Content Of Sessions Research Articles

Методы подготовки руководителей с применением когнитивных карт и ситуационного моделирования

Introduction. The methods of managing the process of professional training of managers based on the concept of consistent development of a set of professionally significant qualities by conducting simulation games and exercises with students are considered. At the same time, the formal model of the complete training process of the head is presented in the form of the sum of efforts spent on the implementation of private learning processes that allow students to form a cumulative ability to carry out managerial activities. Accordingly, the training of the head is considered successful, provided that the results of passing all stages of training have an acceptable value. Dynamic modeling of the development of situations using actual modeling scenarios based on real situations, the use of semantically significant terms and concepts familiar to managers from the subject area of management of organizational structures, allows you to bring the model situation as close as possible to the real activity of the manager, due to which it is expected to receive high efficiency of their training. Tasks of the work. Development of methods based on modeling situations characteristic of the activities of managers, and conducting simulation games with students, exercises based on the training software and hardware complex in order to improve the practical training of managers. At the same time, it is proposed to implement intelligent management of the educational process by using cognitive maps, and to use models of organizational systems functioning at the regional level for information support. Methods. The dynamic modeling method based on cognitive maps is applied. Predicate calculus methods, situational management methods, including situational modeling and situational analysis are also applied. Results and discussion. The considered methods increase the practical orientation of training, projecting the intended activity of students on the educational process, in connection with which there is a correction of the content of training sessions in the direction of increasing the expediency of the training. To implement the proposed methods in the educational process, it is proposed to use specialized training software and hardware complexes, in connection with which their composition and main functions are considered. Conclusions. The presented methods make it possible to improve the organization and implementation of the educational process on the basis of a situational approach aimed at improving the effectiveness of training managers and strengthening its practical orientation. Keywords: leadership training; education management; cognitive maps; professionally significant qualities; training complexes; situational approach.

조건부 기소유예 청소년의 미술치료 프로그램 참여 경험

This study conducted an in-depth qualitative investigation of the significance of participation experience in an art therapy program from the perspective of adolescents with a conditional suspension of prosecution. A total of nine adolescents with conditional prosecution suspension voluntarily participated. Data were collected via focus group interviews (FGI) and individual in-depth interviews which were systematically analyzed using thematic analysis and constant comparative method for a detailed understanding of the adolescents’ experiences. The results were categorized into 16 minor themes and five main themes: which are ‘strangers, unfamiliar program,’ ‘gradually immersive program,’ ‘programs that told me I am not alone,’ ‘program that helped me to overcome painful memories,’ and ‘programs that led me to broader and upright values.’ In conclusion, this study suggested vitalizing art therapy programs with the purpose of guidance and protection of adolescents with conditional prosecution suspension, from the perspective of correctional welfare regarding session contents, operator management strategies, and communication plans among members.

Evaluation of an Academic Detailing Program to Improve Blood Pressure Measurement and Hypertension Treatment in Urban Community Health Centers.

Hypertension is estimated at a prevalence of 30 to 50% in the United States. Only 54% of patients with hypertension have their condition adequately controlled. This study aimed to use academic detailing (AD) to improve practice team knowledge and confidence in blood pressure (BP) management, specifically in low-income, underresourced patient populations. AD was developed for five practices that care for high percentages of Medicaid-eligible patients. A needs assessment was administered to each site's practice champion to determine high-yield AD sessions for their team. Presession and postsession evaluations were completed by practice team members. Fifty providers and eight staff member participants completed evaluations over nine sessions for two AD topics at four practice sites. Statistical significance was found for several items within sessions including accurately choosing cuff sizes and identifying barriers to home BP monitoring. AD is a potentially financially efficient model to improve knowledge and confidence in hypertension care at the practice level. Tailoring session content to specific needs of a practice site, along with an identified practice champion, facilitated implementation of the program. This replicable model is one way to deliver evidence-based information to those who serve Medicaid-eligible patients.

Teaching DBT Skills to DACA Recipients and their Families: Findings from an ECHO Program.

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) offers temporary administrative relief from deportation for undocumented immigrant adolescents and young adults who were brought as children to the United States. Accordingly, DACA has contributed to creating a different landscape of opportunities for this group. However, DACA has been and continues to be highly contested in the national political climate. Threats to DACA give rise to considerable anxiety, fear, and distress among its recipients, who face significant barriers to accessing mental health care services. Thus, a group of psychologists partnered with a leading immigrant rights advocacy organization and formed a reciprocal collaboration to understand and meet the mental health needs of undocumented communities. A major focus of the collaboration is to foster learning and support members of the immigrant community in contributing to their own well-being. The collaborative developed and delivered a stand-alone web-based mental health education session to DACA recipients and their families and practitioners serving this population. The session presented the use of dialectical behavioral therapy skills, three emotion regulation and four distress tolerance skills, as a strength-based approach to managing painful emotions and distress. Session content was adapted to include culturally informed examples for each skill. Quantitative and qualitative findings show that those who participated in the web-based program benefited from the education received. Findings also underscored participants' need for learning culturally sensitive coping strategies for managing stress. We provide recommendations on the delivery of culturally congruent healing interventions for immigrants with a focus on enhancing access among immigrant communities.

Revising the content and timing of parent education sessions on the introduction of solid foods to babies in Sydney Local Health District

Revising the content and timing of parent education sessions on the introduction of solid foods to babies in Sydney Local Health District

Developing an Automated Assessment of In-session Patient Activation for Psychological Therapy: Codevelopment Approach.

Patient activation is defined as a patient's confidence and perceived ability to manage their own health. Patient activation has been a consistent predictor of long-term health and care costs, particularly for people with multiple long-term health conditions. However, there is currently no means of measuring patient activation from what is said in health care consultations. This may be particularly important for psychological therapy because most current methods for evaluating therapy content cannot be used routinely due to time and cost restraints. Natural language processing (NLP) has been used increasingly to classify and evaluate the contents of psychological therapy. This aims to make the routine, systematic evaluation of psychological therapy contents more accessible in terms of time and cost restraints. However, comparatively little attention has been paid to algorithmic trust and interpretability, with few studies in the field involving end users or stakeholders in algorithm development. This study applied a responsible design to use NLP in the development of an artificial intelligence model to automate the ratings assigned by a psychological therapy process measure: the consultation interactions coding scheme (CICS). The CICS assesses the level of patient activation observable from turn-by-turn psychological therapy interactions. With consent, 128 sessions of remotely delivered cognitive behavioral therapy from 53 participants experiencing multiple physical and mental health problems were anonymously transcribed and rated by trained human CICS coders. Using participatory methodology, a multidisciplinary team proposed candidate language features that they thought would discriminate between high and low patient activation. The team included service-user researchers, psychological therapists, applied linguists, digital research experts, artificial intelligence ethics researchers, and NLP researchers. Identified language features were extracted from the transcripts alongside demographic features, and machine learning was applied using k-nearest neighbors and bagged trees algorithms to assess whether in-session patient activation and interaction types could be accurately classified. The k-nearest neighbors classifier obtained 73% accuracy (82% precision and 80% recall) in a test data set. The bagged trees classifier obtained 81% accuracy for test data (87% precision and 75% recall) in differentiating between interactions rated high in patient activation and those rated low or neutral. Coproduced language features identified through a multidisciplinary collaboration can be used to discriminate among psychological therapy session contents based on patient activation among patients experiencing multiple long-term physical and mental health conditions.

Adaptation and implementation outcomes of a parenting program for low-income, ethnically diverse families delivered virtually versus in-person.

Driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, many in-person health behavior interventions were compelled to quickly pivot to a virtual format with little time or capacity to reflect on or examine possible equity-related implications of a format that required digital access and remote learning skills. Using a parenting program for low-income families as a case study, this paper (a) outlines the process of adapting the program from an in-person to a virtual format and (b) examines the equity-related implications of this adaptation. Parents Connect for Healthy Living (PConnect) is a 10-session empowerment-focused parenting intervention designed to promote family health for Head Start families. In 2020, PConnect was adapted over a 6-month period from an in-person to a virtual format due to the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three core elements were retained in the adaptation; session content, provision of coaching support for facilitators, and the co-facilitation model. Key modifications include session length, group composition, and language of program delivery. Head Start and PConnect records provided data to compare reach, acceptability, and appropriateness of virtual and in-person PConnect. Seventy-eight parents enrolled in the in-person program and 58 in the virtual program. Participant demographics and satisfaction were similar across formats, and demographics similar to the general Head Start population. Participation was higher in the virtual format. Parents participated in the virtual program primarily via smart phones (68%). This case study supports the acceptability and appropriateness of virtual parenting programs in ethnically diverse, low-resource settings.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Reduce Oral Mucositis in Patients with Locoregional Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Our previous study showed that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) significantly reduced the incidence of oral mucositis in patients with locoregional advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing chemoradiotherapy (Liu F, et al. Integr Cancer Ther. 2021;20:1-9), but it was limited by its retrospective nature. The purpose of this phase 2 randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on reducing the occurrence and severity of oral mucositis in patients with locoregional advanced NPC undergoing chemoradiotherapy. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> From July 2020 to June 2021, a total of 302 patients with diagnosis of stage III-IVA NPC (AJCC 8th) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive CBT plus chemoradiotherapy (CBT group, n=151) or treatment as usual (TAU) plus chemoradiotherapy (TAU group or controlled group, n=151). Patients in both groups received induction chemotherapy (three cycles of gemcitabine/cisplatin or docetaxel/cisplatin/ 5-fluorouracil) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (three cycles of 100 mg/m² cisplatin every 3 weeks, concurrently with intensity-modulated radiotherapy). And all patients received education given at irregular intervals that included information about health, nutrition, and psychology. Patients in the CBT group received a series of six CBT sessions for 6 weeks during concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Weekly themes and main content of CBT sessions included introduction and establishment of a therapeutic relationship in the first week, understanding the relationships between thoughts, emotions, and behavior in the second week, cognitive restructuring from week 3 to week 5, and consolidating the experiences of dealing with emotional problems in the sixth week. The Primary end point was oral mucositis incidence. Treatment response, acute and late adverse events were evaluated. This trial is registered with chictr.org.cn, number ChiCTR2000034701. <h3>Results</h3> The incidence of oral mucositis was significantly lower in the CBT group (84.1%) compared with that in the TAU group (93.4%, P=0.011). Compared with the TAU, CBT significantly reduced oral mucositis severity scores recorded by investigators (25.0 [0.0–65.0] vs. 55.8 [0.0–88.0], <i>P</i><0.01) and patients (3.0 [0–10] vs. 6.0 [0–10], <i>P</i><0.01). Compared with the TAU group, the CBT group also showed a significantly lower incidence of Grade 3–4 fatigue (6.0% vs. 13.9% P=0.021), insomnia (5.3% vs. 14.6% P=0.007), anemia (0.0% vs. 5.3% P=0.012), and weight losing (0.0% vs. 4.0% P=0.039). The objective response rate (ORR) was 100% in both groups, and the complete response (CR) rate was similar in patients with CBT and with TAU (97.4% vs. 95.4%, P=0.539). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduced the occurrence and severity of oral mucositis in patients with locoregional advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma during chemoradiotherapy treatment.

Therapeutic (Sub)stance: Current practice and therapeutic conduct in preparatory sessions in substance-assisted psychotherapy-A systematized review.

Clinical trials are currently investigating the potential of substance-assisted psychotherapy (SAPT) as treatment for several psychiatric conditions. The potential therapeutic effects of SAPT may be influenced by contextual factors including preparation prior to and integration after the substance-assisted therapy sessions. This systematized review outlines recommendations for current practice in preparatory sessions in SAPT including safety measures and screening procedures, preparation of set and setting, session contents, methods, and roles, prerequisites, and appropriate conduct of therapists. A systematized review of the literature was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE (OVID), PsycINFO (OVID), and Cochrane Library were searched and clinical trials, treatment manuals, study protocols, case studies, qualitative studies, descriptive studies, theoretical papers, reviews, book chapters, and conference proceedings published until February 1, 2022 were retrieved. The final synthesis included k = 83 sources. Information about safety measures including screening of participants, set and setting, contextual-, physiological-, and psychological preparation, roles, competencies, prerequisites, and characteristics of the therapists, and the establishment of a therapeutic relationship were summarized and discussed. It is concluded that there is a consensus in the literature about the importance of adequate preparation before the administration of psychoactive substances in SAPT. However, the extent and approaches for these sessions vary across different models and there is a need for timelier and more rigorous qualitative and quantitative investigations assessing different approaches and techniques for the optimal preparation of clients in SAPT.

Imagery re-scripting for PTSD: session content and its relation to symptom improvement.

Imagery rescripting (ImRs) is a therapy technique that, unlike traditional re-living techniques, focuses less on exposure and verbal challenging of cognitions and instead encourages patients to directly transform the intrusive imagery to change the depicted course of events in a more desired direction. However, a comprehensive account of how and in what circumstances ImRs brings about therapeutic change is required if treatment is to be optimised, and this is yet to be developed. The present study reports on the development of a coding scheme of ImRs psychotherapy elements identified in the literature as potential ImRs mechanisms. The codes were assessed in relation to short-term outcomes of 27 individuals undergoing ImRs for post-traumatic stress disorder. The timing of the change in the image, degree of activation of the new image and associated cognitive, emotional and physiological processes, self-guided rescripting, rescript believability, narrative coherence and cognitive and emotional shift were identified as being related to symptom change and so are potentially important factors for the re-scripting process.

An innovative cardiac rehabilitation based on the power-force-velocity profile to further improve cardiorespiratory capacities in coronary artery disease patients

Abstract Background Several studies have shown the importance of the relationship between the power-force-velocity profile (PFVP) and sport performance in elite athletes through optimised exercise training [1]. Optimising the training programme is constantly sought in rehabilitation among patients always younger with coronary artery disease. To adapt the exercise training to each patient, we rely mainly on the results of the cardiopulmonary exercise test [2]. However, the nature of the training is the same for all patients. We hypothesized that the assessment of the PFVP at the beginning of the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) would allow to better adapt the CR training programme for each patient. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two exercise training programmes: a traditional CR versus a new CR relied on patient's PFVP on cardiorespiratory system and functional capacities in coronary patients. Methods This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted from May 2020 to July 2021. A total of 89 patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to test or control group. Before starting CR, participants performed two sprints of 8 s on a cycle ergometer to define the PFVP. The PFVP was analysed to determine whether the participant had a force or velocity deficit. Patients included in test group followed a specific cycling training programme based on their weak point (i.e., specific force training with high resistance and low pedalling frequency on the cycle if the PFVP was oriented in velocity and reversely). While control patients attended a conventional CR programme. The 3-week training intervention consisted of 40 min of cycling, 30 min of walking on treadmill and 20 min of strength training (4/week). Cardiopulmonary exercise test (VO2 at the first ventilatory threshold, SV1 and VO2 peak in ml/min/kg), functional assessments (distance of 6-min walk test, handgrip strength, 10 sit-to-stand repetitions, cholesterol levels, LDL-C and quality of life) were performed at the baseline and after CR. A two-way ANOVA with one repeated measure (pre vs. post) and one independent factor (test vs. control) was realized. Results The mean age was 61.0±9.6 years, 18% were women. A significant difference was observed in VO2 peak (test: +22.0±19.1% vs. control: +10.2±15.8%, p=0.003) and VO2 SV1 (test: +35.9±33.9% vs. control: +11.9±34.4%, p&amp;lt;0.001), LDL-C (p=0.016) and quality of life (p&amp;lt;0.001). No significant change between groups in other functional tests occurred after CR programme. Conclusion Cardiopulmonary activity, cholesterol and quality of life were improved after 3-week exercise programme. The novel CR depending on initial PFVP showed greater cardiorespiratory benefits than a conventional CR. Therefore, the PFVP can be used in CR to adapt specifically the content of training sessions. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): DRCI University Hospital Saint-Etienne

A pilot intervention to improve health insurance literacy and financial toxicity among recently diagnosed adolescents and young adults with cancer.

218 Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 18-39) with cancer report worries about costs and feeling uninformed about their insurance, which may impair their ability to navigate the health care system, use their insurance, and manage costs. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess a virtually delivered health insurance navigation intervention (“CHAT”) to improve health insurance literacy (HIL) and knowledge, increase awareness of insurance protections in the Affordable Care Act (ACA), and reduce financial toxicity and stress. Methods: CHAT is a 4-session program delivered by a patient navigator. Session content included learning about insurance, navigating your plan, insurance-related laws, &amp; managing care costs. Eligible participants had access to a wireless device, were within their first year of cancer diagnosis, and were treated at oncology sites from the University of Utah Healthcare and Intermountain Healthcare systems. We assessed feasibility and preliminary efficacy of CHAT compared to usual navigation care, including HIL (9 items on confidence using insurance), insurance knowledge (13 items on terms such as deductible &amp; copay), ACA protections (8 items), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; 4 items), and COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST; 11 items) using t-tests. Results: From November 2020 to January 2022, 86 AYAs enrolled (46.2% approached consented); 68.6% were female, 72.1% white, 18.6% Hispanic, 34.9% age 18-25, 65.1% age 26-39, 83.7% had private insurance, and 10.5% public. Mean baseline HIL scores were 22.6 (range = 9-33, SD = 5.5). At baseline, 65.1% of participants were unaware of the ACA provision allowing appeals for coverage denials. 64.4% of intervention participants completed all 4 sessions; 86.0% completed the 5-month follow-up survey with data collection ongoing (74/86). At follow-up, compared to usual navigation care, CHAT participants had improvements in HIL, knowledge of insurance, and knowledge of ACA provisions (Table). While PSS improved more for CHAT than usual care, COST did not differ. Conclusions: Results support the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of CHAT with related improvements in HIL and knowledge of the ACA. Clinical trial information: NCT04448678. [Table: see text]

Structured Online Modules and Near-Peer Teaching in Neuroanatomy Stimulate Active Learning and Can Have Beneficial Effects on Medical Students' Scores.

As a solution to a decrease in curriculum time and the continuous growth of student-staff ratio, the Ghent University uses near-peer teaching (NPT) in neuroanatomy practical sessions. To improve learning outcomes, students involved in NPT created an online module. This study evaluated the added value of the online module and investigated tutees' learning experience with NPT. A cross-sectional study was conducted on second-year medical students who followed a model trajectory. Their completion rate of the online module and results of pre- and posttests on the practical session content, the spotter test, and the theoretical exam were evaluated. Additionally, all second-year medical students were invited to complete a questionnaire on NPT and practical experience. A total of 253 second year students were included. Their completion rates of the online module were moderately correlated with the spotter exam results (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). Students who completed all pretests (96.44%) scored significantly better on the spotter exam (p < 0.001). Learners who completed all posttests (50.99%) scored significantly better on the spotter test (p < 0.001). Spotter tests and theoretical exam results were moderately correlated (r = 0.50, p < 0.001). Three-quarters of 352 second year students completed the questionnaire and fully agreed on all statements that assessed NPT and the practical sessions. An online neuroanatomy learning module stimulates active learning and can be helpful to improve students' spotter test and neuroanatomy exam scores. NPT is a valuable teaching resource and is generally well perceived in delivering high-quality education.

Enhancing the evidence base for spiritually integrated psychotherapies: Progressing the paradigm of practice-based evidence.

Spiritually integrated approaches to psychological therapies enable practitioners to be responsive to clients' religious and spiritual concerns and have been combined with most mainstream therapeutic approaches. As such, although evidence is required regarding their efficacy, with randomized controlled trials having a privileged status, a single research paradigm is unlikely to deliver both a robust and relevant evidence base for the psychological therapies, that is, embedded in routine practice. The research paradigm of practice-based evidence provides a complementary approach to trials methodology as carried out in routine practice via the application of a myriad of qualitative and quantitative research designs. Accordingly, this article provides the background to a special section comprising 12 articles within a practice-based evidence paradigm that captures a focus on the therapist, the content of sessions and therapist-patient interactions, applications to specific patient populations and therapy modality, and the outcomes of spiritually integrated psychological therapies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Morning Connections: How do you support hospital staff working remotely during a global pandemic without providing 'staff support'?

When lockdown was announced in the United Kingdom, kitchen tables transformed into offices overnight, as many National Health Service (NHS) workers adapted to new ways of working from home. To respond to the developing situation, we established a programme of weekly ‘Connections’ meetings where staff could be together, remotely. This article describes the evolution of our Morning Connections and Oncology Connections virtual meetings, including the content of sessions, how they were evaluated and whether they met their intention to support colleagues during a particularly challenging time, both personally and professionally, for NHS staff.

Preventing Obesity in Midlife Women: A Systematic Review for the Women's Preventive Services Initiative.

Despite high prevalence rates of obesity in the United States, no clinical guidelines exist for obesity prevention in midlife women who commonly experience weight gain. To evaluate evidence on the effectiveness and harms of behavioral interventions to reduce weight gain and improve health outcomes for women aged 40 to 60 years without obesity. English-language searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (inception to 26 October 2021); ClinicalTrials.gov (October 2021); and reference lists of studies and reviews. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling predominantly midlife women comparing behavioral interventions to prevent weight gain with control groups and reporting health outcomes and potential harms. Dual extraction and quality assessment of individual studies. Seven RCTs in 12 publications (n=51638) were included. Four RCTs showed statistically significant favorable differences in weight change for counseling interventions versus control groups (mean difference of weight change, -0.87 to -2.5 kg), whereas 1 trial of counseling and 2 trials of exercise showed no differences; 1 of 2 RCTs reported improved quality-of-life measures. Interventions did not increase measures of depression or stress in 1 trial; self-reported falls (37% vs. 29%; P < 0.001) and injuries (19% vs. 14%; P= 0.03) were higher with exercise counseling in 1 trial. Trials were generally small, heterogeneous, and lacked data on harms, long-term health outcomes, and specific patient populations. Counseling interventions to prevent weight gain in women during midlife may result in modest differences in weight change without causing important harms. More research is needed to determine optimal content, frequency, length, and number of sessions required and should include additional patient populations. Health Resources and Services Administration.

Enhancing Remote Industrial Training Experiences with Asymmetric Virtual Reality: Experiences, Tools and Guidelines

Training in virtual reality (VR) is a valuable supplementing tool for advancing knowledge transfer that results in increased efficiency and accuracy of technicians in fieldwork. However, COVID-19 pandemic restrictions made it impossible for VR training centers to operate on a full scale, forcing traditional face-to-face learning sessions to become remote. In this article, we investigate the asymmetric use of a VR training solution—among devices with different levels of immersion and control—to enrich the content of remote training sessions. The VR in this case can be seen as a source of visual and other contextual information to advance the effects of situated learning and enhance knowledge transfer. To evaluate this approach, we conducted a remote user study with ten industrial maintenance and installation experts. We also introduce the “Research Panel” tool to gather reactions of learners during the remote training session. The expert user study results demonstrate the usefulness and relevance of asymmetric VR to improve remote training sessions and other application industrial scenarios, while the “Research Panel” data provided detailed insight into the session flow. Building on the qualitative findings, we present design guidelines to aid the adoption of asymmetric VR in the industrial context.

What is the volume, diversity and nature of recent, robust evidence for the use of peer support in health and social care? An evidence and gap map.

Peer support interventions involve people drawing on shared personal experience to help one another improve their physical or mental health, or reduce social isolation. If effective, they may also lessen the demand on health and social care services, reducing costs. However, the design and delivery of peer support varies greatly, from the targeted problem or need, the setting and mode of delivery, to the number and content of sessions. Robust evidence is essential for policymakers commissioning peer support and practitioners delivering services in health care and community settings. This map draws together evidence on different types of peer support to support the design and delivery of interventions. The aim of this map was to provide an overview of the volume, diversity and nature of recent, high quality evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the use of peer support in health and social care. We searched MEDLINE, seven further bibliographic databases, and Epistemonikos for systematic reviews (in October 2020), randomised controlled trials (in March 2021) and economic evaluations (in May 2021) on the effectiveness of peer support interventions in health and social care. We also conducted searches of Google Scholar, two trial registers, PROSPERO, and completed citation chasing on included studies. Systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials and economic evaluations were included in the map. Included studies focused on adult populations with a defined health or social care need, were conducted in high-income countries, and published since 2015. Any measure of effectiveness was included, as was any form of peer support providing the peer had shared experience with the participant and a formalised role. Data were extracted on the type of peer support intervention and outcomes assessed in included studies. Standardised tools were used to assess study quality for all studies: assessing the methodological quality of systematic reviews 2 for systematic reviews; Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled trials; and consensus health economic criteria list for economic evaluations. We included 91 studies: 32 systematic reviews; 52 randomised controlled trials; and 7 economic evaluations. Whilst most included systematic reviews and economic evaluations were assessed to be of low or medium quality, the majority of randomised controlled trials were of higher quality. There were concentrations of evidence relating to different types of peer support, including education, psychological support, self-care/self-management and social support. Populations with long-term health conditions were most commonly studied. The majority of studies measured health-related indicators as outcomes; few studies assessed cost-effectiveness. Studies were unevenly distributed geographically, with most being conducted in the USA. Several gaps were evident regarding the delivery of peer support, particularly the integration of peers and professionals in delivering support and interventions of longer duration. Although there is evidence available to inform the commissioning and delivery of peer support in health and social care, there are also clear gaps that need to be addressed to further support provision, particularly regarding cost-effectiveness. The effectiveness of peer support in different countries, with varying health and social care systems, is a priority for future research, as is the integration of peers with professionals in delivering peer support.

Reflections Upon our Way of Invoking an Indigenous Paradigm to Co-Explore Community Mobilization against Irresponsible Practices of Foreign-Owned Companies in Nwoya District, Uganda

This article offers our reflections upon how we invoked an Indigenous paradigm in undertaking/facilitating qualitative research in a setting in Northern Uganda (2020/2021). The research was aimed at co-exploring with participants how they mobilized as a community against social and environmental injustices attendant with the entry of certain foreign enterprises into their community. We set up four focus group sessions in three villages to generate discussion in regard to how they had built up a community protest (with some success) against the operations of two enterprises who had been operational in the community. In our article we do not concentrate so much on the content of the focus group sessions (or the ensuing dissemination/discussion workshop), but rather, on how we enacted our understanding of an Indigenous paradigm in this research initiative. In this way we share possibilities for activating an Indigenous paradigm in the doing of research. We do this in order to help strengthen and further credentialize this paradigm in academic paradigmatic discourses and help secure its respected place on the paradigmatic “dance floor” (to use a metaphor offered by Chilisa, 2020).

HIGH SCHOOL FEMALE STUDENTS’ SATISFACTION DEGREE AFTER PRACTICING SPECIFIC AQUAGYM PROGRAMS AS AN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY

ABSTRACT. Introduction. The aquatic environment offers numerous exercise opportunities with a focus on achieving sports performance, as well as a number of beneficial effects compared to the terrestrial environment. The biological adaptation to aquagym-specific exercises, supported by the physical properties of the aquatic environment, is the response of the body to physical stimuli leading to ameliorative changes in body functions. The novelty of the activity and the relative ease of this form of physical exercise stimulated and motivated the female participants in an aquagym program carried out in the 1st semester of the school year 2021-2022. Objective. Our statement is supported by the results obtained from carrying out a satisfaction survey which aimed to highlight the impact of aquatic recreational activities, namely aquagym, and the effectiveness of the means selected in the operational programs on motor and functional capacity. Materials and Methods. The study included 37 high school female students, aged 16-17, from “Carol I” National College in Craiova. In order to optimize the students’ motor skills, an aquagym-specific program of exercises was developed and carried out along 12 sessions of 50 minutes each. At the end of the program, an opinion questionnaire was administered addressing high school female students’ degree of satisfaction with the content of aquagym sessions. Results. The application of the questionnaire-based satisfaction survey highlighted the advantages of practicing aquagym ranging from bio-motor benefits, such as the increase in flexibility, balance and muscular strength, to aspects outlining the improvement in some components of quality of life. The result of this survey confirms that the aquagym program was appreciated by the students who became aware of the positive effects obtained. Conclusions. Our students’ participation in aquagym-specific programs revealed the need to improve the educational offer of the school subject Physical Education and to harmonize the contents of the classes with students’ options. The analysis of the survey findings shows that the students rated the recreational content higher than the effects on motor skills and, surprisingly, a very small percentage of the students appreciated the effects on body shaping.