shown. The author-developed bench is presented. It includes the debug board, measuring (multimeter, oscilloscope) and debugging (interface converters) equipment placed on a special unit. A review is given, an analysis of studies on these issues is carried out, and recommendations to select MC of ED CS in the current situation are given. Implemented at the department, a systematic approach to teach students programming MC of ED CS gives them the qualifications necessary to independently perform tasks during the design of modern ED CS. The developed laboratory bench provides convenient and safety work with all debugging and measuring equipment used in the educational process. An overview and recommendations on the selection of MC of domestic and Chinese manufacturers will be useful for the developers of the electrical drive control systems.

Методологические подходы в организации педагогического сопровождения информационной безопасности подростков

The article deals with the actual problem of information security of adolescents, which is revealed through factors affecting the development of personality. The purpose of the study is the methodological justification of the developed and implemented model of pedagogical support of information security of adolescents in an institution of additional education and pedagogical conditions for its successful implementation. The work is based on theoretical analysis and generalization of pedagogical practice. The material for the study was the content of training courses on programming in an institution of additional education. The results of the study showed that the presented model of pedagogical support of information security of adolescents should be based on synergetic, axeological, socio-cultural and activity approaches. The article specifies the pedagogical conditions under which it is possible to form the qualities of a person capable of resisting information threats and conforming to the norms of our society.

ДОСВІД АВСТРАЛІЇ З ПІДГОТОВКИ, ОСВІТИ І ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ОПЕРАТИВНО-РЯТУВАЛЬНИХ СЛУЖБ

The article describes the experience of professional training and development of workers of operational and rescue services of Australia. The experience accumulated by specialists of operational and rescue services of Australia in the fight against the elements, disasters, liquidation of the consequences of various emergencies, which quite often occur on its territory, is invaluable and deserves study. Each state and territory has its own services that ensure the civil safety of the population and their property: police, fire service, emergency service, emergency agencies. Australia builds its emergency management policy on four main principles: preparedness, prevention, response and recovery. The assignment of responsibility for emergency response to schools is due to the fact that in Australia the school itself is considered a key center for the community. Teachers are perceived as potential leaders in emergency situations, whose task is to perform any action before, during or after an emergency. As part of the reorganization of the operational rescue service system, its training programs were formalized and professionalized. In most institutions of higher education, there is a policy of re-enrollment of credits and recognition of the results of previous informal education. The professionalization of specialist training is achieved through targeted programs from higher education institutions, which are designed specifically to order from the national government, state and territory governments or an employer. The aforementioned training programs are a valuable addition to on-the-job training. Some universities have opened emergency research centers that carry out scientific research in the field of civil security and emergency management, which contributes to obtaining reliable scientific results, a closer connection between theory and practice, the highest level of practices in the area of emergency management, indicates ways of its optimization, determines the content of training courses. In order to focus on one platform the maximum number of areas of educational activity on emergency situations, the Australian Knowledge Center the so-called "Knowledge Hub" was created. It is a national open platform that provides an opportunity for everyone to find everything they need for familiarization, training, self-education, professional development in the field of emergencies. Keywords: operational rescue service, emergency situation, civil safety, higher education institution, management in emergency situations, professional development, training of specialists.

МЕТОДИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАВЧАННЯ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ОСВІТНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА У ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ

The article examines the relevant needs of methodological support for the training of future educators to design an information educational environment in the process of course planning (topics, modules, units, and educational sessions). The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics and main directions of methodological support for the professional training of future educators in the process of studying the course “Pedagogical Design” whose main task is to teach the design of a holistic information educational environment. The development of methodological support for the training of future educators to design an information educational environment required completing the following tasks: studying the state of readiness for designing an information educational environment by future educators, as well as practicing educators; analysis of the requirements for the information educational environment and the current state of the problem in practice; identifying the leading methodological aspects of work in a digital educational environment that is modern, accessible and personal-centred. In order to find out the contradictions and gaps in the methodological support of the educational environment, related to the specifics of distance learning with Moodle tools, a SWOT-analysis was used, in which both students of master’s degree level and teachers were involved. Using the methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific and pedagogical research, modern approaches to the formation of an information educational environment have been developed, in particular from the point of view of educational design, and there has been found out such an approach to design which is called “Backward Design” or “Understanding by Design”. On the basis of the framing approach of “Backward Design”, reference points are proposed for the development of methodical training support for the design of a holistic educational environment by future educators (determination of learning goals based on a person-centered approach; design of measurement of the goal as a planned result; planning of interactive experience of educational activities). The specificity of the methodological support for the design of a modern information educational environment is manifested in the fact that the traditional methods of preparing educational materials by the teacher are ineffective because they are based on the content of the textbook or curriculum, but not on the context which is built on the activity of those who study. This is especially relevant in the conditions of distance education. From the point of view of “Understanding by Design”, the educator develops a learning system that is effective and appropriate for the participants. It is assumed that the creation of educational content (learning content) within the limits of the whole subject or its separate part from the point of view of the taxonomy of understanding will allow personalizing the educational process to ensure deep knowledge upon completion. The development of the content of training courses built on the principles of Backward Design can give the educator new opportunities to enhance perceptivity to learning.

Entrepreneurial Intention Research of Students of the Irkutsk Region

The study of choosing entrepreneurship as a career is on the agenda of many Russian and foreign researchers today, since it is one of the state policy trends, including youth policy. Scientists and practitioners evaluate entrepreneurial intentions at international and local level, give recommendations to government authorities; identify factors that contribute to the development of entrepreneurship for different categories of the population; show the role of higher education in the combined impact of these factors. The purpose of this work was to explore the entrepreneurial intentions of the students of the Irkutsk region. We determined entrepreneurial intentions using a toolkit for measurements. An online questionnaire was conducted for more than 3,000 respondents. They were the participants of events held in Irkutsk Region by the Fund for Support and Development of Entrepreneurship of the Irkutsk Region Center "My Business" as part of the implementation of the federal project "Creating conditions for an easy start of business" - the national project "Small and Medium Entrepreneurship and Support for Individual Entrepreneurial Initiative" with the participation of employees of Baikal State University. We provided recommendations to improve educational formats in teaching entrepreneurship, including through improving the content of training courses and media impact on students' entrepreneurial intentions.

Differences in the Awareness and Knowledge of Radiological and Nuclear Events Among Medical Workers in Japan.

BackgroundPrevious research revealed a lack of comfort and knowledge regarding nuclear and radiological events among medical staff. We investigated the awareness and knowledge of radiological and nuclear events among the Japanese medical staff by comparing differences by occupation (doctors, nurses, and other medical specialists).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among trainees undergoing Japanese disaster medical training courses between July 2014 and February 2016. The differences by occupation were evaluated for all questions on awareness and knowledge concerning disasters or radiological and nuclear events and demographics.ResultsAmong the occupations, there were significant differences in the willingness to work onsite based on the types of disaster, familiarity with the national disaster medical response system, the accuracy rate of some knowledge about medical practice and the risk, and demographic characteristics such as practical experience and educational degree. The accuracy rates of responses to some questions on knowledge were very low in all occupations.ConclusionThere were significant differences in awareness and knowledge of radiological and nuclear events by occupation. We believe that the results can be used to develop and modify the content of training courses on radiological and nuclear events to make such courses beneficial for each healthcare worker.

E-Learning Technologies for Future Teachers: Introduction of Educational Innovations in Higher School Practice

Mass introduction of e-learning in the higher education system due to spread of the pandemic has led to a search for effective information technologies and their adaptation, taking into account peculiarities of professional training of specialists in a particular field of knowledge. Based on the theoretical analysis, the conditions for ensuring professional growth of higher education teachers in accordance with the requirements of innovative development of society (improvement of professional education, continuing professional development, introduction of innovative pedagogical technologies, etc.) are established. Peculiarities of e-learning of specialists of pedagogical specialties and its functions in the process of their professional training are determined. The content of the concept of “e-learning” and ways to ensure its effectiveness (scientifically sound selection of the content of training courses, creation of discussion groups, feedback and online counselling).Innovative technologies of e-learning in the practice of higher education (gamification of the training process, use of cloud-based systems, information systems of intellectual teaching, mobile learning technologies, as well as virtual and augmented reality) are characterized. Their advantages, disadvantages and possibilities of introduction into the system of professional training of future teachers are determined. Creation of a model of continuous distance learning for high school teachers and experimental verification of its effectiveness seem promising.

The Use of Special Computer Technologies in Teaching Students with Hearing Impairment

In the educational process, it is not the information technology itself that is important, but the extent to which its use serves to achieve the actual educational goals. The choice of means of communication should be determined by content, not technology. This means that the choice of technologies should be based on the study of the content of training courses, the degree of necessary activity of trainees, their involvement in the learning process, specific goals and expected learning outcomes. The result of training depends not on the type of communication and information technologies, but on the quality of the development and provision of courses.

Empirical investigation of the dynamics of students' will qualities as subjects of the educational process in learning activities

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the dynamics of the manifestation of volitional qualities of students as subjects of the educational process. The results of the study can complement the content of training courses in the section "Will and volitional qualities" - general psychology: psychology of emotions and will; age-related psychology. In this study, the authors are based on the classification of volitional qualities developed by E.P. Ilyin. The dynamics of the volitional qualities of students as subjects of the educational process in the process of educational activities of the university is determined and described. The authors revealed the level of development of self-willed and moral-volitional qualities in students as subjects of the educational process at the initial stages of education at the university. It has been revealed and statistically confirmed that senior students as subjects of the educational process are characterized by a high level of self-willed qualities and an average level of moral and volitional qualities in educational activities. The content is revealed and the positive dynamics of self-volitional and moral-volitional qualities of students as subjects of the educational process in educational activities is determined

Psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the subjective attitude of students to educational and professional activities

The article touches upon the actual problem of vocational education the development of the subjective attitude of students to educational and professional activities in the light of the requirements of the dynamic development of socio-economic processes, the modern labor market. The current stage of a dynamic civilization, total informatization, places high demands on the self-development, self-education, self-improvement of a professional. One of the important skills of our time is the skill of managing one's own resources, a conscious attitude to building life trajectories (self-skills), respectively, the formation of such skills should be the focus of attention in the process of professional training of the younger generation. The purpose of this article is to present the experience of organizing psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of a conscious attitude of students to educational and professional activities, the development of subjectivity, the formation of supra professional skills. The main objectives of the article are to reveal the methodological basis for the construction of the author's course for first-year students "Psychology of personal and educational and professional effectiveness", to justify the choice of content, pedagogical methods and technologies used during the implementation of the program, to identify the effective aspects of the discipline and shortcomings indicating the need for further improvement of the course program. The methodological basis for the formation of the content of the author's training course was the research of the subject and subjectivity of the individual in domestic psychology, the specifics of the competence paradigm of education, the requirements of the modern labor market and the problems of the formation of universal skills in the modern system of vocational education. The presented article substantiates the selection of the content of the training course modules, self-diagnosis and self-development practices, and reveals the features and main difficulties of implementing the training course in offline and online learning. The practice of implementing the author's course program has shown the effectiveness of forming a subjective attitude to educational and professional activities, self-skills, as basic skills for the formation of universal competencies of future professionals.

Implementation of subject-professional training of University cadets of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

The article deals with topical issues of improving the level of training of cadets of educational institutions of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia for professional activities in the field of fire fighting. The application of the implemented disciplinary approach, which assumes a time-dispersed nature of studying various disciplines in the field of fire fighting, does not allow you to get concentrated knowledge, skills and sufficient experience in performing combat operations to extinguish fires, which affects the professional readiness of graduates for practical activities. The purpose of the study is to form a subject-professional approach that will allow, through the optional hours of the main educational program on the basis of previously formed skills and abilities, to implement through training courses concentrated training in the field of fire fighting to improve the professional readiness of graduates. To increase the level of professional readiness of graduates, the author studied the experience of practical training in the field of fire fighting, analyzed the activities of fire and rescue units in extinguishing, studied normative documents and scientific works in the subject area, has developed a subject-professional approach for concentrated training, as well as the subject-matter and content of training courses, has formed an evaluation tool for students. The author proposes to implement a subject-professional approach through the development and implementation of basic, special and additional training courses, for the formation of which modular, competence-based and contextual approaches were used, aimed at maximum professional orientation of training, courses that allow to increase the competence of graduates in the field of fire fighting. The author also proposes to implement the subjects of the training courses through practical classes based on the game forms of training that increase the educational and professional motivation of students. The author concludes that in order to increase the effectiveness and further development of the subject-professional approach, it is necessary to expand the subjects of training courses and improve them, taking into account the changing regulatory framework, the experience of fire and rescue units in fires, the development of fire extinguishing tactics and the introduction of new models of fire equipment and fire-technical equipment.

EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF TEACHING AND EDUCATION IN STUDENTS OF SPECIALTY PHYSICAL THERAPY, OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY: ADAPTATION OF THE UKRAINIAN VERSION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE K. ETLQ

The quality of education as an indicator of the development of society is characterized by various aspects and should be considered in the time dynamics. It is important to provide an opportunity to analyze and evaluate the quality of a significant component of the educational process as a training course. In order to improve the quality of educational activities in higher education institutions of Ukraine, tools for assessing the quality assurance system of higher education are being actively developed today.
 Objective: linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation of the tool "Questionnaire on the experience of teaching and learning" Experiences of Teaching and Learning Questionnaire in Ukrainian.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 632 students aged 2-6 years majoring in 227 - physical therapy, occupational therapy Lviv State University of Physical Culture named after Ivan Boberskyj in order to assess the disciplines of the curriculum. Data collection was conducted during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 academic years. Respondents rated 17 training courses. 
 Results. "Questionnaire on teaching and learning experience" - a tool that allows you to take into account and predict the impact of various factors on student learning outcomes of different specializations and levels of education, professional experience, motivation, etc., it is also suitable for use in different cultural environments. The survey was conducted on the following content blocks: "Approaches to teaching and learning", "Teaching and learning experience", "Training course requirements" and "What did you learn in this training course". Additional requirements of the course that students wanted to assess in the content block 3 are related to the organization of training, the structure and content of the course and the interaction between teacher and student. According to content block 4, from 41.46% to 55.85% of students indicated that they additionally received "quite a lot" of achievements related to the course and related to the activities of the student.
 Final rating scale for how well students managed to pass the course showed that 70% or more of the answers were high marks for passing the course (7, 8 and 9 points) were noted by senior students, in contrast to 2nd year students who rated themselves lower.
 Based on the results of studying the results of the questionnaire, taking into account the comments of respondents and the recommendations of the editor, the final adapted Ukrainian version of the Questionnaire on teaching and learning experience (ETLQ) was formed.
 Discussion of results. Researchers emphasize that students rely on knowledge, understanding and previous learning experience when studying any discipline. Reforming and improving the educational programs of the first and second educational levels of the specialty 227 physical therapy, occupational therapy in accordance with the new needs of the health care sector, approved educational standards and world standards continues.
 Conclusions. Linguistic and cross-cultural validation of the Teaching and Learning Experience Questionnaire (ETLQ) proved that the questionnaire is understandable and acceptable for the development and content of training courses, adjusting the approaches used by the teacher. The questionnaire allows the student to comprehend the efforts spent by him during training for high-quality training courses and increase the effectiveness of training.

ЦІННОСТІ ЗАХІДНОЇ ПРАВОВОЇ ТРАДИЦІЇ У ПОЛІТИЧНО-ПРАВОВІЙ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ПРОФЕСОРА В. Г. СОКУРЕНКА

The main directions of the scientific research by professor V. Sokurenko are analyzed in the article. It is found that the political and legal concept of the scholar, which was formed under the influence of political, economic, various social factors, was based on the natural-legal type of legal understanding. Scientific and pedagogical activity of V. Sokurenko, imbued with relevant ideas, gives grounds to speak about the integrity and non-contradiction of his political and legal concept, in particular, the late 80's – early 90s of the XX century. The concepts of the representatives of the historical school of law and the school of free law had a significant influence on the formation of the scholar's views. Professor V. Sokurenko was interested in the peculiarities of decision-making in the courts of common law, he was impressed by the law-making role of a judge, his ability to restore justice in the absence of a rule that directly regulates the relevant legal relations. It is concluded that the new socio-political circumstances of the late 80's – early 90's significantly influenced the scientific and pedagogical activities of V. Sokurenko. If formerly the ideas of domination of the rightful law, separation of powers, legal state, freedom of contract, the principles of the rule of law, the separation of law and legislation, the evaluative function of law, the guarantees of private property and others could be seen between the lines of numerous works of the scholar, the process of disintegration of the Soviet Union contributed not only to the emergence of new areas of research, but also to another content of training courses, taught to law students by professor V. Sokurenko. It is established that the central idea of the political and legal concept of the scholar is the problem of legal understanding. Almost all the issues that he considered in his training courses or in scientific research in one way or another concerned the understanding of law, its correlation with other phenomena, as well as legal values. It was important to note that the values in law are the predetermined requirements that law must meet. An effective legal order is formed as a result of following the values in the process of legal regulation, and deviating from them will have the opposite effect. The values of the European doctrine of legal understanding, enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union, as the basis of the political and legal concept of professor V. Sokurenko, allowed it to remain relevant to this day. Thus, teaching the political and legal concepts of philosophers and scholars of the past, the researcher had always stayed focused on the ideas of the rule of law, democracy, human rights. Having a natural-legal type of legal understanding, professor V. Sokurenko not only distinguished law from legislation, emphasized the axiological function of law, but also accented on the rule of rightful law. Today it is also topical for a scholar to interpret the concept of abuse of law as a form of use of legal norms, when in compliance with the legal form (letter of the law), there is a deviation from the social purpose of the norm (spirit of the law), which harms the common interest.

FEATURES OF ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS OF TRAINING IN A PROFESSIONAL LYCEUM

The variety of organizational forms of training used in the professional lyceum does not exclude the unity of the requirements for them. Therefore, the most important requirement for any organizational form of training and the criterion of its effectiveness is the creation of conditions that ensure either joint with the teacher, or independent, but necessarily developing students ' activities. The same education of all students is not possible. It never was, and it isn't now. Organizational forms of training should promote the activity of students ' learning activities: different content. The structure, the volume of educational work, corresponding to the real capabilities of each student, and most importantly-the creation of conditions that allow you to open up even with frontal forms of training. For example, through participation in conversations, when expressing one's opinion in the process of collective discussion of answers to questions that require creative search, guesswork, special attention is paid to the effectiveness of learning by intellectual emotions - emotions of surprise, guesswork, doubt, novelty, confidence, as well as emotions of success, failure, associated with the result of mental activity. To create a pedagogically appropriate emotional saturation of the learning process, it is necessary to think carefully, purposefully plan the activation of students ' intellectual emotions not only through the content of training courses, but also through the novelty of the method of obtaining knowledge through the use of non-standard organizational forms of training.

Антикоррупционное образование студентов вузов: формы и содержание

Purpose. To justify the need to improve the forms of anti-corruption education and the differentiation of its content. Methodology: methods of theoretical research (analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction, deduction, induction) and empirical methods (observation, measurement) that provide knowledge of the subject of research. Conclusions. Regardless of the form in which anti-corruption education is conducted, it is necessary for students to understand the unacceptability of corruption in any of its manifestations and to increase the level of corruption awareness, ethical culture in society, and especially among young people. Anti-corruption training and moral education in a broader sense should start with the younger generation. As the future of society, a young generation that values a culture of integrity is fundamental to fighting corruption in the long term. The more they are determined to live by the principles of honesty, justice and openness, the more likely they are to resist corruption. Scientific and practical significance. The aim of the study is to develop theoretical and legal approaches to the assessment of anti-corruption education at various levels of its implementation. In the article, the authors touch upon the legal foundations of anticorruption education of students, reveal the features of the content of training courses on anti-corruption issues and morality, depending on the level of education.

Open Educational Resources in the Development of Digital Learning Environment

During the period of the forced transition of universities around the world to the online education, the demand for digital free access services has grown. A unique opportunity has appeared to supplement and develop the theoretical and methodological provisions of online learning based on the analysis of the empirical results that characterize the relevance and effectiveness of the digital environment parts. The educational materials free available at the Internet are the part of the digital environment, which are combined into the concept of open educational resources (OER). The purpose of the study is to assess the relevance of OER for faculty, systematize the main ways of working with them, identify the motives and barriers for the development of OER by faculty. The study conducted among the lecturers at Russian universities showed the high importance and value of OER for their teaching and methodological activities to create and develop the training course content in digital environment. More than half of the faculty staff create and distribute their copyright materials on the Internet on their own initiative for the convenience of their students. The faculty and students freely exchange educational materials using a variety of web services. In conditions of increasing demands on faculty and content of training-course, OER is a valuable resource for educational activities. The analysis of the regulatory framework revealed a lack of OER policy in Russian universities, which is one of the barriers for lecturers to create OER. The results of the study made it possible to develop recommendations for the development of OER in the field of higher education: consolidate the concept of OER in the regulatory framework of education, provide methodological and legal support for the creation and use of OER by faculty, and conduct an information campaign to reveal the prospects and advantages of using OER in higher education.

Doctoral Programs Are in Anticipation of Change: Postgraduates and Their Scientific Supervisors’ Readiness

Nowadays a postgraduate school reform is expected. It aims at enhancing the scientific preparation of postgraduate students and increasing the number of dissertations. It is planned that the educational process will be carried out in accordance with federal state requirements, and a dissertation will be presented as the final qualification work. Also, the educational accreditation of doctoral programs is going to be cancel. The article discusses the question how far universities are ready for these innovations, and presents the results of a survey aimed at studying the attitude of postgraduate students and their supervisors to the educational process in postgraduate school. The empirical data obtained indicate that the existing model of scientific and pedagogical personnel training is more focused on the educational activities rather than research, there is a mismatch between content of training courses and cognitive needs of students, and there are no necessary material and technical conditions for conducting experimental work. The expected increase in hours for research activities can lead to a reduction in the disciplines that ensure the formation of pedagogical competencies in postgraduate students. The authors believe that pedagogical education for postgraduate students of industrial universities, including technical ones, is necessary, since teachers of special disciplines are not massively trained anywhere. The solution of the question of the optimal ratio of scientific and educational training is possible through the introduction of individual educational paths, which are built taking into account the orientation of postgraduate students towards teaching or research activities.

SHOCK-BRIGADE OF SOVIET RUSSIA’S PEDAGOGIC INSTITUTES: PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION AND CONTENT OF UNPUBLISHED DECREES

The article reveals and analyses the content of unpublished decrees on the shock-brigade of higher educational institutes adopted in Soviet Russia at the late 1920s. Despite the fact that the documents were signed by the government of the country, they have been practically not mentioned in the sourcebooks of legal acts, decrees of the Soviet government and historical and pedagogic literature. At the same time, they contributed to the transformation of the Russian system of pedagogic education, defi ning a course for the centralisation of management and outlining the contours of the model of continuous professional training of pedagogues. Evaluation of the text of the resolutions, their correlation with socio-cultural and historical conditions allowed us to determine the prerequisites for the formation of a shock-brigade of higher pedagogic educational institutions. Based on the analysis of archival sources in the Upper Volga region, the article provides examples of implementing the decision on the shock-brigade of pedagogic institutes at the regional level. The research materials supplement scientifi c information about the features of the national educational policy in the fi eld of teacher training and can be used to supplement the sourcebooks of legal acts of the beginning of the Soviet period of Russian history, implement modern educational policy in the fi eld of pedagogic education, analyse the activities of supporting universities, supplement the educational literature and content of training courses on the history of pedagogy and education.

Жіночі образи у медичному дискурсі автобіографічної романістики США

The aim of the research is to develop the typology and examine the features of women’s representations in the US literary works, focused on medical problematics.The research methodology is based on the application of modern literary studies in the fields of narratology, receptive aesthetics and literary hermeneutics. The paper analyses the author’s intentions and the role of the reader’s reception of medical discourse through the prism of gender studies and feminist literary criticism. We analyse the semi-autobiographical prose works by the American writers: “The Snake Pit” (1946) by Mary Jane Ward, “The Bell Jar” (1963) by Sylvia Plath, and “Prozac Nation” (1994) by Elizabeth Wurtzel. The theoretical significance of the research consists in the disclosure of women’s representations in the American literary and medical discourse in the diachronic focus. We examine the role of women as physicians, the peculiarities of representing women as nurses, as well as the narrative role of women as patients. The research is the first scientific attempt to examine the peculiarities of narrative representation of women in the literary and medical discourse of the US prose. The research demonstrates the transformation of women’s representations in the analysed novels, which directly reflects the emancipation tendencies over the course of the 20th century. These changes are naturally displayed in the narrative configuration of the prose works under consideration. The study of medical problems in a literary work through the prism of narratology and receptive aesthetics reveales the author’s intentionality and dimensions of the reader’s reception, as well as enables us to re-consider the socio-cultural phenomena, such as illness and health, norm and pathology. The results of the study will improve the content of training courses in the world literature and form a methodological basis for the development of special courses, theme-based seminars and academic syllabi.