Content Of TBA-active Products Research Articles

The influence of heat stress on the antioxidant protection glutathione link and the content of lipid peroxidation products in chicken liver

Heat stress is one of the main reactions of the body’s response to environmental factors, negatively affecting the welfare of various animal species. An increase in environmental temperature can cause stress, which, in turn, potentially has various negative consequences for animals including disruption of the antioxidant system functioning. Violating the antioxidant-prooxidant balance can lead to an increased free radicals formation in the body, which can damage cells and promote the development of various diseases. The article presents the study results of the artificially simulated heat stress effect on individual indicators of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation products in the chickens’ liver. The choice of these animals for this study is due to the fact that the poultry is particularly sensitive to the elevated environmental temperatures and, accordingly, to heat stress. This is caused by the biological peculiarities of birds, in particular, they lack sweat glands, and their body surface is mostly covered with feathers, which, together with the high density of keeping in the industrial poultry farming, often leads to the heat stress. The purpose of this work was to find out the presence or absence of changes in individual indicators of the antioxidant system glutathione link and the lipid peroxidation products content in chickens’ liver. The analysis of indicators such as lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), TBA-active products, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) will allow us to obtain information about the body’s antioxidant defense system state and the oxidative stress level under heat stress conditions. In this study we used 18 hens of the white Leghorn breed. The research was conducted in the vivarium of the Institute of Animal Biology of the National Academy of Sciences in two stages. During the first stage, chickens were kept at an air temperature of 20°С for 7 days. During the second stage, we created heat stress conditions by increasing the temperature to 35°С 6 hours a day, also for 7 days. It has been found that as the ambient temperature increased, the content of LOOH, GSH, and activity of GSH-Px in the liver of chickens increased (P<0.01), while, on the contrary, the content of TBA-active products and activity of GR decreased (P<0.01). The obtained data prove the heat stress effect on the antioxidant protection glutathione link in chicken liver. Research results can be of practical value for improving the bird keeping conditions in the industrial poultry farming, developing strategies for protection against stress, and improving the conditions to ensure the animals’ welfare and health.

Paclitaxel-induced neuropathy induces changes in oral cavity organs of rats

The developmental mechanisms of pathological changes in the oral cavity organs, in particular, periodontal tissues and salivary glands, were elucidated in the model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Experimental studies were performed on 41 white nonlinear rats of both sexes weighing 180–220 g. Toxic neuropathy was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel (Actavis Ltd; series 5GN5122) 2 mg/kg for 4 days (0, 2, 4 and 6). The presence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy was confirmed by the Randall-Selitto tensoalgometric test to determine the threshold of pain sensitivity. The total proteolytic activity, total antitryptic activity, and the content of TBA-active products were determined in the homogenate of the rat submandibular and sublingual salivary glands and periodontal soft tissues, content of oxidatively modified proteins, content of average mass molecules and catalase activity; α-amylase activity was also determined in the salivary glands of animals, and the content of free fucose and glycosaminoglycans in periodontal tissues. Paclitaxel-induced neuropathy causes the development of pathological changes in the oral cavity, in particular in periodontal tissues and salivary glands of rats, as evidenced by impaired proteinase-inhibitory potential, intensification of carbonyl oxidative stress, inhibition of protein synthetic function in salivary glands and increased depolymerization of non-collagenous proteins in periodontal soft tissues.

PARTICIPATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN THE PROCESS OF ADAPTATION OF THE BODY OF ATHLETES DURING INTENSE MUSCLE ACTIVITY

Introduction. One of the types of biochemical reserves of the human body is the antioxidant system, which reverses the destructive effect of free radicals and keeps the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) within physiologically safe limits. The article presents the results of determination of the antioxidant properties of the blood of wrestlers and boxers at rest and after physical activity for 10 minutes of recovery, after 1 hour and in the morning of the next day. The activation of LPO under the influence of physical activity is one of the manifestations of the general adaptation syndrome - stress, and the quantification of its parameters is important for the timely use of antistress agents and measures. The purpose of the study: to study the informative indicators of the antioxidant system of the blood of athletes of different specializations at rest and after the influence of physical activity. Materials and methods. The study involved 21 high-class athletes (men and women) aged 19-30 years. The content of TBA-active products was determined in the capillary blood of athletes by the colorimetric method of reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The peroxide resistance of erythrocytes was studied using a photometer LP-400, "Dr. Lange" (Germany), using ready – made reagent kits. Statistical processing of the data was performed using standard computer programs. Results. After control-training loads lasting about 1.5 hours in representatives of Greco-Roman wrestling and boxing, the content of TBA-active products and erythrocyte peroxidation increased significantly relative to the resting state at the 10th minute of recovery, after an hour and in the morning of the next day. The increase in the content of TBA-active products and erythrocyte hemolysis under the influence of physical activity indicates excessive activation of the process of free radical generation and increased LPO due to insufficient antioxidant protection. Conclusions. Summarizing the analysis and interpretation of the results of the study presented in this paper, as well as the results of previous studies, we can consider the fact of activation of LPO in tissues that function intensively during intense muscle activity and the important role of the body's AO system in ensuring high physical performance to be convincingly proven. The specificity of the functioning of individual mechanisms in various sports is an objective basis for the choice of means and methods of their correction, which provides a protective effect against the negative effects of increased free radical reactions and thereby increases the body's resistance to free radicals, stimulates the efficiency of muscle activity and accelerates the recovery process.

CHANGES IN THE ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF THE ORAL FLUID IN STUDENTS DURING THE APPRENTICESHIP

The aim of the paper is to assess changes in the antioxidant status of the oral fluid in students training for “woodworking machine operator” during apprenticeship.
 Materials and Methods. Twenty-four male students of secondary vocational education, aged 18–19, took part in the trial. The total antioxidant activity, the enzyme activity of the antioxidant defense system – superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, the content of TBA-active products, namely, malondialdehyde, were determined in students’ oral fluid before and after a 3-month apprenticeship.
 Results. After apprenticeship, an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity by 3.6 and 6.7 times relative to initial indicators was found in the oral fluid of students respectively. A decrease in the glutathione peroxidase activity by 5.3 times was also observed. The revealed changes were observed against the background of the overall balance of pro- and antioxidants in the oral fluid.
 Conclusion. The data obtained confirmed that any apprenticeship is accompanied by stress, in particular, oxidative stress. However, its main manifestations are balanced by an increase in the enzyme activity of the antiradical protection system. The revealed changes indicate the necessity to assess the nonspecific resistance system in students during apprenticeship and to improve the system if needed. The non-invasive nature of the study of the biological fluid determines the long-term benefits for using the method while monitoring the students’ metabolism during apprenticeship.

ПЕРЕКИС НЕОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ У СИНОВІАЛЬНІЙ РІДИНІ ХВОРИХ НА ОСТЕОАРТРИТ ПІСЛЯ SARS-CoV2-ІНФЕКЦІЇ

The 2019 coronavirus disease (Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) poses a great threat to the health of people in all countries of the world. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) is a respiratory disease characterized by the development of severe life-threatening complications. COVID-19 is more likely to be severe and sometimes fatal, especially in older people with co-morbidities. A topical issue is predicting the course of chronic diseases in people who have contracted a coronavirus infection. An increasing number of cases of arthritis associated with COVID-19 have been reported in the literature, making this condition worthy of further study. It is known that the development of osteoarthritis is associated with oxidative stress and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxidation products can serve as a marker of the intensity of free radical processes. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis after SARS-CoV2 infection. All study participants were divided into two groups. The first group (n=22) is patients with osteoarthritis of knee joints II-III degree. The second group (n=14) is patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints II-III degree, who suffered a mild and moderate form of COVID-19 6-9 months ago. In the conducted studies, the products of lipid peroxidation in the synovial fluid of patients of all research groups were evaluated.The content of diene conjugates was determined in the heptane-isopropanol extract by the spectrophotometric method, Schiff bases by the fluorimetric method. The content of TBA-active products was determined by the reaction with thiobarbituric acid (TBA). The processing of the research results was carried out using generally accepted methods of variational statistics. It was established that in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints who contracted COVID-19, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products increases compared to the group of patients with osteoarthritis (diene conjugates – by 1.7 times, TBА-active compounds – by 1,5 times, Schiff bases – 1.3 times). The detected changes indicate a violation of the oxidative-antioxidant balance. This indicates the prevalence of free radical processes and the development of oxidative stress directly in the joint. The results obtained by us indicate that patients with osteoarthritis may develop more severe joint damage and complications after infection with COVID-19.

Realization of protective and symbiotic properties of soybeans using fungicide seed treatment

Aim. The elaboration of efficient legume-rhizobial symbiosis systems, involving active strains of nodule bacteria, in the combination with fungicide seed treatment may be an alternative method of providing ecologically friendly nitrogen sources to plants and promoting their tolerance to the external factors, which is relevant for preservation and restoration of envi- ronmental quality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment with fungi- cides, which differ in the action spectrum of active substances – Standak Top (fipronil, 250 g/l, thiophanate-methyl, 225 g/l, pyraclostrobin, 25 g/l) and Maxim XL (fludioxonyl, 25 g/l, metalaxyl, 10 g/l), on the intensity of the development of lipid peroxidation processes, the activity of antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase and nitrogen fixation activity in soybeans on the early stages of forming legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of a bacterial culture, seed inoculation), physiological (vegetative experiment), biochemical (spectrophotometric determination of the content of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase; measuring the nitrogen-fixation activity using a gas chro- matography). Results. It was found that pre-sowing fungicide treatment of soybean seeds and subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b did not result in the change in the content of TBA-active products in roots and root nodules (the values of indices were within the experiment deviation). At the same time, after seed inoculation using rhizobia and treat- ment with Maxim XL, there was an increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the roots from 20.3 to 30.8 %, and with Standak Top – from 20.0 to 29.8 % during the early stages of ontogenesis till the formation of the third ternate leaf. Here, the activity of the enzyme in root nodules increased by 24.7–40.3 % at the fungicidal effect. Our data demonstrate that the combination of fungicide seed treatment and inoculation with active rhizobia does not induce lipid peroxidation processes, but promotes the initiation of protective antioxidant properties in soybeans. It is accompanied with efficient functioning of the symbiotic apparatus, which is manifested in the increase in nitrogen-fixing activity of nodule bacteria, formed by active rhizobia of strain 634b after the seed treatment with Standak Top – by 98.3 and 78.1 % and after Maxim XL – by 78.6 and 196.2 % respectively, during the stages of the second and third ternate leaves. Conclusions. The pre-sowing soybean seed treatment with fungicides Standak Top and Maxim XL and the subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b does not induce the development of lipid peroxidation processes, but increases the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, ascor- bate peroxidase, in the roots and root nodules, which is accompanied with the efficient work of the symbiotic apparatus on the early stages of determining legume-rhizobial symbiosis. This method of seed treatment may be a novel measure, to use in the technologies of cultivating soybeans to enhance the realization of the symbiotic potential and meet the needs of plants in ecologically friendly nitrogen, and to promote the formation of their tolerance to the corresponding cultivation conditions.

The study of oxidative stress indicators in rats with a simulated acute hepatitis and correction with a thick extract from reishi mushrooms

The aim. To study the effect of a dry extract from reishi mushrooms on the activity of lipoperoxidation and oxidative modification of proteins under the conditions of a simulated paracetamol hepatitis in rats.
 Materials and methods. The study was performed on white male rats. The animals were divided into 10 groups, each included 6 animals. Acute hepatitis was simulated by the intragastric administration of paracetamol in the dose of 1250 mg/kg once per day (for 2 days). Correction of the pathology induced was performed with a dry extract of reishi mushrooms in the dose of 100 mg/kg of the body weight. The reference drug “Silybor” was administered in the dose of 20 mg/kg of the animal body weight. On Day 3, 7 and 10 from the beginning of the lesion, rats were euthanized using sodium barbamyl. The liver homogenate and blood serum were used for the studies. The activity of free radical oxidation processes under the conditions of acute toxic hepatitis and after the introduction of corrective factors was assessed by superoxide dismutase, catalase activity, the content of TBA-AP and OMP products.
 Results and discussion. The development of acute paracetamol hepatitis in rats and damage of hepatocyte membranes are indicated by an increase in the content of TBA-active products, products of oxidative modification of neutral and basic proteins in the serum and liver of animals. Simultaneously, a decrease in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was observed. After correction of the pathology induced with a dry extract of reishi mushrooms a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, a decrease in the content of lipid peroxidation products and oxidative modification of proteins in the serum and liver of the affected animals were observed.
 Conclusions. It has been experimentally proven that the use of dry extract of Reishi mushrooms in paracetamol hepatitis in rats caused a significant decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, a decrease in TBA-AP, neutral and basic 2,4-DNPH in the serum and liver of animals. The results of the research indicate an effective impact of reishi mushrooms dry extract on the normalization of lipoperoxidation, oxidative modification of proteins and antioxidant protection

Features of the Functional State of the L-arginine / NO-synthase / Arginase System and Oxidative Processes in Patients with end-stage Renal Disease due to Chronic Glomerulonephritis Before and After a Hemodialysis Session

Features of the Functional State of the L-arginine / NO-synthase / Arginase System and Oxidative Processes in Patients with end-stage Renal Disease due to Chronic Glomerulonephritis Before and After a Hemodialysis Session

The role of mandible injury in the pathogenesis of biochemical and functional liver disorders caused by acute blood loss and two-hour ischemia of limbs, and the efficiency of their correction by carbacetam

Introduction. In the modern world, the prevalence of gunshot wounds has increased significantly. The main cause of death under conditions of gunshot wounds is acute massive blood loss from the extremities. Applying hemostatic tourniquet according to these conditions belongs to the basic aid measures for the wounded on the battlefield. In the structure of gunshot wounds, despite the injury of the extremities, has recently significantly increased the frequency of frontal part injuries of the skull, which remains the least protected part of the body of combatants. There are lesions of the face and facial skeleton in a third of cases with such injuries. However, the effect of mandibular fracture on systemic disorders of acute blood loss complicated by two-hour ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, practically not studied, there are no data on the effectiveness of carbacetam in the case of these conditions.Objective of research: to determine the role of mandibular injury in the pathogenesis of metabolic and functional disorders of the liver caused by acute blood loss and two-hour ischemia of the limb, and to establish the effectiveness of their correction with carbacetam.Materials of the research and their discussion. The experiments were performed on 106 nonlinear male rats weighing 200-220 g. All animals were divided into four groups: control and three experimental. In the first experimental group, the animals were modeled acute blood loss (20% of the circulating blood volume) by intersection of the femoral vein. Ischemia-reperfusion of the limb was simulated on the adjacent thigh by applying a strip of elastic tourniquet "SWAT-T" (USA)10 mm wide for 120 minutes proximately on the left foot. In the second experimental group, animals with acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, a fracture of mandible from the left was additionally simulated. In the third experimental group, animals with acute blood loss, ischemia-reperfusion of the limb and mandibular fracture for corrective purposes were intraperitoneally administered carbacetam at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal weight.After 1 and 2 hours, as well as after 1, 7 and 14 days in experimental animals were determined indicators of bile-forming, biliary and absorption-excretory function of the liver. Liver homogenate was used to determine the content of thiobarbituric acid reagents (TBA-active LP products), catalase activity, antioxidant-prooxidant index (API) was calculated, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was determined in serum.Result of the research and their discussion. It is established that modeling of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb is accompanied by increased intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the liver, depletion of antioxidant protection with a shift of antioxidant-prooxidant balance towards the strengthening of prooxidant mechanisms. This leads to increased cytolysis and the formation of liver disorder, which is manifested by a slowdown in the formation of total bile acids and the rate of bile secretion with a maximum after 1 day of observation.In the case of these conditions, additional fracture of the mandible contributes to the deterioration of the biochemical and functional state of the liver with a maximum of 1-7 days of observation. By 14 days, the indicators improve, but do not reach the level of control.Thus, a fracture of the mandible exacerbates the severity of systemic disorders caused by acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb. The use of carbacetam under these conditions caused a significant decrease in the content of TBA-active products in the liver, an increase in catalase activity and the value of API after 7-14 days of use. There is also a decrease in the activity of ALT in the blood serum, an increase in the content of total bile acids in the bile, the rate of bile excretion and a decrease in the duration of excretion of bromosulfalein.Conclusions: Additional simulation of mandibular fracture on the background of acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb is accompanied by a deepening of metabolic and functional disorders in the liver. The use of carbacetam for 7-14 days in the reperfusion period for animals with acute blood loss, ischemia-reperfusion of the limb and mandibular fracture, compared with animals without correction, causes a significant decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation and cytolysis, less depletion of bile-forming, biliary and absorption -excretory function of the liver.

CHRONOPHARMACOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SILIMARIN’S HEPATOPROTECTOCAL ACTIVITY UNDER PARACETAMOL HEPATITIS IN RATS

Determination of dependence of the efficiency and toxicity of drugs on the time of day or season is one of the most promising areas of modern experimental and clinical pharmacology. The aim of the study. Aim is to identify features of daily rhythms of silymarin influence on the state of antioxidant/prooxidant and cytolytic processes (the leading link in the implementation of hepatoprotective activity) with paracetamol in rats under conditions of acute toxic liver damage. Materials and methods. Chronopharmacological action features of silymarin were studied by use of the generic drug "Karsil" as an example (Sopharma, Bulgaria) with paracetamol in rats under conditions of acute toxic liver damage. The state of the processes of POL-AOS was evaluated by the content of TBA-active products (TBA-AP), the content of recovered glutathione, the activity of SOD, catalase in hepatocytes, and the cytolytic processes by the activity of ALT in serum. Results. There was established a certain chronoarchitectonics of the rhythms of the antioxidant protection system and the activity of the processes of peroxidation in rats under physiological conditions, which was not disturbed by paracetamol on the background of acute liver damage (with the exception of level of acrophase catalase activity). The same dynamics and commonality of rhythms occurred on the background of the use of silymarin. The maximum display of silymarin hepatoprotective activity was observed under conditions of its use in the morning (09.00) and in the evening (21.00). Conclusions. The use of silymarin during periods of maximal display of its hepatoprotective activity, in the morning (09.00) and in the evening (21.00) may be the way to increase its bioavailability. Chronopharmacological features of silymarin activity have been established and should be taken into account when to conduct its further chronopharmacological studies.

Determination of conditionally therapeutic dose of dry extract from Salat Crop leaves on a model of tetrachlormethane lesion of liver in rats

Topicality. The search for natural remedies that would exhibit antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, detoxification, antioxidant, choleretic, hepatoprotective actions and positively influenced the entire body in order to create new medicines based on them is one of the pressing issues of modern pharmacology and pharmacy. Plants used for food can serve as a basis for new medicines.Aim. To establish a conditionally therapeutic dose of the extract from lettuce leaves in the experiment with simulated tetrachloromethane hepatitis in rats.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on white outbred male rats, who were simulated toxic liver damage with carbon tetrachloride (twice (every other day) at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg body weight). Euthanasia was performed using sodium thiopental on the fourth day after the introduction of carbon tetrachloride in compliance with all rules for working with vertebrate animals. For the study, extract doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg per kilogram of body weight of the animal were used. The activity of lipid peroxidation was assessed by the content of TBAactive products, the activity of membrane-destructive processes - by the activity of aminotransferases (AsAT and AlAT), the state of the antioxidant system by the content of CP and catalase activity.Results and discussion. It was noted that the lesion of rats with carbon tetrachloride causes a significant (p ≤ 0.05)increase in serum levels of TBA-active products (2.1 times), ceruloplasmin (5.6 times) and aminotransferase activities. At the same time, a decrease in catalase activity is observed (by 5.8 times). The activity of AsAT and AlAT in the serum during this period increases almost equally – by 4 times. Significant changes in the studied parameters observed after application of a dose of 100 mg / kg of body weight of animals.Conclusions. A conditionally therapeutic dose of the extract is considered to be a dose of 100 mg/kg of bodyweight, which has a positive effect on the indices of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system and cytolysis under conditions of modeled toxic hepatitis.

Comparative effectiveness of different therapeutic methods for calves with abomazoenteritis

The article presents the results of the comparative effectivness of different treatment regimens of calves with abomazoenteritis. Three groups of black-and-white-breed calves of the age of 1–1.5 months were formed for 5 animals in each of the 1st and 2nd experimental (patients with abomazoenteritis) and control – clinically healthy animals. Treatment of sick calves in experimental groups was performed using diet therapy, antimicrobial and rehydration therapy. Animals of the second experimental group, in addition, used detoxification means and Sel-Plex. It was found that calving treatment with the use of diet, antimicrobial, detoxication, rehydration therapy helped to eliminate the main clinical symptoms of the disease. Positive changes were established during laboratory blood tests: the number of red blood cells, leukocytes, hemoglobin, total protein and hematocrit was normalized. In animals with abomazoenteritis, during treatment decreased the activity of transaminases decreased, the content of TBA-active products and medium-weight molecules. The treatment was effective and contributed to a reduction in the duration of their clinical recovery, but the normalization of biochemical parameters was more pronounced in animals of the second experimental group. Application together with antimicrobial and rehydration means of Sel-Plex and detoxification drugs accelerated the restoration of basic biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, TBK-active products and medium-weight molecules) to normal, and therefore reduced the metabolic intoxication of the animals organism.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СУХОГО ЕКСТРАКТУ З ЛИСТЯ ХОСТИ ЛАНЦЕТОЛИСТОЇ ДЛЯ КОРЕКЦІЇ МЕТАБОЛІЧНИХ ПОРУШЕНЬ ЗА УМОВ АДРЕНАЛІНОВОГО УРАЖЕННЯ МІОКАРДА

Вступ. Однією з особливостей розвитку серцевих захворювань є активація процесів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, збільшення кількості прооксидантних процесів, що є наслідком впливу на живу систему гемодинамічних порушень і спричинених ними гіпоксичних явищ. Для лікування захворювань серцево-судинної системи використовують рослинні препарати на основі речовин флавоноїдної природи, які мають широкий спектр активності. Застосування лікарських засобів на основі даних речовин зумовлене вираженими антирадикальними властивостями.
 Мета дослідження – встановити антиоксидантні та мембранопротекторні властивості сухого екстракту з листя хости ланцетолистої на моделі ураження міокарда токсичними дозами адреналіну.
 Методи дослідження. Дослідження виконано на білих щурах-самцях, яким моделювали некротичне ушкодження міокарда шляхом введення 0,18 % розчину адреналіну гідротартрату з розрахунку 0,5 мг/кг маси тіла. Одній із груп тварин, уражених адреналіном, вводили сухий екстракт з листя хости ланцетолистої в дозі 100 мг/кг маси тіла, іншій – кардіопротектор корвітин у дозі 42 мг/кг маси тіла. У сироватці крові визначали вміст ТБК-активних продуктів, активність аспартатамінотрансферази та креатинфосфокінази, активність супероксиддисмутази і вміст церулоплазміну, в міокарді – вміст ТБК-активних продуктів та вищеназвані органоспецифічні ензими.
 Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що введення адреналіну в дозі 0,5 мг/кг маси тіла призводило до активації процесів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів у міокарді та сироватці крові щурів, на що вказувало збільшення вмісту ТБК-активних продуктів протягом 48 год від початку експерименту. Водно­час відмічали зниження в сироватці крові активності супероксиддисмутази та підвищення вмісту церулоплазміну, що свідчило про глибокі порушення в ензимній ланці антиоксидантної системи. Дослідження активності аспартатамінотрансферази в щурів, уражених адреналіном, показало її зростання в сироват­ці крові у всі терміни дослідження та зниження в міокарді. Аналогічні зміни відзначено при вивченні активності креатинфосфокінази у тварин після розвитку адреналінової кардіопатії. Застосування сухого екстракту з листя хости ланцетолистої мало ефективний вплив на про- та антиоксидантні показники в щурів після ураження, а також привело до нормалізації активності органоспецифічних ензимів міокарда.
 Висновок. Сухий екстракт з листя хости ланцетолистої проявляє антиоксидантні властивості за умов адреналінової кардіопатії, що може бути передумовою для подальших експериментальних досліджень даного лікарського засобу.

Influence of mechanical resistance of red cells on expressiveness of hemolysis after cardiopulmonary bypass

The study enrolled patients with ischemic heart disease with moderate (37 patients) and apparent hemolysis (18 patients) after coronary bypass surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Before and after the operation the concentration of free hemoglobin in blood plasma, mechanical resistance of red cells, content of TBA-active products and the general antioxidant activity in red cells were studied, while taking into account the artificial blood circulation activity and perfusion speed as well. It was established that among patients with apparent post-perfusion hemolysis the level of TBA-active products in red cells increased after surgery, while their general antioxidant activity tended to decrease. Development of moderate hemolysis is not accompanied by changes in the oxidant-antioxidant balance of red cells. There were no reliable differences in the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, perfusion volume velocity, as well as mechanical resistance of red cells among the groups of patients at both levels of the study. Thus, individual-conditioned apparent post-perfusion hemolysis is based on a free-radical mechanism of red cell damage, and not on a mechanical trauma of blood cells when under cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cortical regulation of content of TBA-active products in cow blood plasma

Cortical mechanisms of regulation of the content of TBC-active products in the cow’s organism depending on the season are given in the article. Experiments were carried out on cows of Ukrainian black-and-rumped breed of second-third lactation of different types of higher nervous activity. It is established that in cows with a weak type of higher nervous activity, the content of TBA-active products in blood plasma is higher than in strong cows. Thus, in the summer, this indicator in animals of the weak type of higher nervous activity was higher by 18.0% (P < 0.01) in accordance with the indicators of animals of a strong, balanced, mobile type of higher nervous activity. At the same time, in winter, the content of TBA-active products in the plasma of blood of animals of the weak type of higher nervous activity is greater by 13.0% compared to the indicators of strong, balanced, mobile type cows. The effect of cortical processes on the content of TBA-active products in the summer is – ɳ2х = 0.28 (P < 0.05), but in winter it decreases to an average of ɳ2х = 0.17. The equilibrium of the cortical processes significantly influenced the TBA- active products content, both in the summer and in winter, è2x2 = 0.24–0.30 (P < 0.05). The mobility of cortical processes does not have a significant effect on the content of TBK-active products. Reliable influence of the type of higher nervous activity (F = 3.86 > FU = 3.01; p = 0.02) on the content of TBC-active products in the blood plasma of cows was established. Then, as the season does not limit the content of TBA-active products in the blood plasma of cows (F = 2.18 <FU = 4.26; p = 0.15). It is proved that the time of year does not affect the main characteristics of cortical processes (F = 0.09 < FU = 3.0; p = 0.96). But only the effect of cortical processes in summer directly correlates with the content of TBA-active products in the blood plasma of cows (r = -0.67; P < 0,05). Thus, the influence of the type of higher nervous activity on the content of TBA-active products in the plasma of cows in different seasons is established. In animals with a weak type of higher nervous activity, a higher content of TBA-active products in plasma was detected.

Взаємозалежність про- й антиоксидантного статусу і калікреїн-кінінової системи у тварин різного віку за умов ранньої та пізньої політравми

Introduction. The last decades are characterized by significant growth of injuries, especially in young people, which have a variety of causes. One of the pathogenetic links of traumatic disease is a violation of prooxidant-antioxidant and kallikrein-kinin systems. Data on changes in the indicators of the system of lipid peroxidation –antioxidant defense –kallikrein-kinin system are disparate and contradictory in people of all ages and at different periods of traumatic disease.The aim of the study–to establish interdependence between pro- and antioxidant system and general and specific proteolysis parameters in rats of different ages in early and late display of polytrauma.Research methods. Simulation of polytrauma was performed under the thiopental sodium anesthetizing (60 mg per kilogram of weight). In aseptic conditions, the animals were caused bleeding from the femoral vein (about 20% of the volume of circulating blood), 1 ml of which was injected into a paranephrine cellulose to reproduce endogenous intoxication. Then from the operative access by the forceps of Luer, the left astragalus was broken, a wound on the thigh was sewn. The research was conducted after 1, 3, 24 hours and 14 days after the polytraumatic simulation. The activity of superoxide dismutase in blood serum was determined by Chiavari's method. The activity of catalase in the liver homogenate and blood plasma was determined by the method of M.A. Koroliuk and co-authors. The content of ceruloplasmin in blood serum was determined according to the method of V. H. Kolba, V.S. Kamyshnikov. The content of TBA-active products was determined according to the method of B.V. Havrylov, and indicators of kallikrein-kinin system– by K. M. Veremieienko. The analysis of the interdependency between the two features in the presence of a normal distribution was estimated following the results of the Pearson’s correlation analysis (r).Results and Discussion. Having analyzed the interdependency between the pro- and antioxidant system and the indicators of the general and specific proteolysis in the early stages of traumatic disease in animals 3 months of age, we established the presence of a statistically significant inverse correlation between the level of kallikrein and the activity of superoxide dismutase (r=-0.69; p<0.05) for one hour after the polytraumatic simulation. The activation of nonspecific proteolysis was confirmed by the presence of direct statistically significant correlation bonds between the level of proteolytic activity and the level of malondialdehyde (r=0.65; p<0.05) for 1 hour and between proteolytic activity and the level of lipids hydroperoxides for 3 hours of traumatic disease (r=0.67; p<0.05). The decrease in the protective mechanisms of the antioxidant defense system confirmed a significant inverse correlation between proteolytic activity and the catalase of blood in the early stages of polytrauma (r=-0.67;p<0.05) in animals 3 months of age. In the reproductive rats 6 months of age for 1 hour after polytraumatic simulation, fixed inverse statistically significant correlation relations between the level of kallikrein, blood catalase and ceruloplasmin of blood serum (r=0.89 and r=0.72, respectively; p<0.05). For 3rdhour of the experiment, the existence of inverse correlation relationships between the level of precalicine and the activity of the liver catalase (r=-0.80; p<0.05) was established, which proves the decrease of protective resources of antioxidant defense system with the activation of kallikrein-kinin system.Conclusion.Detected dependencies confirm that increase of the intensification of lipid peroxidation processes, the activation of general and specific kallikrein-kinin system proteolysis, and the reduction of adaptive resources of antioxidant defense system leads to an increase in lipid disequilibrium in animals of different age groups with polytrauma and vice versa, the increase of lipid status disorders leads to an increase in disequilibrium in the system of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense –kallikrein-kinin system.

Influence of long-term per oral taurine treatment on activity of liver enzymes in mature rats

Taurine is sulfur-containing derivative of methionin and cysteine that plays a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Taurine regulates antioxidant defense system, membrane potential of mitochondria, and glycolysis. Thus, it might have a serious impact on cell metabolism in mammals. The aim of this work was to study the influence of long-term per oral taurine treatment (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) on the antioxidant defense system, cholesterol content, activity of transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase in rat liver. To achieve that goal, mature Wistar rats (weight 140–160 g, age – 4 months) were divided in four groups – control, rats which once a day during 28 days were injected drinking water in esophagus, and three experimental groups, that were injected taurine solution in concentrations: І – 5 mg/kg, ІІ – 10 mg/kg and ІІІ – 20 mg/kg of body mass. After 28 days, rats were decapitated under light chloroform narcosis and liver mass was determined. In liver, content of cholesterol, TBA-active products and activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, transaminases, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Our results show that after a long-term per oral taurine treatment liver mass decreased by 27.5 % comparing to control group. Lactate dehydrogenase activity increased two times, while the activity of alanine aminotranferase and aspartate aminotransferase in mitochondrial fraction increased by 40–90 % in liver of animals of all experimental groups. Total activity of these enzymes in rat liver increased by 20–37 % in all experimental groups. Cholesterol content increased dy 32.4 % in rats of experimental group II. This may indicate intensification of liver metabolism. The content of TBA-active products in submitochondrial and mitochondrial fractions increased more than two times in rats of experimental groups II and III. The activity of superoxide dismutase in the submitochondrial fraction increased by 49.8 and 36.5 % in liver of that rats. The activation of superoxi­de dismutase and a rise in content of TBA-active products may suggest a rise of free oxygen radicals production and inability of antioxidant defense system. These results may indicate a negative influence of taurine in doses higher than 5 mg/kg, since the balance between antioxidant protection and lipid peroxidation processes was violated.

Застосування ентеросорбенту “карболайн” для корекції окиснювальних процесів у щурів різного віку, уражених натрію нітритом на тлі тютюнової інтоксикації

Introduction. One of the priorities of toxicology and medicine is the study of the characteristics and mechanisms of action of combined xenobiotics – many risk factors for environmentally dependent diseases. Under the influence of extreme factors of various origins (heavy metals, nitrates, pesticides, tobacco, alcohol), formation of ROS, leading to the development of oxidative stress in the organism, which is accompanied by activation of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins is enhanced. Under these conditions antioxidants and sorbents are commonly used.The aim of the study – to explore efficiency of enterosorbent karbolayn and its effect on oxidative processes in rats of different ages affected by sodium nitrite on the background of the 30-day tobacco intoxication.Research Methods. Given the defeat of rats of different ages sodium nitrite on the background of tobacco intoxication were tested for the ROS in the population of neutrophils, obtained by centrifugation on a double density gradient 1.077 and 1.093 ficoll-verografin, the content of TBA-active products in reaction with thiobarbituric acid and oxidative modification of proteins 2.4 dynitrofenilhidrazones content.Results and Discussion. The highest activity of free radical processes was marked after the defeat of sodium nitrite in 72 hours to 30 day of suspension toxicity of tobacco smoke. Immature and old rats were much more sensitive to the action of toxins than mature animals. Immature and old rats were much more sensitive to the action of toxins than mature animals. In order to inhibition of oxidative processes activated sorbent used by us karbolayn led to a slight normalization of the studied parameters. There was a trend toward reduction of reactive oxygen species in blood, TBA-active products and 2.4 dynitrophenilhidrazones in the studied tissues.Conclusions. The results indicate the advisability of including karbolayn to comprehensive treatment of poisoning of various origins.

Динаміка балансу антиоксидантно-прооксидантних механізмів у внутрішніх органах під впливом артеріального джгута і реперфузії кінцівки

В сучасних умовах значно зросла частота травм із масивною зовнішньою кровотечею, які вимагають негайного накладання артеріального джгута на кінцівку з безпечним терміном до 2-х год. В окремих роботах показана можливість розвитку ускладнень як під джгутом, так і внаслідок реперфузії кінцівки. Однак її влив на антиоксидантно-прооксидантний баланс внутрішніх органів вивчений недостатньо.Мета дослідження. З’ясування впливу двогодинного застосування артеріального джгута і реперфузії кінцівки на динаміку антиоксидантно-прооксидантних механізмів у печінці, легенях і нирці.Матеріали і методи. Експерименти виконано на 36 нелінійних щурах-самцях масою 200-220. У дослідних групах під тіопепнтало-натрієвим знечуленням (40 мг·кг-1) проксимально на ліву лапку накладали смужку джгута «SWAT-T» шириною1 см на 120 хв. Тварин дослідних груп виводили з експерименту через 60 хв, 120 хв, 24 год, 7 і 14 діб після реперфузії. В контрольній групі тварин вводили в наркоз, застосовуючи еквівалентну дозу тіопенталу натрію, накладали джгут без припинення кровотоку і в подальшому виводили з експерименту через 2 год. Для дослідження брали печінку, нирку та легені. У гомогенатах зазначених органів визначали вміст реагентів до тіобарбітурової кислоти (ТБК-активних продуктів ПОЛ), активність каталази. За співвідношенням активність каталази / вміст ТБК-активних продуктів ПОЛ розраховували антиоксидантно-прооксидантний індекс (АПІ).Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У контролі інтенсивність ліпопероксидації і активність каталази збільшувалися від печінки до нирки і легень. Після реперфузії кінцівки в досліджуваних органах відмічалося зростання інтенсивності ліпідної пероксидації, про що свідчило накопичення ТБК-активних продуктів, яке в печінці було вірогідно більшим, ніж у контролі, до 14 доби, в легенях – до 7 доби, в нирці – протягом 24 год. Активність каталази в органах була істотно більшою від контролю у всі терміни спостереження з максимумом через 24 год. Показник був вірогідно більшим у нирці. Величина АПІ в нирці і легенях підвищувалася до 24 год після реперфузії кінцівки і до 14 доби знижувалася, не досягаючи рівня контролю. В печінці динаміка показника була коливальною з першим підвищенням через 1 год, зниженням – через 2 год і подальшим зростанням до 14 доби. Наведені дані вказують на тривале напруження адаптаційно-компесаторних механізмів, спрямованих на усунення патогенних чинників, зумовлених накладанням джгута, двогодинною ішемією та подальшою реперфузією кінцівки. Отримані результати вимагають подальшого поглибленого вивчення, проте вже тепер вказують на небезпечність двогодинного накладання джгута з позиції системного впливу на організм і вимагають додаткових заходів профілактики та корекції.Висновки. Реперфузія кінцівки після двогодинного артеріального джгута супроводжується тривалою активацією процесів ліпідної пероксидації у печінці, нирках і легенях, що проявляється статистично вірогідним зростанням вмісту ТБК-активних продуктів, який в печінці перевищує контрольний рівень до 14-ї доби після реперфузії, в нирці – через 24 год, в легенях – через 7 діб. Посилення процесів ПОЛ відбувається на тлі підвищення активності каталази у всіх органах, яка досягає максимуму через 24 год і не знижується до рівня контролю через 14 діб. Баланс антиоксидантно-прооксидантних процесів в досліджуваних органах зміщений в бік посилення антиоксидантних механізмів, що вказує на тривалий оксидативний стрес в постреперфузійному періоді.

ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ОКИСНЮВАЛЬНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В ОРГАНІЗМІ ЩУРІВ, УРАЖЕНИХ ТЕТРАХЛОРМЕТАНОМ, ПІСЛЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НАСТОЙКИ З ХОСТИ ЛАНЦЕТОЛИСТОЇ

В експерименті на тваринах, уражених тетрахлорметаном, доведено антиоксидантні властивості настойки з листя хости ланцетолистої, що проявляється зниженням інтенсифікації процесів перекисного окиснення ліпідів та окиснювальної модифікації білків у сироватці крові та печінці щурів. Під її впливом відбувається зниження вмісту ТБК-активних продуктів та 2,4-динітрофенілгідразонів, підвищення активності каталази, вмісту відновленого глутатіону та зниження вмісту церулоплазміну в ураженому організмі.