Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Concentration Research Articles

Adsorption and Bulk Assembly of Quaternized Hydroxyethylcellulose–Anionic Surfactant Complexes on Negatively Charged Substrates

This study examines the adsorption and bulk assembly behaviour of quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate (QHECE)–sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) complexes on negatively charged substrates. Due to its quaternized structure, QHECE, which is used in several industries, including cosmetics, exhibits enhanced electrostatic interactions. The phase behaviour and adsorption mechanisms of QHECE–SDS complexes are investigated using model substrates that mimic the wettability and surface charge of damaged hair fibres. Two preparation methodologies, high-concentration mixing and gradient-free mixing, were employed to examine their impact on the complex equilibrium, phase behaviour, and adsorption properties of the complexes. The measurements of turbidity, electrophoretic mobility, and conductivity demonstrate the existence of nonequilibrium dynamics during the mixing process, which exert a significant influence on the structural and functional characteristics of the complexes. The quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was employed to investigate the adsorption of the complexes onto the substrates. The results demonstrated the critical role of intermediate SDS concentrations in enhancing deposition. The findings emphasise the importance of formulation and preparation protocols in designing stable, high-performance cosmetic products. This research advances our understanding of polyelectrolyte–surfactant interactions and provides insights into optimising QHECE-based formulations.

Synergy of sodium dodecyl sulfate and citric acid in removing bacterial biofilms in hydroponic farming facilities.

This research explored various concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and citric acid (CA), both individually and in combination, to assess their effectiveness against Salmonella biofilms in hydroponic agriculture systems. Results demonstrated that a combined sanitizer of 0.1% SDS (1.0±0.1 log reduction when used alone) and 1% CA (1.4±0.3 log reduction when used alone) was highly effective in eliminating Salmonella biofilms from PVC pipes in hydroponic systems, reducing biofilm levels to below detectable limits (> 5.6 log reduction when used in combination). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed significantly greater proportions of damaged/dead cells in the 0.1% SDS- and 1% CA-treated samples (82.6±2.6%) than in the single treatment with 0.1% SDS (26.1±3.0%) and 1% CA (31.6±2.5%) (P<0.05). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy together with analysis of proteins and polysaccharides in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the biofilm matrices showed that the treatment not only affected bacterial viability but also significantly reduced the biomass of the biofilm. In summary, this research provides a foundation for the development of improved cleaning protocols in hydroponic systems, promoting safer and more sustainable farming practices.

The Heme Cavity Is Essential for the Peroxidase and Antibacterial Activity of Homodimer Hemoglobin from the Blood Clam Tegillarca granosa

This study investigates the essential role of the heme cavity in the peroxidase and antibacterial activities of homodimeric hemoglobin (Tg-HbI) from the blood clam Tegillarca granosa. After treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the peroxidase and antibacterial activities of the Tg-HbI were significantly inhibited, with the degree of inhibition correlating positively with the SDS concentration. Fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and molecular docking analysis further revealed that SDS interacts with key amino acid residues (e.g., His70 and His102) in the heme cavity of Tg-HbI, causing conformational changes that disrupt the internal hydrophobic interactions, thus inhibiting its function. This study confirms that the antibacterial effect of Tg-HbI is mediated through its peroxidase activity and that the heme cavity plays a critical role in maintaining this activity. These findings lay a foundation for further research on the immune defense functions of hemoglobin and provide new insights into the mechanisms of environmental adaptation in T. granosa.

Efficient, Low-Cost, and High-Throughput Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) Removal from Protein Digests Using Weak-Anion Exchange.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) plays a pivotal role in protein denaturation, tissue extraction, and protein mass-based electrophoretic separations. However, even modest concentrations of SDS can cause column overpressure, retention time shifts, and ionization signal suppression during liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Thus, SDS removal is a critical step for LC-MS/MS analysis of protein digests containing SDS. This study describes an inexpensive and high-throughput method to remove SDS from protein digests using weak-anion exchange (WAX) resins in 96-well filter plates. Requiring less than 3 min, this method can reduce SDS concentrations from 0.1-0.4% to less than 5 ppm and from 0.6-1% to less than 100 ppm. After SDS removal, the recoveries of unmodified tryptic peptides and phosphorylated peptides (at 94.3 nM) were ∼90% and ∼70%, respectively. Additionally, when using aqueous 1% SDS to solubilize trastuzumab-spiked mouse serum and subsequently removing the SDS using the WAX resin, quantitation of trastuzumab exhibited excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9996) together with a low coefficient of variation (<10%). Calculated concentrations were within 20% of the expected value for spiked standard samples (0.5, 1, and 2 μg/mL trastuzumab in mouse serum). The method is about 20× more cost-effective versus commercialized SDS removal kits and both the resin and filter plate are readily available, so the method should easily transfer to other laboratories.

Surface Nitrate Enrichment and Enhanced HONO Production from Ionic Surfactant Aggregation at the Aqueous-Air Interface.

Significant discrepancies persist between field observations and model simulations regarding the strength of marine-derived HONO sources, underscoring the urgency to resolve unidentified HONO sources. In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was chosen as a proxy for marine surfactants to investigate its impact on aqueous nitrate photolysis for the first time. Remarkable increases in HONO and NO2 production rates by factors of 3.3 and 5.6, respectively, along with a 1.9-fold rise in NO2- concentration, were observed at a very low SDS concentration of 0.01 mM, strongly illustrating the promoting effect on nitrate photolysis. Furthermore, at an SDS concentration of 2 mM, intriguingly aligned with the critical micelle concentration, there was an additional 41.7% increase in HONO production rates. Vertically resolved Raman measurements indicated that SDS anions at the aqueous-air interface attracted NO3- closer to the aqueous surfaces, increasing the amount of incompletely solvated surface nitrate. Importantly, the anionic surfactant exhibited a greater promoting effect on HONO production compared to other typical nitrate photochemistry systems with the addition of a marine dissolved organic matter proxy, halogen, photosensitizer, or OH scavenger. These findings offer new insights into marine-derived HONO sources and should be considered in model simulations concerning the budgets of NOx, OH, and O3.

The Effects of Low Concentrations and Long-Term Contamination by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on the Structure and Function of Bacterial Communities in the Lake-Terrestrial Ecotone.

Due to the growing focus on daily hygiene practices, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a widely used surfactant, is increasingly found in domestic sewage and rainfall runoff. Upon entering the lake-terrestrial ecotone, SDS affects the composition, abundance, and functional capacity of soil bacterial communities due to its bacteriostatic properties. To investigate the effects of long-term discharge of sewage containing low concentrations of SDS on microorganisms in the lake-terrestrial ecotone, alterations in bacterial community structure, functional genes, and biomass were examined using a simulated continuous pollutant input. The results indicated the following: (1) The degradation rate of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) by soil microorganisms in the lake-terrestrial ecotone under long-term and low concentrations of SDS stress ranged from 11 to 16 mg/kg·d. (2) The effects of low concentrations and long-term SDS stress on bacterial community structure and gene function in the lake-terrestrial ecotone differed significantly from those of short-term pollution. The damage to microbial-promoted material cycling in the lake-terrestrial ecotone was more severe; however, the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria remained continuously suppressed. (3) Soil bacteria in the lake-terrestrial ecotone responded to the stress of long-term and low concentrations of SDS primarily by enhancing chemotaxis and tolerance.

Improvement of dispersants on nano carbon black-modified cement paste: performance, microstructure and carbon footprint

The agglomeration of nano carbon black (NCB), driven by its high specific surface energy, limits the fundamental performance of cementitious materials and hinders the broader application of functional cementitious materials in engineering domains. NCB-modified cement (NC) has a low snow-melting efficiency, resulting in high energy consumption and excessive CO2 emissions. Herein, this study innovatively proposed a method of using dispersants to overcome the above issue and systematically introduced the effects of three dispersants, polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer (PCE), tannic acid (TA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on NC. The dispersity of dispersant-NCB suspension was analyzed firstly, and then the performance of fresh paste, mechanical properties, resistivity, snow-melting speed and LCA of NC were explored. Experimental results indicated that, in terms of suspension stability, SDS was the most effective, followed by TA, while PCE exhibited the least efficacy. Furthermore, all three dispersants improved the fluidity of NC to varying degrees. However, PCE and TA demonstrated a retardation effect on the setting time, whereas SDS facilitated a reduction in the setting time of NC. From the point of view of mechanical properties, the use of these dispersants not only augmented the mechanical strength of the NC but also decreased its electrical resistivity. The uniform dispersion of SDS at the microstructural level of NCB had also been found. When the PCE content is 0.2%, TA content is 0.4%, and SDS content is 0.4%, the mechanical strength and resistivity of NC were the best. NC with dispersant TA melted snow three times faster than the control group, reducing snow-melting energy consumption. Moreover, LCA analysis showed that the addition of dispersants also reduced carbon emissions.

Foam separation of radio-molybdenum oxyanions (99MoO42−) incorporated into Co(II)/Al(III) layered double hydroxide using anionic surfactant

Foam separation of radio-molybdenum oxyanions (99MoO42−) incorporated into in-situ formed Co(II)/Al(III) layered double hydroxide (LDH) particles was applied for recovery of these anionic species from aqueous solutions. The results showed that Co(II)/Al(III) molar ratios of 2 and 2.5 resulted into not only high recovery values for 99MoO42− (R > 0.97), but also high decontamination factor (DF = 33 and 36, respectively). Almost complete recovery was achieved for 99MoO42− coprecipitated with Co(II)/Al(III) LDH in the pH range 9.9–10.5. Ageing time of 5 min was sufficient to completely coprecipitate the concerned anionic species. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentrations in the range 1.5 × 10−3 - 3 × 10−3 mol/L had the ability to efficiently form hydrophobic 99MoO42--Co(II)/Al(III)-LDH particles, where recovery values of about 0.96 were achieved with high DF values. The influence of the coexistence of different foreign anions (Cl−, NO3−, HCO3−, CO32− and SO42−) during coprecipitation process of 99MoO42− and foam separation of the resultant particles was investigated. The suggested strategy in the present study was effectively applied for recovery of 99MoO42− anions from ground water (R ≈ 0.98 and enrichment ratio (ER ≈ 7172) and radioactive process wastewater (R ≈ 0.96 and ER = 3887). Based on characterization of Co(II)/Al(III) LDH using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after foam separation process using SDS and the obtained data, the recovery mechanism of 99MoO42− was proposed.

Pioneering simultaneous determination of breast cancer medications and metformin through sustainable micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method

The current study is the first report for the capillary electrophoretic simultaneous determination of five breast cancer medications, including febuxostat, quercetin, letrozole and doxorubicin in addition to metformin which is frequently co-administered with these drugs. The studied drugs are frequently purchased in different co-formulations used for breast cancer patients. A green micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method is proposed and optimized assisted by factorial design. The factors optimized include pH and concentration of buffer, surfactant concentration, as well as the applied voltage and injection time. The experimental results prove the optimum separation of the five drugs at pH 9.7 and buffer concentration of 10 mM with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration of 40 mM with +25 kV applied voltage. The developed method is validated considering linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness adopting official guidelines. Good linearity is observed for all drugs, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The range of percentage recoveries was from 98% to 102% with less than 2% relative standard deviation demonstrating the precision and accuracy of the established method. The study includes in-vitro assay of febuxostat, metformin, and doxorubicin in spiked human plasma. In addition, Accurate determination of the analytes under study in a variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms is accomplished by application of the proposed MEKC method. The greenness profile of the investigated method is confirmed using analytical eco-scale in addition to green analytical procedure index (GAPI) approaches.

Mechanism of dust suppressant by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose grafted acrylic copolymer

In order to inhibit dust, a substance C-PAA was synthesized by free radical polymerization using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and acrylic acid as raw materials and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The optimal synthesis process was determined by using a single factor experimental method. Quantum chemistry and experiments were used to investigate the chemical synthesis of C-PAA. The results indicate that the active centers of the reaction were at the OH bond of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, where H was seized by ·SO4-, produced by ammonium persulfate, to form an alkoxyl radical. Concurrently, ·SO4- attacked acrylic acid, resulting in the breakage of the CC bond, creating a CC bond, and combining with the alkoxyl group to create a new ether group that produced the compound C-PAA. The enthalpy change and activation energy of the reaction were −178.40 KJ/mol and −22.59 KJ/mol, respectively, and the infrared absorption peaks of the newly generated fatty ether and the increase in the relative content of the ether group in the final product proved that the preparation of C-PAA was successful. In order to further improve the wetting performance of the dust suppressant, pyrene fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate as 1.5 g/L, and 1.5 g/L sodium dodecyl sulfate was mixed with C-PAA to obtain the dust suppressant SC-PAA. In comparison to the H2O-lignite system, the total number of hydrogen bonds in the SC-PAA-lignite system increased from 2023 to 2405, according to the molecular dynamics results. The rationale is that C-PAA in SC-PAA has a plethora of oxygen-containing functional groups, which enable it to create more hydrogen bonds with H2O as well as amino and hydroxyl groups on the surface of lignite. Due to hydrogen bonding, the dust suppressant is able to gather more water molecules adsorbed on the surface of the lignite. It then utilizes the capillary force of the coal pores to penetrate deeply into the fissures within the coal particles, thereby enhancing the wetting impact on the lignite.

Tailoring polypyrrole morphology and electronic properties through CTAB-SDS self-assembly

This study explores the polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) within a self-assembled catanionic surfactant composed of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) - sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), aiming to control its morphology and electronic properties. The research systematically investigates how varying the compositions of CTAB and SDS surfactants influence the structural and electronic characteristics of PPy. Our findings indicate that the surfactant composition predominantly impacts the shape of PPy rather than its crystallinity. Despite the absence of significant crystallinity, variations in surfactant composition notably alter the electronic properties of PPy. Specifically, an increase in CTAB content results in electrical conductivity increasing from 0.34 to 0.01 S/m. Conversely, higher SDS content enhances the bipolaron-to-polaron ratio, particularly in the C−H deformation region, contributing to improved electronic characteristics. Additionally, packing density analysis reveals that the ordered or disordered acyl chain arrangement within the catanionic surfactant system varies significantly with surfactant composition, further influencing the morphology and electronic properties of PPy. These findings provide valuable pave for designing conductive polymers with tailored electronic properties by a catanionic surfactant, where precise control over such properties is crucial.

Influence of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Anionic Micelles on the Complex Equilibria of Divalent Metal Ions with Isoleucine Amino Acid

The main objective of the present investigation is the formation analysis of metal-ligand complexes of isoleucine with divalent calcium, magnesium and zinc metal ions in various concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 percent w/v). To look into the impact of the concentration of negatively charged micelles, the parameters were changed and the possible chemical species of isoleucine that interact with the metal ions, are being studied. The experiment was performed using pH meter at 303 K using NaCl to keep ionic strength stable at 0.16 mol dm-3 in the presence of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The determination of the correction factor was conducted via the computer program SCPHD. The computational software MINIQUAD75 is utilized to determine the stability constants of ligand-metal complexes through the analysis of titration data. Based on statistical features such as skewness, 2, kurtosis and crystallographic R-factor, the best fit to the complicated speciation was selected. The metal ions Ca (II), Mg (II) and Zn (II) formed complexes ML, ML2 and ML2H2 for Ca (II), Mg(II) and ML, ML2 and ML2H for Zn (II) through the complexation of isoleucine. In order to validate the accuracy of the final established model, deliberate defects were introduced into the relevant components.

The Interaction Of Homodimer Styrylcyanine Dyes With Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate And Triton X-100.

Solubilization of the styrylcyanine dye Sbt ((E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-3-ium iodide) and its homodimers Dbt-5 and Dbt-10 in aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100 has been studied by steady state and picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. At low concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate in solution, between Sbt, Dbt-5 dyes molecules and surfactant ion pairs are formed followed by the formation non-luminescent H-aggregates. The nature of the interaction between molecules of dyes and surfactants has been revealed. The binding constants Ks of the dyes to the surfactants, free energy changes (ΔG0), the number of dye molecules (n) included in a single micelle and photophysical parameters have been determined. The degree of solubilization of dyes in micellar solution of Triton X-100 is higher as compared to sodium dodecyl sulfate and depends on the molecular weight and size of both dye molecules and micelles.

Structural and dynamics characterization of the Zika virus NS2B using nuclear magnetic resonance and RosettaMP: A challenge for transmembrane protein studies

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent flavivirus that represents a global public health concern due to its association with severe neurological disorders. NS2B is a multifunctional viral membrane protein primarily used to regulate viral protease activity and is crucial for virus replication, making it an appealing target for antiviral drugs. This study presents the structural elucidation of full-length ZIKV NS2B in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles using solution nuclear magnetic resonance experimental data and RosettaMP. The protein structure has four transmembrane α-helices, two amphipathic α-helices, and a β-hairpin in the hydrophilic region. NS2B presented secondary and tertiary stability in different concentrations of SDS. Furthermore, we studied the dynamics of NS2B in SDS micelles through relaxation parameters and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement experiments. The findings were consistent with the structural calculations. Our work will be essential in understanding the role of NS2B in viral replication and screening for inhibitors against ZIKV.

Effective Corrosion Inhibition of Galvanic Corrosion of Cu Coupled to Au by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in Acid Solution

This study investigates the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the galvanic corrosion behavior of copper (Cu) coupled to gold (Au) in a printed circuit board (PCB) etching solution. Galvanic corrosion tests using ZRA (zero resistance ammeter) were performed to determine the optimal SDS concentration for corrosion inhibition. The corrosion current between Cu and Au decreased significantly with the addition of SDS, from 3.26 mA/cm2 to 0.248 mA/cm2 at 4 mM SDS, achieving an inhibitor efficiency (IE) of 92.3%. However, at 15 mM SDS, the corrosion current increased, and IE decreased to 80.5%. This phenomenon is attributed to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS, where surfactant molecules aggregate and reduce surface adsorption properties. Similarly, ZRA tests were conducted to analyze the effects of PEG on galvanic corrosion. The corrosion current significantly decreased with PEG addition, achieving 98.1% IE at 1 g/L and 99.5% IE at 2 g/L. Beyond this concentration, no significant change in IE was observed, indicating saturation. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were also conducted to study the individual effects of SDS and PEG on Cu and Au. The results showed that SDS effectively inhibited Cu corrosion but had a minimal impact on Au. In contrast, PEG significantly reduced the corrosion current density for both Cu and Au, with reductions of 99.5% and 95.1%, respectively.

Scaling and wetting resistant silica nanoparticle grafted multi-scale corrugated omniphobic membranes for membrane distillation

Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technology for wastewater treatment, but often faces significant challenges of scaling and wetting. Development of advanced omniphobic membranes has been the core research for mitigating scaling and wetting in MD. In this study, a novel fluorinated multi-scale silicon nanoparticle grafted corrugated (FSiC-PVDF) membrane (water contact angle 179.5 ± 0.3°) was prepared and explored for enhancement of anti-scaling performance by calcium sulfate and anti-wetting performance by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were synthesized and covalently bonded to the surface of the corrugated membrane and the surface energy was further reduced via chemical fluorination. Flat-sheet membrane (F-PVDF) and corrugated membrane (C-PVDF) were compared. Results showed that compared to the previous study of grafting SiNPs on flat membranes directly, FSiC-PVDF exhibited superior flux (21.1 kg/(m2·h)), and it can consistently demonstrate stable water flux and quality even at high calcium sulfate and SDS concentrations. The F-PVDF experienced significant declines in performance, and the C-PVDF showed limited improvement in scaling and wetting resistance. Corrugation pattern contributed to a larger evaporation area and higher velocity near the membrane surface, thus reducing crystal deposition and heterogeneous nucleation on the surface. The combination of corrugation and SiNPs resulted in a stable Cassie-Baxter wetting state, reduced solid-liquid interface areas, and created slippage conditions that minimized the impact of contaminants on MD performance. These findings indicated that FSiC-PVDF membranes offer significant advantages for MD processes, enhancing operational stability and efficiency.

Effect of SDS Solutions on the Jamin Effect in a Capillary Tube with a Contracted Throat.

With the continuous exploitation of petroleum resources, the distribution and displacement of residual oils have become key issues in enhancing oil recovery. In a reservoir, there are various forms of residual oils caused by the capillary force, viscous force, and some other hydrodynamic effects, which lead to the Jamin effect, and they restrict the oil displacement process. In this study, the morphologies of oil droplets in a capillary tube laden with water and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions are experimentally investigated. The pinning behavior of the oil droplet is observed in the waterflood with a lower velocity, while depinning and rupturing behaviors occur at a higher velocity. Hereto, we build a mechanics model to analyze the evolution of the Jamin effect in a capillary tube with varying cross sections. Using this theoretical model, we obtain the two critical velocities for the depinning and rupture of the oil droplet, which agree with the experimental results. Moreover, we find that oil droplets can more easily pass through the entire capillary tube in SDS solutions compared with water. The time required for oil droplets to pass through the pore throat becomes shorter with the increase of SDS concentration. Therefore, a theoretical model is established to determine the total pressure difference and the minimum applied pressure difference. These findings are beneficial to obtain a deep insight into the detailed oil displacement and achieve a higher oil recovery rate.

Interactions of clathrate hydrate promoters sodium dodecyl sulfate and tetrahydrofuran investigated using 1H diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance at hydrate-forming conditions.

Thermodynamic hydrate promoters and kinetic hydrate promoters can be used to reduce the P-T conditions for clathrate hydrate synthesis to decrease the nucleation induction time while increasing growth rates. Two commonly used promoters for hydrate research are tetrahydrofuran (THF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which can increase the overall hydrate promotion when used in tandem as compared to individually. There are several molecular theories regarding how SDS promotes hydrate growth. This study explores the micellular theory, for which hydrate formation depends on surfactant aggregates (micelles) at a critical micelle concentration (CMC) to increase the interfacial surface area. The micellular theory is the most investigated and criticized surfactant hydrate promotion theory. To address questions related to micellar behavior, this study investigates the intermolecular behavior between SDS and THF for the identification of micelles at hydrate-forming conditions. The systems explored contained THF at 3 and 5 wt. % with varying concentrations of SDS below and above the CMC. Several methods including a qualitative visual method, conductivity, interfacial tensiometry, 13C Liquid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and 1H diffusion NMR spectroscopy were evaluated at temperatures below the Krafft point of SDS and above 0 °C. The presence of THF at low concentrations decreased the critical temperature for the formation of SDS micelles, where SDS is solubilized in THF/water solution at hydrate-forming temperatures without precipitation. The CMC of SDS was decreased significantly even at hydrate-forming conditions. Mixed surfactant-cosolvent micellular behavior of SDS in the presence of low concentrations of THF was confirmed at hydrate-forming conditions above 0 °C.

Influence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Anionic Micelles on The Complex Equilibria of Divalent Metal Ions with L-Leucine Amino Acid

The main objectives of the present investigation are the formation analysis of metal-ligand complexes of L-Leucine with divalent calcium, magnesium, and zinc metal ions in various concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 percent w/v). To also look into the impact of the concentration of negatively charged micelles, the parameters that were changed, and the possible chemical species of L-Leucine that interact with the metal ions that were being studied. The experiment was performed using pH meter at 303 K using NaCl to keep your ionic strength stable of 0.16mol dm-3 in the presence of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The determination of the correction factor was conducted via the computer program SCPHD. The computational software MINIQUAD75 is utilized to determine the stability constants of ligand-metal complexes through the analysis of titration data. Based on statistical features such as skewness, 2, kurtosis, and crystallographic R-factor, the best fit to the complicated speciation was selected. The metal ions Ca (II), Mg (II), and Zn (II) formed complexes ML, ML2, and ML2H2 for Ca (II), and ML, ML2, and ML2H for Mg (II) and Zn (II) through the complexation of L-Leucine. In order to validate the accuracy of the final established model, deliberate defects were introduced into the relevant components.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate assisted electric field treatment for deproteinization of chitosan

Chitosan with a low protein residue is required as it is widely used in the field of biomedicine. Herein, we proposed a novel method for deproteinizing industrial grade chitosan via electric field treatment in a medium containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The effects of electric field intensity, SDS concentration, and electrophoresis time on the protein removal efficiency were optimized by orthogonal experimental design and model building. Chitosan with an ultra-low protein residue (0.151 wt%) can be obtained at the voltage of 300 V, the SDS concentration of 1 wt%, and the electrophoresis time of 2 h. The strong binding between SDS and residue protein renders the conjugate with negative charges, which can migrate under the electric field. In addition, the electric field deproteinization process reduces the heavy metal content of chitosan slightly, while keeping the chemical structure of chitosan unchanged. The methodology provided in this work suggests the great potential of electric field treatment in removing residue protein in chitosan.